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Biomedical subjects

T Ohshima

Publications and source records attributed to T Ohshima.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[An erythremia with acquired HbH disease and chromosomal abnormality].

A 56-year-old male was admitted to the Nihon University Hospital because of general fatigue and anemia on September 21st, 1985. He had mild hepato-splenomegaly. Hematological findings showed RBC 286 x 10(4)/microliters, Hb 6.0/dl, reticulocyte count 2.5%, platelet count 9.3 x 10(4)/microliters and WBC 2,400/microliters. An erythroblast per 100 leukocytes counted in a blood film was found. Bone marrow was erythroid hyperplasia with megaloblasts. The erythroblasts were PAS positive but not ringed sideroblasts. Other laboratory data including hemolysis were all negative. This case seemed to be diagnosed as refractory anemia (RA) according to the FAB classification. Chromosomal analysis of marrow cells, however, all revealed 46, XY, 20q- at diagnosis and 46, XY, 7q- 20q- after 22 months. Furthermore, Hb electrophoresis ahd family study indicated the presence of acquired HbH disease. Neither erythroid bursts (BFU-e) nor late erythroid progenitors (CFU-e) were detected. He has had progressive anemia without proliferation of blasts for over 2 years. From these findings, we postulate that the entity of erythremia should be distinguished from RA including many heterogeneous diseases.

Chromosome Deletion↗
PubMed1990

[Acute myeloblastic leukemia associated with 46, XY, del(5)(q22)].

A 38-year-old male admitted to the Internal Medicine of Surugadai Nihon University Hospital, complaining of general fatigue and throat pain. The laboratory examinations revealed leukocytosis (83, 900/microliters) and an appearance of myeloblasts (90.2%) in the peripheral blood. The nucleated cell count was 56 x 10(4)/microliters with 85.5% myeloblasts in bone marrow. He was diagnosed as acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). Though he received two courses of combination chemotherapy with daunorubicin, BH-AC, 6 MP and prednisone, one course of combination with mitoxantrone, etoposide and cytosine arabinoside and one course of combination with aclarubicin cytosine arabinoside and prednisone, he could not achieved remission. A chromosome analysis revealed 46, XY del(5)(q22). The amount of DNA fragments hybridized to 4.5 Kb v-fms probe in blastoid cells was approximately a half amount of normal persons. It is not defined the relationship between the decrease of fms and leukemia in this case. He was diagnosed de novo AML, since he had not been received the therapy with potential mutagenic and carcinogenic agents and had not been exposed the irradiation on his works.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A case of chronic subdural hematoma associated with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)].

A 41-year-old male was admitted to our service with right occipital pain as his chief complaint. CT and MRI examinations revealed bilateral chronic subdural hematomas. The patient had also been affected with ITP since the age of 28. Since emergency operation was thought to be dangerous, he was transferred to Tokushima University Hospital, and treated preoperatively by administration of steroids and a large dose of immunoglobulin. When his platelet count had returned to 146,000/mm3, evacuation of the hematoma through burr holes was performed successfully under local anesthesia. The postoperative course was uneventful. So far as we have been able to find in the literature, only 3 cases of ITP complicated by chronic subdural hematoma have been reported. The characteristic clinical feature of these 4 cases including our own case was noted as the absence of a history of trauma. However, the etiological relationship between ITP and chronic subdural hematoma was controversial. Occurrence of chronic subdural hematoma in patients with ITP and in patients under hemodialyzer treatment is very rare. However, intracerebral hemorrhages are rather common among such patients. So it was suggested that the tendency to bleeding among patients with ITP, and among hemodialyzer patients may contribute little as an etiological factor in the evolution of chronic subdural hematoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A case of arteriovenous malformation in a neonate].

Although arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is considered a congenital disease, few cases of AVM are manifested clinically in the neonatal period. In this paper a neonatal case of AVM manifested as intracranial hemorrhage is reported. A newborn female infant 12 days after birth, was admitted to a hospital with the chief complaint of sudden onset of vomiting and fever. Neurological examination revealed left hemiparesis with bulging of the anterior fontanel. CT examination demonstrated a large mass lesion with hemorrhage in the right parietal lobe. The lesion was enhanced with contrast medium. Consent for surgery was not able to be obtained from her family, so she was treated conservatively. A gradually enlarging cyst surrounding the mass appeared in follow-up CT examination. Her left hemiparesis and bulging of the anterior fontanel remained unchanged, and a rather good general health condition was maintained. Consent for surgery was finally obtained from her parents and the patient was transferred to our hospital three months after the onset of the symptoms. Cerebral angiogram showed AVM with a big aneurysmal sac. The feeder arteries of the AVM arose from the right middle cerebral artery and the anterior cerebral artery. The drainers poured into the superior sagittal sinus. AVM was removed totally by right parietal craniotomy on the 24th January, 1989. Postoperatively, her left hemiparesis started to improve gradually. Her general condition was also good, and she showed no neurological deficits at the age of 8 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1990

[Possibilities for individual identification of hair roots using DNA probes].

