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Biomedical subjects

T Ohyama

Publications and source records attributed to T Ohyama.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Effectiveness of mebendazole in Trichuris trichiura; a report on 2 cases of mild infection.

Two admitted patients, a 5-year-old Filipino girl and a 29-year-old Indonesian man, who were diagnosed otherwise were concurrently found to harbour Trichuris trichiura eggs in stoll specimens containing 3,300 and 30 eggs per gram feces (EPG), respectively. A satisfactory response was obtained with administration of mebendazole in the recommended dose of 100 mg twice daily for three consecutive days. Repeated post-treatment fecal examinations revealed 0 EPG. Adverse reaction, either physical or laboratory, due to the anthelmintic was negative. The study indicates that the effectiveness of mebendazole on mild infection with T. trichiura is excellent without any untoward effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effects of CV-4093, a new dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, on renal hemodynamics and function in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP).

Renal effects of CV-4093, a newly developed dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, were examined using anesthetized stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats, and the findings were compared with those of nicardipine. An intravenous injection of CV-4093 (2 micrograms/kg) produced long-lasting hypotension with a slow-onset accompanied by moderate renal vasodilation. There were no appreciable alterations in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urine formation, except that urine flow (UF) increased significantly during the first 10 min after injection. When CV-4093 was administered at 10 micrograms/kg, the hypotensive action was markedly augmented. Eighty minutes after the injection, a decrease in mean arterial pressure of about 45 mmHg was observed. Simultaneously, renal blood flow increased significantly from the control value of 5.76 +/- 0.46 ml/g.min to 6.94 +/- 0.28 ml/g.min. Renal vascular resistance decreased immediately after the injection, and the response lasted for over 3 hr, thereby indicating the marked and sustained renal vasodilating effect of CV-4093. GFR was constant throughout the experiment, but UF and urinary excretion of sodium were increased significantly. Fractional excretion of sodium was also elevated, thereby suggesting an inhibitory action of CV-4093 on renal tubular reabsorption of sodium. Nicardipine at a dose of 10 micrograms/kg, a dose producing an effective hypotensive action, caused no significant increases in RBF and urine formation. The renal vasodilating and diuretic actions of CV-4093 may provide a beneficial effect in the treatment of hypertension.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The response of normal and failing heart to externally applied vibration in the canine open chest preparation.

We examined the left ventricular functional response to externally applied vibration using four canine open chest preparations. A sinusoidal 30 Hz vibration (2.7 mm in amplitude) was applied to the ventricular epicardium at each level of propranolol-induced myocardial depression. External vibration in control conditions induced no significant change either in peak left ventricular pressure (LVP) or in stroke volume (SV). With propranolol, 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg, peak LVP and SV were depressed by the application of external vibration, even though there was no significant change of these values in the nonvibrating condition compared to control. We conclude that the ventricular response to vibration depends on the underlying myocardial viability.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effect of left ventricular volume on the magnitude of functional depression by external minute vibration.

We examined the effect of the left ventricular (LV) volume on the magnitude of the vibration induced functional depression (VID) using four canine cross-circulated isovolumically beating LV preparations. A sinusoidal, 50 Hz vibration (1.5 mm in amplitude) was applied to the ventricular anterior epicardium at different values of LV volume which was stepwisely increased by 1-2 ml from 0 to 30 ml. VID was estimated as the difference of the peak LV pressure between control and during external vibration. VID increased as an increment in LV volume when the volume was below 7-8 ml and when peak LV pressure was less than 70 mmHg. However, VID remained constant when the volume increased further. We concluded that VID was independent of LV volume at physiological range.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Clinical demonstration of vibration-induced depression of left ventricular function.

In experimental studies, minute sinusoidal vibration has been reported to induce functional depression of the left ventricle and to be an index for evaluation of myocardial crossbridge kinetics. Therefore, to examine whether or not this vibration-induced functional depression could also be observed in the human ventricle, motion of the left ventricular (LV) wall or LV pressure was measured by echocardiography (n = 16) or by left heart catheterization (n = 4), in which 100 Hz, 2.07 mm-amplitude sinusoidal vibration was applied to the subject's precordium. In the echocardiographic study, left ventricular wall shortening did not change by vibration in nine healthy volunteers, but was depressed in two patients with aortic regurgitation (AR) and in one patient with ischemic heart disease (IHD). In measurement of LV pressure, the decrease in LV systolic pressure caused by vibration was obviously observed in two patients (AR and IHD) but was not observed in two patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. These results suggest that we might be able to extend previously proposed experimental idea on early detection of the abnormality in myocardial crossbridge kinetics to the clinical setting.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Defective neutrophil chemotaxis in Down's syndrome patients and its relationship to periodontal destruction.

