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Biomedical subjects

T Ohta

Publications and source records attributed to T Ohta.

At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[A case of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with eosinophilic pneumonia with unusual shadows].

A 31-year-old woman who had been diagnosed as having idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura at her first delivery (July, 1991) was admitted to our hospital on 17 July, 1992 for dry cough and abnormal chest shadow. Chest CT showed a hemisphere-like shadow in the left upper lung field. The TBLB specimen showed a mild eosinophilic pneumonia. When the patient was observed without medications, a ring-like shadow appeared newly in the right middle field and the both shadows became gradually wider and lighter. Cases of eosinophilic pneumonia showing such shadows are considered to be very rare and interesting.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Significance of serum neuron-specific enolase levels after head injury].

Enolase is an enzyme involved in glycolysis and neurospecific enolase (NSE) has two types of isoenzyme (alpha gamma and gamma gamma enolase). Found in nerve cells and axons, the NSE is reported to be released into the serum and cerebrospinal fluid following nerve injury. We recently analyzed serum NSE levels in 47 patients with solitary head injury who were transported to our center immediately after injury. There were 35 men and 12 women, with a mean age of 35.1 years. In each case, blood was sampled within 8 hours after injury. Serum NSE was measured and analyzed in relation to the level of consciousness (Japan Coma Scale) upon admission, the modified Araki's classification, the presence or absence of skull fracture, findings from computed tomography (CT) scans and the prognosis according to the Glasgow outcome scale. Differences were compared by t-test to determine significance. When the level of consciousness was compared with the serum NSE level upon admission, the NSE level was significantly higher in patients showing a three digit code disturbance of consciousness than in the other patients (p < 0.005). When NSE was analyzed in relation to the modified Araki's classification, the NSE level for the prolonged type with focal signs was higher than the NSE level for any other type (p < 0.001 compared to the transient type). The NSE level was significantly higher in patients with skull fracture than in patients without skull fracture (p < 0.01). The NSE level was significantly higher in patients showing contusion on CT scans than in patients without contusion (p < 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[A case of spinal glioblastoma with intracranial dissemination].

A 50-year-old male developed gait disturbance and bilateral sensory disturbance in territories below Th 11 level in February, 1990. On February 26, 1990, an intradural tumor was partially removed at Th 11-12 levels, which was histologically diagnosed as glioblastoma multiforme; followed by post-operative radiotherapy (40Gy to the tumor area). CT scan of the brain was unremarkable and he was discharged home as ambulatory in July, 1990. Gait disturbance, occasional headache and vomiting developed in June, 1991. MRI revealed multiple spinal cord tumors at Th 11-12 and L 2-3 levels, as well as multiple intracranial tumors in the cerebellum, cingulate gyrus, and sylvian fissure, all of which were thought to be located in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space. VP shunt was performed for hydrocephalus. MRI taken 2 months after operation demonstrated diffuse subarachnoid dissemination and new spinal cord tumors at C 3-4 and Th 3-10 levels. Although pathology of the intracranial tumors was not confirmed, dissemination from the spinal tumor was strongly suggested by the evidence including the long interval after the spinal cord operation, the location of the multiple tumors in the CSF space, and the simultaneous intraspinal dissemination. Only 31 cases with intracranial dissemination from malignant spinal astrocytoma or glioblastoma have been reported, and, of these, most were located around the brainstem, cerebellum, and other regions bordering the CSF space. In malignant spinal cord tumor, every effort should be made to prevent CSF dissemination at operation or to detect it as early as possible thereafter. MRI was found to be the most effective method for evaluating CSF dissemination.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

A clinical study on lymphatic flow in carcinoma of the pancreatic head area--peripancreatic regional lymph node grouping.

A detailed evaluation of the involvement of regional lymph nodes in 33 patients with cancer in the pancreas, distal common bile duct and papilla of Vater was undertaken with the aim of delineating the patterns of lymphatic spread of the tumor. Regional lymph nodes were involved in 91.7% of patients with pancreatic carcinoma, 62.5% of those with carcinoma of the distal common bile duct, and 58.3% of those with carcinoma of the papilla of Vater. The neck of the pancreas appeared to be an "entrepot" through which cancer cells pass on their way to the lymph nodes. Other outstanding routes of spread include a route via the nodes situated around the superior mesenteric artery, a perineural route passing through the pancreatic plexus, and metastasis to the nodes along the abdominal aorta. Grouping of the involved lymph nodes is discussed and a new grouping is proposed with reference to the literature.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Early invasive colorectal carcinomas metastatic to the lymph node with attention to their nonpolypoid development.

