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Biomedical subjects

T Ohshima

Publications and source records attributed to T Ohshima.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Sibling cases of primary biliary cirrhosis associated with polymyositis, vasculitis and Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) was diagnosed in two siblings, a 42-year-old male and his 49-year-old sister. Furthermore, they were complicated with three types of autoimmune diseases: polymyositis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and vasculitis of the right axillary artery. Although PBC is often associated with other autoimmune diseases, reports of the association with polymyositis and vasculitis syndrome are rare. Familial clustering of PBC with autoimmune diseases is also rare.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Application of hemoglobin analysis by CO-oximeter to medico-legal practice with special reference to diagnosis of asphyxia.

Hemoglobin analysis by CO-oximeter is more easily and rapidly available method than other spectrophotometric or GC methods. In the present study, the possibility of diagnosis of asphyxia by CO-oximeter was examined experimentally using rabbits. When measured value of oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb) was lower than about 20% and that of deoxyhemoglobin (HHb) was, on the other hand, higher than about 80%, being accompanied by low measured values of both methemoglobin (MetHb) and CO-hemoglobin (COHb) (< 5%), asphyxia should be firstly considered as the cause of death. To the corpses found at the scene of fire, three chief factors causing death such as burns, suffocation due to oxygen deficiency and intoxication by poisonous gases may have occurred simultaneously, and through measuring the values of O2Hb, COHb, MetHb and HHb, the main lethal factor could be selected out among these three factors above and the cause of death could be examined much more closely. Because of easy and rapid analysis, it could be considered that CO-oximeter was useful for forensic practices and police activities.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A large-scale preparative electrophoretic method for the purification of pyridine nucleotide-linked dehydrogenases.

A large-scale preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) method that uses a 1.5- or a 2.0-cm-thick slab gel has been developed for the purification of NAD-dependent dehydrogenases. With the 2.0-cm-thick gel, a maximum volume (up to about 160 ml) of enzyme sample was applied to a gel plate, resulting in the application of a large amount of protein and enzyme. After the electrophoretic run, the enzyme band on the gel was detected by activity staining and recovered from the gel by extraction with a fairly loose-fitting glass-Teflon homogenizer. NAD-dependent alanine dehydrogenase, leucine dehydrogenase, and glycerol dehydrogenase were purified in high yields (more than 80%) by the preparative PAGE method. The method can be carried out using a simple slab gel apparatus, which is modified from the conventional analytical apparatus for the purpose of preparative PAGE under conditions used for routine analytical runs. Thus, the method may be suitable for use in purifying NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases and many other enzymes after conventional chromatography such as dye-ligand affinity chromatography or ion-exchange chromatography.

Alanine Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1992

[Anesthetic management of a patient with right ventricular myxoma].

Right ventricular myxoma in a 79 year old male, whose pulmonary trunk was obstructed by the myxoma, was reported. Myxoma of the heart is rare, and especially right ventricular myxoma is rare. Myxomas of the heart have been reported by thirty-seven authors, but right ventricular myxoma has been reported by only one author. Anesthesia for the removal of right ventricular myxoma must be carried out carefully, because some critical troubles may happen during anesthesia for the resection of the right ventricular myxoma. Particularly, occlusion of the pulmonary artery is the most dangerous complication.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[An autopsy case of fatal nicotine poisoning].

A fatal case of nicotine poisoning is reported in which a 44-year-old female committed suicide in a short time by taking orally the eluate from tobacco. External examination showed no abnormal findings except for markedly dark red-purple postmortem lividity, and internal examination demonstrated no pathological changes but the signs of sudden death. Through the toxicological investigation by GC and GC-MS, however, nicotine was detected in the solution which she had taken orally and in the blood, urine and the contents of the stomach and small intestine. The nicotine concentrations of the blood, urine and contents of stomach and small intestine were 6.3 micrograms/ml, 1.5 micrograms/ml, 30 micrograms/ml and 71 micrograms/g respectively, and enough to be lethal.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[A case of metastatic intracerebral malignant schwannoma].