The degree of defective neutrophil chemotaxis in patients with Down's syndrome (DS) and its relationship to the severity of periodontal disease were studied. Fourteen patients with DS and 14 healthy controls were examined. Oral hygiene, gingival inflammation, and pocket depths were measured in clinical surveys. Bone loss was evaluated on the oral radiographs. Neutrophil chemotaxis was measured by the agarose plate method and the Boyden chamber method. The chemotactic index of the agarose plate method and the mean numbers of migrated cells of the Boyden chamber method were correlated with statistical significance (rs = 0.066, P less than 0.01). DS patients showed significantly lower chemotaxis than healthy volunteers with both methods. No difference was shown between the two groups in the random migration of the neutrophils. From the oral radiographic analysis, the DS patients exhibited various prevalence of bone loss which was inversely proportional to the chemotactic index and a significant correlation between them was shown (rs = -0.612 P less than 0.05). A significant correlation was also found between the age of the patient and the prevalence of bone loss (rs = 0.591 P less than 0.05). These results indicate that defective neutrophil chemotaxis influences the progression of periodontal disease in DS patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Study on the function of the bent DNA within adenovirus type 2 EIA enhancer: analysis using an in vitro transcription system.

The role of the bent DNA within human adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) enhancer in transcriptional activation of E1A gene has been investigated. The bent region of the enhancer was substituted by a straight DNA fragment or by a bent DNA fragment of 194 bp from origin region of phage lambda replication. Employing an in vitro transcription system using HeLa cell extract, effects of mutant enhancers on E1A gene transcription were analyzed. The results obtained showed that the amount of transcripts is affected by changes in local conformation in and around the enhancer.

Adenovirus Early Proteins↗
PubMed1989

[A case of bowenoid papulosis of the penis].

A 44-year-old man, who was seen for further examination of macroscopic hematuria, was found to have black eruptions on the penis and the scrotum. These eruptions appeared benign clinically, but on histological examination they showed the features of Bowen's disease. These eruptions were diagnosed as Bowenoid papulosis and were successfully treated with 5-FU cream. Twenty five cases of Bowenoid papulosis observed in men have been reported in Japan. Although Bowenoid papulosis is characterized by the histopathologic conditions of Bowen's disease, the lesions of Bowenoid papulosis differ clinically from those of Bowen's disease in several respects: onset at earlier average age, multiplicity of lesion, lack of associated symptoms, smaller size of the lesion, clinical morphologic features and possible spontaneous regression.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

An attempt of immunodiagnosis by means of mixed passive hemagglutination (MPHA) test for human pulmonary dirofilariasis.

The mixed passive hemagglutination (MPHA) test was used for the first time in an attempt to diagnose human pulmonary dirofilariasis in a comparison with the results of ELISA. Eight of nine patients tested with the MPHA test were positive and one was false-positive; these results coincided exactly with those of ELISA. Qualitative agreement between the MPHA test and ELISA was 90.4% of 374 human sera. The present study indicates that the MPHA test seems to be a promising diagnostic tool for human pulmonary dirofilariasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

DNA polymerase beta in human thyroid of Graves' disease and thyroid tumors.

We have shown that the level of DNA polymerase beta of rat adrenal cortex is regulated by pituitary trophic hormones and may correlate with their endocrine function. Here we measured DNA polymerase beta activity in human thyroid tissues of various benign and malignant thyroid disorders in order to verify the correlation between DNA polymerase beta activity and endocrine function. In Graves' disease (hyperfunction), the level of DNA polymerase beta per cell was three times higher than in normal thyroid, while in undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas this enzyme level was lower than normal. Furthermore, DNA polymerase beta in the crude extracts of cancer cells showed larger molecular forms, ranging from five to 12S, upon sucrose gradient sedimentation. These observations further support the hypothesis that the activity of DNA polymerase beta correlates, in part, with the functional level of the endocrine organ and with cell differentiation.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1988

K channels of human alveolar macrophages.

The activation of macrophages has been reported to be associated with Ca-activated K permeability change. In order to study this permeability change in human alveolar macrophages, we examined alveolar macrophages electrophysiologically at a single channel level. We observed two types of Ca-activated K channel currents having conductances of 218 +/- 2 and 32 +/- 0.6 picosiemens in symmetrical 154 mmol/L KCl solutions. The characteristics, such as voltage dependency and Ca sensitivity, as well as channel conductance, were different between these two types of channel currents. Quinine (a blocker of Ca-activated K conductance), 0.5 mmol/L, reduced these channel currents by 45 +/- 8% and 31 +/- 8%. Quinine, 0.5 mmol/L, also inhibited chemiluminescence and leukotriene B4 release by 82 +/- 6 to 88 +/- 3% and 88 +/- 2%, respectively. These results suggest the presence of two types of Ca-activated K channels, which may be related to the release of inflammatory mediators from human alveolar macrophages.