High-molecular weight DNA was extracted from hair roots. The obtained DNA was digested with Hae III and Msp I and transferred to nylon membranes by Southern blotting. The possibility of applying a probe for sex determination (pHY2.1) a "single-locus"-probe (YNH24) as well as a "multi-locus"-probe (M13) was examinated as a function of the amount of hair being supplied. In the laboratory experiment a single hair root was enough for a sex determination or individual identification. Because of methodical difficulties in practice this kind of profiling should only be done with several hair roots.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Phase II study of YNK01 (1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine-5'-stearylphosphate) on hematological malignancies].

Phase II study of YNK01 (1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine-5'-stearylphosphate), a derivative of cytosine arabinoside, on hematological malignancies was conducted by multi-institutional cooperative group. YNK01 was administered orally at dose of 100-300 mg/body/day for more than 2 weeks. The number of registered and evaluated patients were 211 and 156, respectively. Of 23 patients with acute myelogeneous leukemia (AML), 2 complete response (CR), one partial response (PR) were observed (CR + PR: 13.0%). Hypoplastic leukemia (1/4: 25%), acute unclassified leukemia (1/1: 100%). Of 45 patients with MDS, 2CRs, 6 good response (GR) and 5PRs were observed (CR + PR: 28.9%). AML developing after a prior history of MDS (5/17: 29.4%), CML-BC (2/9: 22.2%). Of 19 patients with CML, 9 achieved CR, 3 achieved PR (63.2%). Of 11 patients with polycythemia vera, 4 achieved CR, 5 achieved PR (81.8%). Of 6 patients with essential thrombocytosis, 2 achieved CR, one achieved PR (50%). The major adverse effects included gastrointestinal toxicities such as nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, and elevation of GOT and GPT which were tolerable and reversible. This study indicates that YNK01 is a useful agent against acute leukemia and MDS, especially RAEB, RAEB in T, CMMoL.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[An autopsy case of sudden death due to hyperthyroidism].

A rare autopsy case of death due to thyroid crisis is reported. A 45-year-old lean woman with pigmentation of the skin was found dead at the seaside. The autopsy findings were as follows: The enlarged thyroid gland (35.5 g) had a histological finding of diffuse hyperplastic goiter (hyperthyroidism). The thymus (28.5 g) was enlarged and parenchymatous. The lymphocytes in the thymus and spleen were conspicuously proliferated, probably due to secondary adrenal cortex insufficiency. The adrenal cortex was slightly atrophic. Hemosiderin-laden macrophages in the lung, and centrilobular necrosis, microscopic bleeding, fibrosis, and nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver indicated the persisted heart failure. A small pericardial scar was found at the right ventricle of the heart (280 g), and the histological finding of the heart was only congestion. Acetone was detected in a relatively high concentration in the blood (72 micrograms/ml), urine (139 micrograms/ml), bile (32 micrograms/ml) and gastric contents (38 micrograms/g), probably due to metabolic disorder from thyroid crisis. In conclusion, the cause of death was diagnosed as sudden death due to thyroid crisis from hyperthyroidism.

Death, Sudden↗
PubMed1990

[DBMP-85 was effective at diagnosis and LVP was effective at relapse in a case of acute mixed leukemia].

A 16 year-old boy was admitted to our hospital in April 1985, because of bilateral submandibular swellings. Hematological examination revealed Hb was 7.3 g/dl, WBC was 89,000/microliters (76% blast), and platelet was 154,000/microliters. His bone marrow was hypercellular and consisted with 91% blasts. Myeloperoxidase staining was positive for 38% of blasts. Auer rods were seen in some of blasts. Thus, the diagnosis was M1 according to FAB classification. Cytogenetic studies of 20 marrow cells were performed and all cells had 46, XY, -1, -7, 3q-, 7q-, 17q+, +2mar. Eighty five percent of blasts expressed HLA-DR and 43% of blasts expressed CD2 and CD13 simultaneously. Thus, this leukemia was considered as the hybrid type of acute mixed leukemia by surface marker analysis. DBMP-85 regimen, the chemotherapy for AML, was started after admission and complete remission (CR) was attained in June 1985. After 4 courses of post remission chemotherapy, he discharged in December 1985 and was followed at our outpatient clinic without chemotherapy. His disease was relapsed in June 1986, and the combination chemotherapy with mitoxantrone, etoposide and Ara-C was applied to him but failed to attain CR. Then, LVP protocol, the chemotherapy for ALL, was started and CR was achieved. The blasts at relapse had morphologically myeloid features, and expressed HLA-DR, CD2 and CD13 as well as at diagnosis. Cytogenetic studies at relapse showed some karyotype except gaining 12p- anomaly. Therefore, same blasts were considered to emerge at relapse. Our case suggests that LVP therapy may be effective for AML expressing myeloid and lymphoid surface markers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Morphological and immunological classification and response to chemotherapy in adult patients with acute leukemias].