A 53 year old male complaining of headache and left hemiparesis was referred to our hospital on November 11, '89. He had no evidence of von Recklinghausen's disease. He had been operated on because of a well circumscribed tumor in the left paravertebral muscle on July 11, '87, and metastasis in the lower lobe of the left lung on April 20, '88. The pathological diagnosis of both the primary and the metastatic lung tumor was malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor showing peripheral cell differentiation (malignant schwannoma). Contrast enhanced CT demonstrated an irregularly enhanced mass in the right parietal lobe just before admission. On the night of admission November 12, '89, he suddenly had severe headache and this progressed to hemiparesis. Repeat CT examination was done immediately and revealed intratumoral hemorrhage. On November 19, '89, the tumor was totally removed. His symptoms disappeared postoperatively. The pathological findings of the tumor were the same as those made previously. The patient received radiotherapy to the brain (local 50 Gy and whole brain 30 Gy) and chemotherapy with nitrosourea (MCNU 150mg). He was discharged without neurological deficits. However he had two operations to remove metastatic tumors in the soft tissue of the hip on January 12, and August 17, '90. A very rare case of metastatic intracerebral malignant schwannoma is reported, and the literature on this point is reviewed.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

[A scanning electron microscopic study of experimental endothelial injury and regeneration following photochemically induced thrombosis in rat retinal venules].

The natural course of retinal venous obstruction and of endothelial injury and regeneration following photochemically induced thrombosis in Wistar-Kyoto rats was studied by scanning electron microscopy utilizing the freeze-splitting method. The eyes were examined ophthalmoscopically and histologically at 30 min, 6, 24 h, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days after the insult. At 30 minutes after the irradiation, the vascular lumen of retinal venule was completely occluded with a large amount of fibrous materials considered to be fibrin mesh-work and a mass of deformed erythrocytes. By 6 hours after the irradiation, the fibrous materials had decreased and deformed erythrocytes had also decreased in number. On the other hand, multi-layered platelets with pseudopods aggregated over the irradiated area. Similar platelet aggregation was also seen at 24 hours after the irradiation, however, fibrous materials and deformed erythrocytes were rarely observed. These aggregates persisted for up to 2 days after the irradiation, when exposure of the subendothelium was also observed. By 3 days after the irradiation, there had been no platelet aggregates and the injured area was reendothelialized. But the endothelial surface was rugged and had many crater-like pores. In addition, some of these endothelial cells protruded or were elevated toward the lumen. Endothelial abnormalities such as rugged surface and crater-like pores were also found at 5 days after the irradiation. These findings suggested that rapid thrombolysis was caused by activation of the local fibrinolytic system, that the injured area was rapidly reendothelialized within about 3 days but that mild endothelial damage still existed for more than 5 days.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis by amplification of mycobacterial DNA in blood diseases].

In patients with malignant blood disease, infection is the most serious complication. The prompt differential diagnosis of tuberculosis leads to an appropriate treatment. A method based on DNA amplification and hybridization for the rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was used to test 10 clinical specimens (sputum, gastric aspirate and pleural effusion) from blood disease patients in whom tuberculosis was suspected. Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA was detected in 3 specimens, including one which was negative on standard microbiological criteria (microscopy and/or culture). The other 7 specimens with fever or abnormal shadow on a chest X-ray were negative by both our method and the Standard microbiological criteria. Rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis by amplification of mycobacterial DNA in cases of blood disease in clinically useful.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[All-trans retinoic acid induced a complete remission in a case of refractory relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia].

Forty five year old male suffering from relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) was treated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and attained second complete remission (CR) without bone marrow hypoplasia. He was diagnosed as having APL in September 1989. The DCMP-85 regimen first induced CR in October, however the disease relapsed in September 1990. The DCMP-85 and and the MEC (MIT, ETOP, Ara-C) regimens were applied for re-induction without success. Then, 45 mg/m2/day ATRA was given orally from December 28, 1990. Laboratory data before ATRA treatment were as follows; 35.4% leukemic cells in the bone marrow, Hb 11.0 g/dl, Plt 130,000/microliters, WBC 5,100/microliters without leukemic cells, and no DIC was detected. During the treatment, his bone marrow was examined frequently. The bone marrow series showed no hypoplasia at any time and gradual reduction of leukemic cells with proliferation of mature granulocytes. CR was attained on January 21, 1991. DIC did not develop. Cytogenetic anomalies including t(14;17;15) (q24;q11.2;q22) reduced from 29/30 cells at relapse to 4/30 cells at the time of CR. Dryness of mouth and lips, irritation around eyes and the elevations of GOT, GPT and triglyceride level were seen as the side effects of ATRA, however they were tolerable.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Distribution of parvalbumin immunoreactivity in the human brain.