Clinicopathologic study of six cases of early invasive colorectal carcinoma metastatic to lymph node was performed in order to elucidate possible characteristics relating to the risk of metastasis, with particular attention to the growth pattern of the primary tumor. All of the cases had at least one of the well-known risk factors for lymph node metastasis, including moderately or poorly differentiated histologic characteristics, considerable degree of submucosal invasion, and lymphatic invasion. An interesting finding of the present study was the identification of a nonpolypoid growth pattern with no concomitant adenomatous tissue, which seemed to be different from that of "malignant polyps" of previously reported cases showing adenoma-carcinoma sequence. This unique growth feature was found in all of the cases. Therefore, in addition to the accepted risk factors, nonpolypoid growth pattern and absence of adenomatous component may be risk factors predictive of nodal metastasis in patients with early invasive colorectal carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

[Primary adenomatous tumor of the middle ear: a case report].

A case of primary adenomatous tumor of the middle ear is described. A 16-year-old male was admitted with a one-year history of left hearing disturbance. Skull X-ray disclosed destruction of the left petrous bone. Computed tomographic scans revealed an iso-dense mass in the left petrous bone, which was slightly enhanced. The tumor appeared as a low intensity mass on T1-weighted magnetic resonance image (MRI) and as high-intensity mass on T2-weighted MRI, and was enhanced by Gd-DTPA. Fluid in the peritumoral area showed high intensity on T1- and T2-weighted MRI. External carotid angiography revealed a marked tumor stain fed by the ascending pharyngeal artery. At operation, the tumor was found to be soft and to bleed easily. Histological diagnosis was adenomatous tumor presenting a papillary pattern. Adenomatous tumor of the middle ear is rare and difficult to classify. Nevertheless, papillary adenomatous tumor of the middle ear could often be aggressive and malignant in behavior and this patient will require long-term follow up. This is the first report to our knowledge of MRI findings about primary adenomatous tumor of the middle ear.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Traumatic bilateral MLF syndrome--a case report].

A case of traumatic bilateral medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) syndrome is reported. An 18-year-old man who had been struck on the occipital region in a traffic accident was admitted to our center. On admission, the consciousness evaluated by the Japan Coma Scale was 30. Skull X-ray film revealed a linear skull fracture of the left occipital bone. CT scan showed subdural hematoma in the right frontotemporal region, contusion of bilateral frontal lobes and the left cerebellar hemisphere, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and pneumoce phalus. Two weeks after the injury, his consciousness improved and he was diagnosed as having bilateral MLF syndrome. Barbiturate, dehydration and steroid therapy were added to for intracranial hemorrhage. One month later, MLF syndrome improved and he was discharged without any neurological deficit.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1993

[Spontaneous rotation of programmable pressure valve in the chest wall: report of 3 cases].

Using a Sophy-valve system, complications after V-P shunt have been encountered in 3 cases. Turning over of the valve in a subcutaneous pocket would lead to a false judgement of setting pressure, and to serious iatrogenic complications. The valve seems to turn over only in the condition of subcutaneous placement in the chest. Probable causes are loose chest tissue, difficulty of tight fixation, and round and smooth shape of the valve. It should be kept in mind that the Sophy-valve can spontaneously turn over when it is placed in the chest. Careful examination of the chest X-ray can help to judge whether the valve is in appropriate position or not.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[A surgical case of solitary cerebral cysticercosis].

A surgical case of solitary cerebral cysticercosis is presented with a review of the literature. A 41 year-old female was admitted to our institute with generalized convulsion. Physical and neurological findings on admission were unremarkable. CT scan revealed a ring-like enhanced mass with perifocal edema in the right rectal gyrus. On MRI, the cyst wall showed iso-signal intensity on T1 weighted image (T1WI) and was markedly enhanced by gadolinium. The cyst fluid showed low signal intensity on T1WI and high signal intensity on T2-weighted image (T2WI). Obvious perifocal edema was seen on T2WI. Laboratory findings were all normal. The mass was totally removed surgically via the right subfrontal route. It was an extraaxial mass and had no attachment to the dura. Histological examination revealed the presence of the scolex, hooklets, and suckers, characteristic of cysticercus. The patient was administered praziquantel at 1200 mg/day for 3 days after surgery. In this case, Taenia solium could not be found in spite of various examinations and sexual transmission was also denied after interview. One possibility was transmission via fresh vegetables grown with excretal compost contaminated with the eggs of T. solium, as the patient often ate spicy pickles called Kimuchi imported from Korea. Physicians should be aware of the possibility of transmission via contaminated fresh vegetables in patients who have never even been to an endemic area, or who have never eaten raw pork.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[On the fluctuation of plasma biopterin levels for 24 h in normal controls].

