[Changes in hexosamine metabolism in rat gastric mucosa following oral administration of acetic acid-glycerin mixture--histochemical and biochemical analyses].
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Acetates↗
Biomedical subjects
T Oishi
Publications and source records attributed to T Oishi.
[Combination chemosensitivity test of a human lung small cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo].
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Animals↗
Plasma corticosterone in chicks reared under several lighting schedules.
Plasma corticosterone was determined by radioimmunoassay in 6-7-week-old male broiler type chicks, reared under several carefully controlled lighting regimes. When subjects were grouped by photoperiod of rearing, chicks reared in darkness had significantly lower hormone levels than diurnal controls, or than subjects reared in continuous light. Around-the-clock sampling revealed a diurnal corticosterone rhythm, with high daytime levels and lower night-time levels. This rhythm appeared to be retained in constant light, although phase shifted or free running. Neither analysis by light intensity level nor by lights on/lights off status at the time of blood sampling revealed differences in plasma corticosterone between the experimental groups which could be attributed to these factors.
Animals↗
Construction of an excretion vector and extracellular production of human growth hormone from Escherichia coli.
A new excretion vector, pEAP8, was constructed to develop an excretion system for Escherichia coli. This plasmid, derived from pEAP37, carried the weakly activated kil gene of plasmid pMB9 [Kobayashi et al., J. Bacteriol. 166 (1986) 728-732] and the penicillinase promoter and signal region of an alkalophilic Bacillus sp. to excrete foreign gene products. A gene for human growth hormone (hGH) was joined to this signal sequence through the HindIII site. The recombinant plasmid p8hGH1 thus constructed, was introduced into E. coli. The hybrid protein which was produced in E. coli carrying p8hGH1 was processed during transport through the inner membrane, with the mature hGH being excreted into the medium through the outer membrane which was made permeable by the action of the kil gene. The N-terminal amino acid sequence and the biological activity of the extracellular hGH were consistent with those of the authentic hGH.
Animals↗
Induction of differentiated trophoblast function by epidermal growth factor: relation of immunohistochemically detected cellular epidermal growth factor receptor levels.
The effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the production and secretion of hCG and human placental lactogen (hPL) by cultured placental tissues were investigated in relation to immunohistochemical measurements of cellular EGF receptor levels in the placenta. Explants of trophoblastic tissues obtained from normal early and term placentas were cultured in the presence or absence of EGF (100 ng/mL) with or without processing inhibitors (bacitracin, 1 mg/mL; colchicine, 100 microM; chloroquine, 100 microM) for 5 days, with EGF present for the first 2 days. Addition of EGF to the medium increased the release of hCG, hCG alpha, and hPL by the cultured early placental tissues. This EGF-stimulated hCG, hCG alpha, and hPL release was markedly inhibited by concomitant treatment with processing inhibitors. The time course of EGF effects indicated that the EGF-stimulated increase in hCG alpha secretion required a lag period of approximately 1 day, whereas significant increases in hCG and hPL secretion became apparent only after 3 days of EGF treatment. By contrast, in term placental tissues EGF stimulated only hCG alpha and hPL release, with a lag period of approximately 3 days. A possible direct action of EGF on the cultured placental tissues was reinforced by the immunohistochemical demonstration of EGF receptors in the placenta. When determined using the avidin/biotin immunoperoxidase method with monoclonal antibody to the mouse EGF receptor, EGF receptors were found predominantly on the syncytiotrophoblasts. Immunohistochemical measurements of cellular EGF receptor levels in the syncytiotrophoblasts revealed remarkably higher levels in early placenta compared to those in midterm and term placentas. Since EGF is likely to interact with its receptor, the lesser biological effects of EGF in cultures of term placental tissues may be due to the lower cellular EGF receptor levels in term placenta. These results demonstrate that EGF, via its receptors on the syncytiotrophoblasts, stimulates the release of both hCG and hPL in normal early placenta. They also suggest that EGF may play a significant role in the induction and regulation of the differentiated function of trophoblasts.
Cells, Cultured↗
Asymmetric synthesis of (+)- and (-)-batyl alcohol, a key synthetic intermediate for platelet-activating factor, by using biocatalysts.
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Catalysis↗
Effect of famotidine on theophylline clearance in asthma and COPD patients.
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Adult↗
Effect of tyrosine administration on duodenal ulcer induced by cysteamine in the rat.
Duodenal ulcers were produced by administering cysteamine to rats. Pretreatment with the catecholamine precursor, L-tyrosine (40 mg/100 g i.p. for 5 days), decreased the intensity of duodenal ulcers induced by cysteamine. Equimolar doses of tyrosine methyl ester (51.2 mg/100 g i.p. or s.c.) were equally effective in reducing ulcer intensity. Other amino acids (i.e., alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, leucine, lysine, tryptophan and valine) did not prevent experimental duodenal ulcers. Coadministration of other large neutral amino acids (e.g., leucine and valine) that compete with tyrosine for uptake into the brain did not inhibit the effect of tyrosine on duodenal ulcers induced by cysteamine. Gastric, duodenal and brain dopamine concentrations were increased 1 hr after the injection of tyrosine methyl ester (25.6 mg/100 g s.c.). These results suggest that the effect of tyrosine on duodenal ulcer induced by cysteamine may be mediated by changes in gastrointestinal dopamine metabolism.