The cellular distribution of parvalbumin-like immunoreactivity (PA-LI) in the human brain was investigated by peroxidase-antiperoxidase methods using antiserum to rat skeletal muscle parvalbumin. PA-LI was present in non-pyramidal neurons of the cerebral cortices, stellate cells, basket cells and Purkinje cells in cerebellar cortices, and neurons of some nuclei in human brain stem; the distribution of PA-LI in human brain was very similar to that in rat brain. These results indicate that PA-LI is widely distributed in a specific subpopulation of neurons of the human brain.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Immunohistochemical study on the localization of the epitope defined by a human saliva-specific mouse monoclonal antibody (P4-5C).

A novel mouse monoclonal antibody (P4-5C) has been developed which recognizes the core portion of the protein carrying ABO(H) blood group antigens in human saliva. This proved to be specific for human saliva using immunochemical investigations such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Ouchterlony method and counter-immunoelectrophoresis. By light and electron microscope studies with immunohistochemical techniques using this human saliva-specific P4-5C as primary antibody, it was shown that P4-5C reacted specifically and exclusively with mucus from the mucous gland cells of human salivary glands. P4-5C reacted neither with the mucous gland cells of other primates (hamadryas baboon, Japanese monkey and Rhesus monkey) and four mammals (dog, cat, rabbit and mouse) nor with other human tissues. The epitope on the core portion of the ABO(H)-carrying protein was defined by P4-5C and could be discriminated from the epitope of ABO(H) blood group antigens using immunoelectronmicroscopy, although these 2 epitopes were localized relatively close to each other. The P4-5C monoclonal antibody can be also used for morphological species identification of tissue specimens from submandibular glands.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1991

Child neglect followed by marked thymic involution and fatal systemic pseudomonas infection.

The case of a 9-month-old baby girl who failed to develop normally due to nutritional neglect and secondary immunodeficiency characterized by marked thymic involution is reported. The child died of systemic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infection manifested in pneumonia, lung abscesses, bacterial endocarditis and ecthyma gangrenosum. At autopsy the child was 64 cm in height (normal for a 4- to 5-month-old child) and 5.1 kg in weight (normal for a 2- to 3-month-old child). Multiple gangrenous ecthymas, consisting of deep ulcers, induration and inflammation, were observed in the skin over the entire body. The lungs showed hemorrhagic pneumonia, multiple lung abscesses, and necrotizing arteritis in the abscesses and surrounding areas. The thymus weighed 2.3 g and showed marked involution. Histological examination showed so-called nutritional thymectomy characterized by severe cortical atrophy and clustering, cystic dilation and amorphous changes of the Hassall's corpuscles. In the heart, dark brown verrucae were present at the attachment sites of the tendinous cords of the papillary muscle in the anterior and posterior cusps of the mitral valve, suggesting infectious endocarditis. Bacteriological examination demonstrated P. aeruginosa in the ecthymas, lung abscesses and blood. As primary immunodeficiency was considered unlikely, immunodeficiency secondary to thymic involution following malnutrition seemed to have led to a fatal systemic infection with P. aeruginosa, whose virulence is generally weak. This suggests a close association of the development of such infection and immunodeficiency with child neglect.

Child Abuse↗
PubMed1991

Expression of glycoprotein hormones and intracytoplasmic distribution of cytokeratin in growth hormone-producing pituitary adenomas.

Sixteen growth hormone (GH)-producing pituitary adenomas were studied for the expression of glycoprotein hormone subunits and cytokeratin by light microscopic immunohistochemistry. Cytokeratin immunoreactivity was demonstrated in all adenomas, but its intracytoplasmic distribution showed two distinct patterns; a prominent, dot-like pattern and a diffuse, perinuclear pattern. Seven adenomas (type 1) were exclusively composed of cells with cytokeratin in a dot-like pattern, whereas 9 adenomas (type 2) comprised of cells with cytokeratin of perinuclear distribution. The expression of alpha-subunit of glycoprotein hormone was significantly different between the two types of adenomas; 8 of 9 adenomas of type 2 contained many alpha-subunit immunoreactive cells but none of type 1 adenomas showed any immunoreactivity. Only a small number of adenoma cells were positive for beta-subunit of thyrotropin stimulating hormone in 3 adenomas of type 2. beta-subunits of follicle stimulation hormone and luteinizing hormone were negative in all adenomas. These findings suggest that the expression of glycoprotein hormone subunits in GH-producing adenomas may be closely linked to their types distinguishable by the cytokeratin distribution pattern.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

Thermostable phenylalanine dehydrogenase of Thermoactinomyces intermedius: cloning, expression, and sequencing of its gene.