Three hundred forty four adult patients with acute leukemia were classified according to the FAB classification, and revealed 109 patients were ALL and 235 were AML. Surface marker analysis were done in 52 cases with ALL and 51 with AML. Patients with ALL were treated with VP or LVP therapy and those with AML were treated with DC(M)P, BH-AC DMP, DCMP-85 or DBMP-85. L 1 was 56% of ALL patients and L 2 was 44%. Complete remission (CR) rate of L 1 was 78.8% and that of L 2 was 62.5%, however 5 year survival rate was less than 20% in both groups. c-ALL was 62% of ALL, T-ALL and N-ALL were 15% and 13% respectively. L + M ALL was 8% and B + T ALL was 2%. CR rate was almost same among each groups, however disease free survival (DFS) was better in T-ALL and worse in c-ALL. M 1 was 23.4% of AML, M 2, M 3, M 4, M 5 and M 6 were 42.6%, 15.7%, 11.9%, 5.1% and 1.3% respectively. CR rate of all AML was 71.9% and that of M 3, M 5 and M 6 was worse than the average. Five years continued complete remission (CCR) rate of M 2, M 3 and M 4 were 20-25%, while that of M 1 and M 5 were worse than the former. Myeloid-AML was 67% of AML, L + M-AML and lymphoid-AML were 27% and 6% respectively. CR and CCR rate of L + M-AML and lymphoid-AML were seemed to be better than those of myeloid-AML. Thus, the patients with AML, even though they have the blasts which express lymphoid markers, can be treated with AML directed therapy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Enzymatic in situ determination of stereospecificity of NAD-dependent dehydrogenases.

Amino acid racemases inherently catalyze the exchange of alpha-hydrogen of amino acids with deuterium during racemization in 2H2O. When the reactions catalyzed by alanine racemase (EC 5.1.1.1) and L-alanine dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.1), which is pro-R specific for the C-4 hydrogen transfer of NADH, are coupled in 2H2O, [4R-2H]NADH is exclusively produced. Similarly, [4S-2H]NADH is made in 2H2O with amino-acid racemase with low substrate specificity (EC 5.1.1.10) and L-leucine dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.9), which is pro-S specific. We have established a simple procedure for the in situ analysis of stereospecificity of C-4 hydrogen transfer of NADH by an NAD-dependent dehydrogenase by combination with either of the above two couples of enzymes in the same reaction mixture. When the C-4 hydrogen of NAD+ is fully retained after sufficient incubation, the stereospecificity of hydrogen transfer by a dehydrogenase is the same as that of alanine dehydrogenase or leucine dehydrogenase. However, when the C-4 hydrogen of NAD+ is exchanged with deuterium, the enzyme to be examined shows the different stereospecificity from alanine dehydrogenase or leucine dehydrogenase. Thus, we can readily determine the stereospecificity by 1H NMR measurement without isolation of the coenzymes and products.

Alanine Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1989

Characterization of KEX2-encoded endopeptidase from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae KEX2 gene previously isolated was characterized as the gene encoding an endopeptidase required for proteolytic processing of precursors of alpha-factor and killer toxin. In this study, the cloned KEX2 gene was introduced into the kex2 mutant cells and the KEX2 gene product expressed in these cells was partially purified from their membrane fraction. The enzyme preparation exhibits a calcium-dependent endopeptidase activity with a substrate specificity toward the carboxyl side of Lys-Arg, Arg-Arg and Pro-Arg sequences. The enzyme activity was inhibited by serine-protease inhibitors, such as DFP and PMSF, indicating that the KEX2 endopeptidase belongs to a serine-protease family. The optimal pH was determined to be around 5.5. Thus, the KEX2 endopeptidase was found to be a unique calcium-dependent serine-protease distinct from calpain and trypsin.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Micronucleus test with cyclophosphamide administered by intraperitoneal injection and oral gavage.

The effect of route of administration on the micronucleus test was examined in 2 laboratories: cyclophosphamide (CYP) was administered by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) or oral gavage (p.o.) to 2 strains of mice. MS/Ae and CD-1. On the basis of a small-scale acute toxicity study and a pilot micronucleus experiment, the final micronucleus test was performed with a 48-h sampling time at doses of 25-200 mg/kg i.p. and 50-400 mg/kg p.o. CYP via the i.p. route was more toxic and induced more micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) in MS/Ae mice than in CD-1 mice. Administration-route-related differences were not distinctly shown in the MS/Ae strain. In CD-1, however, higher doses were required for the p.o. route than for the i.p. route to induce about equal amounts of clastogenic damage.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Cross-correlation analysis of taste neuron pairs in rat solitary tract nucleus.