Calcium↗
PubMed1988

Dependence of instantaneous transfer function on regional ischemic myocardial volume.

To obtain the instantaneous left ventricular transfer function curve (instantaneous TFC) under conditions of regional ischemia, sinusoidal accelerations ranging from 30 to 150 Hz were applied to a small area of the epicardium of cross-circulated isovolumic canine left ventricle, and the contralateral acceleration was measured under control and during regional coronary occlusion (n = 11). The TFC is the ratio of the output to input acceleration amplitudes. The instantaneous TFC was characterized as a single-peaked configuration under control coronary perfusion. However, TFCs progressively changed from a single-peaked to a double-peaked configuration during regional ischemia. To quantify this change in instantaneous TFC, we defined an index D as the mean squared difference of TFC during ischemia from TFC during control. Index D was linearly related to the percent mass of the ischemic region at 40 minutes after onset of ischemia. We conclude that 1) transfer function curves are sensitive measures of myocardial heterogeneity and 2) the fractional ischemic weight of the ventricle is a major factor in determination of the deformation in instantaneous TFC at the later stages of regional ischemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Hormonal regulation of DNA polymerase-beta activity in the rat thyroid gland.

Using hypophysectomized rats, it has been shown that DNA polymerase-beta activity in the adrenal gland and testis is largely influenced by pituitary trophic hormones. Sucrose gradient centrifugation of thyroid extracts revealed three peaks of DNA polymerase-beta activity sedimenting at 3.3S, 7.3S and 12S. Of these, hypophysectomy induced a decrease in the 3.3S DNA polymerase-beta, whereas other molecular forms were affected only slightly. DNA polymerase-alpha and -gamma activities were unaffected by hypophysectomy. These changes in DNA polymerase-beta caused by hypophysectomy were reversed by daily i.p. injection of TSH. Furthermore, stimulation of the thyroid by excess TSH induced by the administration of 1-methyl-2-mercaptoimidazole resulted in an increase of all forms of thyroid DNA polymerase-beta. These results show that the level of DNA polymerase is relatively constant after hypophysectomy but that DNA polymerase-beta in the rat thyroid gland is also modulated by TSH mainly through the change of activity of the polymerase-beta which sediments at 3.3S.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The left ventricular vibration mode in the ventricular transfer function method and at the moment of the first heart sound.

Several investigators have aimed to clarify the patient's left ventricular (LV) physical properties by free vibration analysis of heart sound. Recently we have developed a transfer function (TF) method to calculate the LV viscoelasticity. To clarify whether this TF method and a clinical first heart sound (1 HS) analysis are based on the identical ventricular vibration mode analysis, we examined (1) the visualized LV vibration image in the TF method and (2) the quantitative relationship between the peak frequency of the 1 HS spectrum and that of TF curve in the early and late phase of the 1 HS. Isolated isovolumic potassium arrested canine left ventricles were used to visualize the vibration mode in describing the TF (N = 2). Examination of stroboscopically illuminated, slow-motion images revealed the oscillation of the ventricle to be of mode 2 behavior. To analyze the quantitative relation between the TF method and 1 HS analysis we used ten open-chest dogs. The correlation was good (r = 0.917) when the peak frequency of the TF curve at the early phase of the 1 HS was compared to the peak frequency of the 1 HS. We concluded that both the TF method and 1 HS analysis were based on the common, second-order ventricular vibration mode. Therefore, some information on the ventricular physical properties suggeted by the TF method could also be included in the clinical data obtained by 1 HS analysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical studies of varicocele. 1: Clinical statistical analysis of varicocele].

A clinical statistical analysis was conducted of the patients with varicocele who visited the Department of Urology, Osaka City University, and its related hospitals. Regarding the age distribution, patients younger than 50 years old were predominant; this age group included 20 of 24 cases, or 83%. An overwhelming majority of the cases, 75%, had the main complaint of infertility; they had not been able to have children even after 2 to 3 years of marriage. The next most common complaint was swelling and/or an uncomfortable feeling of the contents of the scrotum. In all of the cases, the lesion was seen in the left side of the scrotum. When the patients were classified on the basis of the sperm count, oligospermia was predominant; it was seen in 15 cases (62.5%). A study on the relationship between the sperm count and the grade of varicocele revealed a tendency for the sperm count to show an inverse relationship with the grade. Testicular atrophy showed a direct correlation with the grade. Of the patients with varicocele, 5 patients had one or more children, while 8 patients (61.5%) complained of their inability to have a child. No particular relationship could be identified between the age at the time of visiting our Department as outpatients and the degree of testicular atrophy.

Adolescent↗