The gene encoding the thermostable phenylalanine dehydrogenase [EC 1.4.1.-] of a thermophile, Thermoactinomyces intermedius, was cloned and its complete DNA sequence was determined. The phenylalanine dehydrogenase gene (pdh) consists of 1,098 nucleotides and encodes 366 amino acid residues corresponding to the subunit (Mr 41,000) of the hexameric enzyme. The amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the pdh gene of T. intermedius was 56.0 and 42.1% homologous to those of the phenylalanine dehydrogenases of Bacillus sphaericus and Sporosarcina ureae, respectively. It shows 47.5% homology to that of the thermostable leucine dehydrogenase from B. stearothermophilus. The pdh gene was highly expressed in E. coli JM109, the amount of phenylalanine dehydrogenase produced amounting up to about 8.3% of that of the total soluble protein. We purified the enzyme to homogeneity from transformant cells in a day, with a 58% recovery.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1991

Sugar-Dependent Expression of the CHS-A Gene for Chalcone Synthase from Petunia in Transgenic Arabidopsis.

Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants were constructed by introduction of a fusion of the gene for beta-glucuronidase (GUS) to the CHS-A gene, which is one of the two genes for chalcone synthase that are actively expressed in the floral organs of petunia. The expression of the fusion gene CHS-A::GUS was low in transgenic Arabidopsis plantlets, but it was enhanced when plantlets or detached leaves were transferred to a medium that contained 0.3 molar sucrose, glucose, or fructose. No enhancement was observed when plantlets were transferred to a medium that contained 0.3 molar mannitol. Measurements of cellular levels of sugars revealed a tight linkage between the level of expression of the CHS-A::GUS gene and the level of accumulation of exogenously supplied sugars, in particular sucrose. The parallelism between the organ-specific accumulation of sugar and the organ-specific expression of the CHS-A::GUS gene was also observed in petunia and A. thaliana plants grown under normal conditions in soil. The consensus sequences for sugar responses, such as boxes II and III in members of the family of sporamin genes from the sweet potato, were found in the promoter region of the CHS-A gene that was used for fusion to the GUS gene. It is suggested that the expression of the CHS-A gene is regulated by sugars, as is the expression of other sugar-responsive genes, such as the genes for sporamin. A putative common mechanism for the control of expression of "sugar-related" genes, including the CHS-A gene, is discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

Protein binding of cefpiramide in the plasma of various species.

The plasma protein binding of cefpiramide in man, dog, rabbit and rat was examined. Cefpiramide was more strongly bound to human plasma than to animal plasma and was exclusively bound to albumin. The characteristics of the protein binding of cefpiramide is one of the factors influencing the extrapolation of drug disposition from animals to man.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Distribution, purification, and characterization of thermostable phenylalanine dehydrogenase from thermophilic actinomycetes.

Phenylalanine dehydrogenase (L-phenylalanine:NAD oxidoreductase, deaminating; EC 1.4.1.-) was found in various thermophilic actinomycetes. We purified the enzyme to homogeneity from Thermoactinomyces intermedius IFO 14230 by heat treatment and by Red Sepharose 4B, DEAE-Toyopearl, Sepharose CL-4B, and Sephadex G-100 chromatographies with a 13% yield. The relative molecular weight of the native enzyme was estimated to be about 270,000 by gel filtration. The enzyme consists of six subunits identical in molecular weight (41,000) and is highly thermostable: it is not inactivated by incubation at pH 7.2 and 70 degrees C for at least 60 min or in the range of pH 5 to 10.8 at 50 degrees C for 10 min. The enzyme preferably acts on L-phenylalanine and its 2-oxo analog, phenylpyruvate, in the presence of NAD and NADH, respectively. Initial velocity and product inhibition studies showed that the oxidative deamination proceeds through a sequential ordered binary-ternary mechanism. The Km values for L-phenylalanine, NAD, phenylpyruvate, NADH, and ammonia were 0.22, 0.078, 0.045, 0.025, and 106 mM, respectively. The pro-S hydrogen at C-4 of the dihydronicotinamide ring of NADH was exclusively transferred to the substrate.

Actinomycetales↗