Tetrahydrobiopterin (BPH4) is the cofactor for the pteridine-dependent monooxygenases, which play important roles in the biosynthesis of cateholamines and indolamines. These biogenic amines have been thought to be related to affective disorders, and the increase of total biopterin (BP) and the lower ratio of BPH4 to total BP were observed in plasma of patients with affective disorders. For the purpose of giving an explanation of these changes of plasma biopterin mentioned above in patients with affective disorders, the fluctuation of plasma biopterin levels for 24 h was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection by the method of Fukushima and Nixon in ten normal volunteers. The total BP and BPH4 levels in plasma at 9 am were the highest, and those levels at 1 am were the lowest. The range of the fluctuation of total BP with the passage of time was narrow compared with the range of the increase of total BP observed in the patients with affective disorders. Other factors in addition to the fluctuation of plasma BP for 24 h were thought to be related to the changes of plarma BP levels in the patients with affective disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Association between gallbladder cancer and anomalous union of the pancreaticobiliary ductal system.

Between 1978 and 1989, gallbladder cancer was diagnosed in 17 out of 48 patients with anomalous union of the pancreaticobiliary system. The clinical, surgical, and pathological features of these 17 patients are described. We classified them into two groups, those with and those without dilation of the common bile duct, and compared the clinicopathological features. Patients with dilation of the bile duct often had early onset of symptoms, so that cancer was detected at a relatively early stage. Most of those without dilation of the common bile duct already had a number of severe symptoms at the first consultation, and the cancer was usually at an advanced stage. We believe that early diagnosis of patients without dilation of the bile duct is an important clinical problem that needs to be resolved.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The role of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 on the intrahepatic biliary branches in dogs.

We studied the effects of the oral administration of a stable prostaglandin E2 analog, 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2, on the intrahepatic biliary branches in a canine model. Obstructive cholestasis with a bacterial infection was induced surgically in two liver lobes in healthy mongrel dogs, and 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 was administered orally. We examined the morphological changes in the intrahepatic biliary branches and quantitatively estimated density of mucus-producing glandular elements in the ductal wall by counting these glands per unit area. Dogs treated with 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (group 1) demonstrated fibrous thickening of the ductal wall, moderate infiltration by inflammatory cells and severe adenomatous hyperplasia of the bile duct epithelium, including striking proliferation of the mucous glands. The mean number of these mucous glands per unit area (4 mm2) was 43.0 +/- 9.0 (mean +/- S.D.; range = 36 to 56). In contrast, in a control group whose members did not receive 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (group 2), the mean number of mucous glands per unit area was 19.4 +/- 8.0 (range = 10 to 29), significantly lower than that in group 1, although histological examination revealed chronic inflammation in the region of the large bile duct similar to that in group 1. These findings suggest that the increase in the number of mucous glands that typically occur in the setting of bile stasis and biliary infection is enhanced by 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2.

16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2↗
PubMed1992

Characterization of the gene encoding human pituitary-specific transcription factor, Pit-1.

Pit-1 is a pituitary-specific transcription factor that binds to and transactivates promoters of growth hormone- and prolactin-encoding genes. A chromosomal gene related to human Pit-1 isolated from human gene libraries was over 14 kb long and split into six exons. All of the splice donor and acceptor sites conformed to the GT/AG rule. The gene was mapped to human chromosome region 3p11.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Differential effect of subspecies of lipoprotein containing apolipoprotein A-I on cholesterol efflux from cholesterol-loaded macrophages: functional correlation with lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase.

Two species of lipoprotein containing apoA-I, one containing only apoA-I (LpA-I), and the other containing apoA-I and apoA-II (LpA-I/A-II), were tested for their effects on macrophage foam cells. Rat macrophages were converted to foam cells by incubation with radiolabeled acetylated LDL. Incubation with LpA-I or LpA-I/A-II decreased the cellular cholesteryl esters (CE) mass. However, the free cholesterol (FC) mass was only reduced by LpA-I. All the radioactivity excreted into the medium was associated with LpA-I or LpA-I/A-II; 39% of the excreted radioactivity was esterified in LpA-I and 10% in LpA-I/A-II. Upon complete inactivation of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity with dithiobisnitrobenzoic acid, the cholesterol reducing capacity of LpA-I was weakened significantly. However, the CE mass reducing capacity of LpA-I/A-II was not affected. When LpA-I and LpA-I/A-II were combined, the cholesterol reducing capacity of the mixture was similar to that of LpA-I alone. However, LpA-I re-isolated from the medium showed a lower esterification rate than did the re-isolated LpA-I/A-II, thereby indicating that the cholesterol esterified in LpA-I was transferred to LpA-I/A-II. These results suggest that (i) the function of LpA-I is closely linked to the LCAT activity while that of LpA-I/A-II is not, and (ii) LpA-I in concert with LpA-I/A-II induces a series of extracellular events; LCAT-mediated esterification of excreted FC by LpA-I and a subsequent CE transfer to LpA-I/A-II. These mechanisms might be important for net cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells in physiological states.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Unusual amino acid substitution in the anion-binding site of Lactobacillus plantarum non-allosteric L-lactate dehydrogenase.