Amino Acids↗
[Prediction of the recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix by monitoring serum TA-4].
In this study, serum TA-4 and CEA in 21 recurrent cases were examined in relation to the pretreatment levels and recurrent lesions. The positive serum rate on recurrence was 66.7% in TA-4, 23.8% in CEA, and the mean serum level was 22.2 +/- 38.2 ng/ml in TA-4, while 4.8 +/- 9.2 ng/ml in CEA. In cases with local and intrapelvic recurrence, the positive serum rate was 61.5% in TA-4, 15.4% in CEA, and the mean serum level was 9.4 +/- 12.1 ng/ml in TA-4, and 4.3 +/- 10.2 ng/ml in CEA. In the cases in which there was distant recurrence, the serum positive rate was 75.0% in TA-4, 37.5% in CEA, and the mean serum level was 43.1 +/- 55.7 ng/ml in TA-4 and 5.7 +/- 7.7 ng/ml in CEA. In the cases whose serum pretreatment levels were positive, the positive serum rate on recurrence was 100% in TA-4 and 40.0% in CEA, while in the cases whose serum pretreatment levels were negative, the positive serum rate on recurrence was 40.0% in TA-4 and 9.1% in CEA. In 61.9% of the recurrent cases, the increase in serum TA-4 preceded the appearance of clinical signs, while the increase in serum CEA preceded it in only 19.0% of the recurrent cases. The mean leading time for tumor markers in the diagnosis of recurrence was 77.9 days in TA-4 and 60.0 days in CEA. It is therefore concluded that serum TA-4 monitoring after treatment is able to be used in predicting the recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.
Antigens, Neoplasm↗
Lid suture myopia in chicks.
Domestic chicks reared under continuous light developed light-induced avian glaucoma (LIAG), including eye enlargement and flat cornea. Chicks reared under dim light developed dim light buphthalmos (DLB), a somewhat similar eye enlargement, superimposed on the LIAG effect when, as in one subgroup of the present experiments, the dim light was also continuous. Unilateral lid suture elicited experimental myopia on the operated side, additive to the LIAG and/or DLB effects. When the rearing conditions were diurnal (ie, not such as to induce LIAG eye enlargement), and the light of at least "normal" brightness, lid suture still caused unilateral myopia, accompanied by a pronounced bulging of the cornea. We discuss the probable effects of these changes on refraction and accommodation during the chick's development.
Animals↗
Light, experimental avian myopia and the role of the suprarenals.
Domestic chicks reared under continuous dim light developed the eye enlargement and suppressed corneal growth characteristic of light-induced avian glaucoma (LIAG) and dim light buphthalmos (DLB). Administered corticosterone moderated these effects on both the globe of the eye and the cornea. The anti-adrenal agent Metyrapone had no discernable effects on the globe parameters of the eye, although the cornea was somewhat enlarged and the anterior chamber deeper than in controls. Mitotic rate in the corneal epithelium, and adrenal and testis weight, were more sensitive indicators, showing that both the hormone and its antagonist induced changes in these experimental subjects.
Adrenal Cortex↗
Plasma melatonin rhythm lost in preglaucomatous chicks.
Domestic chicks (Gallus domesticus) reared under continuous light, and thus developing light-induced avian glaucoma (LIAG), were tested at 4-hourly intervals around the clock, for evidence of hormonal or other rhythms which might be related to the eye effects of LIAG. Plasma melatonin, corticosterone and thyroxine (T4) all displayed daily rhythms in the young chick reared under control (diurnal) lighting conditions. These daily hormone cycles were somewhat damped under either continuous light or constant darkness, though there were hints of a surviving rhythm, albeit phase-shifted or free-running, in plasma corticosterone and T4. In the eye, mitotic rate in the corneal epithelium displayed a prominent rhythm, high in the dark and low in the light. This rhythm was suppressed by constant darkness, and also in continuous light, the latter apparently related to the impaired corneal growth of LIAG. The daily pattern of corneal mitotic activity and the diurnal curve for plasma melatonin showed remarkable similarities, suggesting the possibility of a causal relationship between the two phenomena.
Animals↗
[Relationship between serum levels and immunohistological tissue levels of CA 125 and CEA in epithelial ovarian cancers: its implications for tumor cell type specificity].