1. Experiments were conducted to examine the possibility that the taste-sensitive neurons with similar taste-selectivity are preferentially innervated by common driving neurons whose taste-selectivity is also similar. 2. Multiple microelectrodes, in most cases a pair of glued electrodes, were inserted into the unilateral solitary tract nucleus (NTS) of the rat, and simultaneous recordings were made in neuron pairs responding to the four basic taste stimuli. The spike response density (RD) of each neuron during tastant stimulation was determined. Correlation coefficients of spike occurrence were calculated for each neuron pair during application of tastants and distilled water and also during spontaneous background activity. The frequency of correlated discharge (FC) of a neuron pair was measured as the area of the peak appearing on the cross-correlogram (CC). The FC value was divided by the RD value to calculate the weight of the correlated discharges in the output of each neuron (WC value). 3. Eleven pairs showed peaks in the CC constructed during tastant stimulation, whereas in other 11 pairs no peaks were found. The cross-correlation-positive group with peaks was composed of 18 NaCl-best (responding most vigorously to NaCl) and 4 HCl-best neurons, whereas the negative group without peaks included 9 NaCl-best, 9 HCl-best, and 4 sucrose-best neurons. 4. In the cross-correlation-positive pairs the taste quality most effective for one of the component neurons was often (13 NaCl-best and 2 HCl-best, 15/22 = 0.681) identical to the taste quality giving the highest probability of correlated discharge, i.e., highest FC value, in the neuron pair. 5. There were five cross-correlation-positive pairs (5/11 = 0.455) in which both of the component neurons were NaCl-best and the FC value was highest during NaCl stimulation. 6. The CCs constructed during water application exhibited peaks for all the pairs which gave positive cross-correlation in response to stimulation with tastants, whereas all pairs with negative cross-correlation during tastant stimulation never gave a detectable peak during water application. 7. In three pairs of the cross-correlation-positive group, the CCs constructed during spontaneous background activity without application of any liquid showed a small peak. 8. During NaCl stimulation some neurons exhibited relatively high FC values, but the WC values were always low. In contrast, during sucrose stimulation, the FC value was always low, but the WC value was quite high in some neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Statistical observation of crowns and bridges in Matsumoto Dental College].

A study was made of 11,425 crowns and 2,385 bridges which had been fabricated for 5,588 patients at the Prosthetic Clinic of Matsumoto Dental College during the fourteen-year period, from January 1973 to December 1986. Some of the results were as follows: 1. 753 patients, 1,585 crowns and 372 bridges in 1983 were the most numerous in all the survey years. 2. The rate of vital teeth of crowns has increased from 1984. 3. Of crowns, 22.1% and of bridge retainers, 22.3% were fabricated as porcelain fused to metal crown in 1985. 4. The rate of resin facing crowns of crowns and bridge retainers increased sharply in 1986. 5. Of crowns, 19.0% and of bridge retainers, 30.5% were fabricated as partial coverage crowns in 1986. 6. The rate of more than 5-unit bridges increased from 1982 to 1985.

Crowns↗
PubMed1989

[Multifocal gliomas in cerebral hemisphere associated with von Recklinghausen's disease: case report].

A case of intracerebral multifocal gliomas with von Recklinghausen's disease is reported. A 12-year-old boy was admitted to our hospital with an episode of convulsive attacks which were uncontrolled by anticonvulsants. CT scan and MRI revealed small well circumscribed tumors in the left frontal cortex and left parietal subcortex. Both of the tumors revealed low density in plain CT scan and low intensity in T1 weighted MRI. The vascularity of these tumors was poor in cerebral angiography. In other words these tumors were of a similar nature. The histology of the frontal tumor, which was totally removed surgically, showed typical pilocytic astrocytoma. The other tumor in the left parietal subcortex must also be included in the category of low grade glioma. In the sixth month after the operation, we could find neither recurrence of the frontal glioma nor enlargement of the parietal tumor, on CT and MRI findings. Immunohistochemically, the outer portion of the Rosenthal fiber in this tumor was positive for GFAP and S-100 protein, but the inner portion was negative, because the GFAP and S-100 protein there had degenerated. The cytoplasm of this tumor's cell was abundant with mitochondria and Golgi's bodies compared to the fibrillary astrocytoma. This case may be the first case of multifocal gliomas in the same cerebral hemisphere. We suggest that multifocal gliomas grow naturally, and over the years, tumors combine with each other and finally constitute a large type diffuse glioma.

Astrocytoma↗