In Lactobacillus plantarum non-allosteric L-lactate dehydrogenase (L-LDH), the highly conserved His188 residue, which is involved in the binding of an allosteric effector, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate [Fru(1,6)P2], in allosteric L-LDH is uniquely substituted by an Asp. The mutant L. plantarum L-LDH, in which Asp188 is replaced by a His, showed essentially the same Fru(1,6)P2-independent catalytic activity as the wild-type enzyme, except that the Km and Vmax values were slightly decreased. However, the addition of Fru(1,6)P2 induced significant thermostabilization of the mutant enzyme, as in the case of many allosteric L-LDHs, while Fru(1,6)P2 showed no significant effect on the stability of the wild-type enzyme, indicating that only the single-point mutation, G-->C, sufficiently induces the Fru(1,6)P2-binding ability of L. plantarum L-LDH. The mutant enzyme showed higher thermostability than the wild-type enzyme in the presence of Fru(1,6)P2. In the absence of Fru(1,6)P2, on the other hand, the mutant enzyme was more labile below 65 degrees C but more stable above 70 degrees C.

Allosteric Regulation↗
PubMed1992

Primary structure of the alanine carrier protein of thermophilic bacterium PS3.

Purified alanine carrier proteins were cleaved into peptides either chemically after solubilization in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol or proteolytically with lysylendopeptidase. From the amino acid sequence analyses of these peptides, we synthesized a DNA probe and utilized it for successful cloning of a gene encoding the alanine carrier protein (acp gene). The 5'-flanking region was determined by an inverse polymerase chain reaction, and an open reading frame consisting of 1,335 nucleotides was found. The amino acid sequence deduced from the open reading frame consists of 445 amino acids, and all the partial amino acid sequences determined are included in the sequence. Although the calculated M(r) of 47,803 is significantly larger than the apparent M(r) of 42,500 as reported previously (Hirata, H., Kambe, T., and Kagawa, Y. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 10653-10656), an in vitro translation experiment revealed that the product of the acp gene migrates at a position coinciding with that of the purified alanine carrier. Hydropathy analysis suggests that the protein contains at least 8 hydrophobic segments presumably spanning membrane. A homology search on a database reveals relatively high scores of homology with either the Escherichia coli melibiose carrier or the human Na+/glucose symporter, particularly in the region from Leu246 to Glu286. Furthermore, the region also reveals low but significant similarities to other Na(+)-coupled symporters.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Lymphatic flow in carcinoma of the head of the pancreas.

The lymphatic pathway from the head of the pancreas to the para-aortic lymph nodes was examined on the basis of the frequency of lymph node involvements. Forty-four patients were examined. All patients had extended radical operations. Thirty-one of 44 (70.5%) patients had lymph node involvement. The lymph nodes that had a high metastatic rate included the following: (1) lymph nodes around the common hepatic artery (number 8 lymph node); (2) lymph nodes of the hepatoduodenal ligament (number 12 lymph node); (3) the posterior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node (number 13 lymph node); (4) lymph nodes around the superior mesenteric artery (number 14 lymph node); (5) para-aortic lymph nodes (number 16 lymph node); and (6) the anterior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node (number 17 lymph node). Twenty-eight of these 31 patients had disease in the posterior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node. The patterns of lymph node involvement consisted of four combinations: number 13-number 17, number 13-number 14, number 14-number 16, and number 17-number 8. All of the patients with number 16 nodal involvement had number 14 lymph node metastasis. However, there was no relationship between tumor size and lymph node involvement. Based on these results, the main lymphatic pathway from the head of the pancreas to the para-aortic lymph nodes was thought to be via the lymph nodes around the superior mesenteric artery, assuming that lymphatic flow is anterograde. In addition, this study demonstrates that it is necessary to perform an extensive lymph node dissection, including the para-aortic lymph node, even in patients with small tumors.

Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating↗