Tissue localization and serum levels of CA125 and CEA in patients with epithelial ovarian tumors were examined. In patients with serous cystadenocarcinoma, "high CA125 and low CEA" was a characteristic feature in the serum, while in patients with mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, "low CA125 and high CEA" was generally found in the serum. Tissue localization of CA125 was strongly positive in serous cystadenocarcinoma associated with high serum CA125 levels, and negative in serous tumors showing normal serum CA125 levels. In mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, CA125 staining was positive with a minimum intensity. Immunostaining of CEA was strongly positive in mucinous cystadenocarcinoma associated with high serum CEA levels and was negative in mucinous tumors showing normal serum CEA levels. Tissue localization of CEA in serous cystadenocarcinoma was negative. There was a good correlation between serum CA125 and immunohistochemical tissue levels of CA125 in serous cystadenocarcinoma, and the same between serum CEA and immunohistochemical tissue levels of CEA in mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. These results demonstrate that in epithelial ovarian tumors CA125 has a relatively higher tumor cell type specificity for serous cystadenocarcinoma, whereas CEA does for mucinous cystadenocarcinoma.
Adult↗
Effects of photoperiods on the weights of bursa of Fabricius and thymus in Japanese quail.
Effects of photoperiods on the growth of the bursa of Fabricius and the thymus were investigated in male (1-8 weeks after hatching) and female (5-7 weeks after hatching) Japanese quail. In males from hatching to 4 weeks of age, the bursal growth was not affected by photoperiod. However, the growth pattern was different between long and short days after 4 weeks of age, i.e., the bursal weight under long days (LD 16:8) increased rapidly until 6 weeks of age and regressed thereafter, whereas it continued to increase under short days (LD 8:16), keeping a constant ratio to body weight. The growth of the thymus showed a similar pattern to that of the bursa of Fabricius. The age for the thymus to reach the maximum weight under LD 16:8 was almost the same as that for the bursa. In LD 8:16, thymus weight increased until 6 weeks and thereafter remained constant. In females, bursa of Fabricius and thymus weights decreased from 6 to 7 weeks under LD 16:8, which was coincided well with the rapid oviduct growth, whereas the organ weights increased under short days. Thus, it was clearly shown that the growth pattern of lymphoid organs is affected by photoperiods in both male and female Japanese quail.
Animals↗
Circadian locomotor activity rhythm under the influences of temperature cycle in the Djungarian hamster, Phodopus sungorus, entrained by 12 hour light-12 hour dark cycle.
Effects of temperature cycle (25 degrees C during light and 10 degrees C during dark) on circadian locomotor activity rhythm entrained by 12 hr light-12 hr dark cycle were studied in the dark active Djungarian hamster. The amounts of activity per 24 hr were significantly greater under temperature cycle than under constant temperature of 25 degrees C. Phase angle difference between activity onset and light off was always more positive under temperature cycle than under constant temperature. These findings are discussed in terms of circadian physiology.
Animals↗
Effects of duration and intensity of illumination on several parameters of the chick eye.
Effects of duration and intensity of illumination on eye weight, eye diameter, corneal diameter and anterior chamber depth were investigated in Warren chicks. Increase in eye weight was observed in continuous light, LD 22:2 and continuous darkness. Shallow anterior chamber and small corneal diameter were observed in continuous light and LD 22:2, but not in continuous darkness. Continuous bright light (5000 lux) did not induce an increase in the eye weight but instead induced severe lesions in the anterior segment of the eye. Injection of corticosterone (500 micrograms) induced a significant reduction in the eye weight.
Adrenal Glands↗
Tyrosine increases tissue dopamine concentration in the rat.
Dopamine and norepinephrine concentrations in the stomach, duodenum, and brain were measured after subcutaneous injection of tyrosine methyl ester in the rat. Tyrosine significantly increased dopamine concentrations in each tissue without altering norepinephrine levels. The increase in dopamine concentration in the stomach or duodenum was observed 1 h after tyrosine methyl ester injection, but it returned to normal 4 h after the administration of the chemical.
Adrenal Glands↗
Influence of glucocorticoids on brain serotonin metabolism in rats.
It has been suggested brain serotonin (5HT) plays a role in regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system, although none of the experimental approaches so far reported has produced unequivocal results, mainly on account of the static tissue 5HT level or the known effects of drugs being employed in interpretation of their data. The present study in rats of the possible feedback influence of glucocorticoids on the brain 5HT was designed to analyze the dynamic turnover of its metabolism. Intracisternal injection of corticosterone (COR) caused no significant changes in 5HT content but increased its turnover dose-dependently in the cortex-cerebellum and the rostral brain stem including the hypothalamus, and lowered the serum COR level at doses less than 5.0 micrograms/kg, reducing its effect with increasing doses. Intracisternal or intraperitoneal administration of miliary doses of dexamethasone (DEX) decreased 5HT turnover in the same brain portions. The effects of glucocorticoids on the brain 5HT metabolism were more potent when injected intracisternally, especially onto the rostral brain stem. Although COR and DEX played controversial roles, the present results suggest that adrenal glucocorticoids may directly act on brain 5HT metabolism and there may be a feed-back relation between adrenal glucocorticoid and brain 5HT.
Animals↗