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Biomedical subjects

T Ohno

Publications and source records attributed to T Ohno.

At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of blood pressure in the progression of microalbuminuria in elderly Japanese type 2 diabetic patients: a 7-year follow-up study.

This 7-year retrospective longitudinal study was carried out in order to clarify the clinical features of elderly type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. Elderly Japanese type 2 diabetic patients (n = 22; age 50 - 73 years) with microalbuminuria were studied retrospectively. Patients whose urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) decreased 7 years were considered 'nonprogressors' (n = 8) whereas those whose UAER increased were considered 'progressors' (n = 14). The mean 7-year level of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) did not differ significantly between non-progressors and progressors but the mean 7-year blood pressure (BP) of progressors (101 +/- 8 mmHg) was significantly higher than that of non-progressors (92 +/- 7 mmHg). In progressors who received no anti-hypertensive drugs, systolic BP was above the BP goal of 130/85 mmHg but mean BP and diastolic BP were below this goal. The results are consistent with the view that hypertension affects the progression of microalbuminuria; raised systolic BP may be a factor in this progression in elderly type 2 diabetic patients.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recurrent pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

We report a case of recurrent pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A 51-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of lumbago and general fatigue, with multiple ulcers on the soles of his feet. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from peripheral blood and the foot ulcers, and 67Gallium scintigram showed abnormal isotope uptake, accumulated at the lower thoracic spine. Antibiotics were administered and the patient underwent intensive insulin therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), performed after the levels of C-reactive protein decreased to 0.0 mg/dl, indicated old inflammatory changes at the Th8-Th9 spine and antibiotics were stopped. Unexpectedly, 8 days later the patient complained of lumbago with fever again, and MRI showed acute inflammatory changes at the same lesion site. This case report suggests that it is important for complementary antibiotic therapy to continue after signs of inflammation have disappeared in cases of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and polyneuropathy in type 2 diabetes without macroalbuminuria.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism is thought to be a potent risk factor for nephropathy and retinopathy in diabetes. We investigated the association between polyneuropathy and gene polymorphisms of both the ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) and angiotensinogen (AGT) M235T genes in 84 type 2 diabetic patients without macroalbuminuria (21 with polyneuropathy and 63 without). ACE genotype distribution did not differ significantly between patients with and without polyneuropathy, but the frequency of the I allele was significantly higher in those with polyneuropathy than in those without. In contrast, neither the genotype distribution nor the allele frequencies of the AGT gene differed between the two groups. In logistic regression analysis using a D-additive model, the D allele had a protective effect on polyneuropathy (odds ratio [OR], 0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13-0.88). A D-dominant model hypothesis also gave a significant OR (0.28; 95% CI, 0.09-0.90). ACE I/D polymorphism, but not AGT M235T polymorphism, may affect polyneuropathy development in type 2 diabetes without macroalbuminuria.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism as a potent risk factor for developing microalbuminuria in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 9-year follow-up study.

To clarify the risk factors for developing microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, a longitudinal observational study was performed. Fifty patients with normoalbuminuria were recruited and treated conventionally for 9 years. Polymorphisms of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene and the angiotensinogen M235T polymorphism were examined. During the study period, 12 of the 50 patients developed microalbuminuria; no patients progressed to macroalbuminuria. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed using age, duration of diabetes, body mass index, haemoglobin A1c' blood pressure, serum lipid profile and genetic polymorphisms as independent variables and development of microalbuminuria as the dependent variable. The D allele of the ACE gene was an independent and significant variable. We conclude that the ACE gene D allele polymorphism is a potent risk factor for developing microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of the circulating lung cancer marker LCAP with a new monoclonal antibody TRD-L1.

Lung Cancer Associated Protein (LCAP) is a high molecular weight glycoprotein defined by the monoclonal antibody (MAb) DF-L1 prepared against a primary adenocarcinoma of the lung. Previous studies have demonstrated that LCAP circulates at elevated levels in patients with lung cancer. However, a suitable assay for monitoring LCAP levels has not been available. The present work describes the development of a double-determinant LCAP assay using MAb TRD-L1 as the capture antibody and MAb DF-L1 as the tracer. In 60 normal subjects, the mean LCAP level was 4.8 U/ml with 2 (3.3%) subjects having values > 12 U/ml (mean + 2SDS). By contrast, 37 of 67 (55.2%) patients with lung cancer had LCAP levels > 12 U/ml. Moreover, only 14 of 203 (6.9%) patients with benign lung disease had elevated levels. LCAP levels were most commonly elevated (62.7%) in patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung and with advanced disease. These results indicate that LCAP as detected by MAb TRD-L1 is a potentially useful marker for the evaluation of patients with lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oxidation of phenolic acid derivatives by soil and its relevance to allelopathic activity.

Previous studies have suggested that phenolic acids from legume green manures may contribute to weed control through allelopathy. The objectives of this study were to investigate the oxidation reactions of phenolic acids in soil and to determine the subsequent effects of oxidation upon phytotoxicity. Soils were reacted for 18 h with 0.25 mmol L(-1) benzoic and cinnamic acid derivative solutions and Mn release from the suspension was used as a marker for phenolic acid oxidation. The extent of oxidation in soil suspensions was in the order of 3,4dihydroxy- > 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy- > 4-hydroxy-approximately 2-hydroxy-substituted benzoic and cinnamic acids. The same ranking was observed for cyclic voltammetry peak currents of the cinnamic acid derivatives. This suggests that the oxidation of phenolic acids is controlled by the electron transfer step from the sorbed phenolic acid to the metal oxide. A bioassay experiment showed that the 4-hydroxy-, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-, and 3,4-dihydroxy-substituted cinnamic acids were bioactive at 0.25 mmol L(-1) concentration. Reaction with soil for 18 h resulted in the elimination of bioactivity of these three cinnamic acids at the 5% significance level. The oxidative reactivity of phenolic acids may limit the potential of allelopathy as a component of an integrated weed management system. However, the initial phytotoxicity after soil incorporation may coincide with the early, critical stage of weed emergence and establishment, so that allelopathic phenolic acids may still play a role in weed management despite their reactivity in soil systems.

Agriculture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A simplified technique for freezing human sperm for AIH: cryosyringe/floating platform of liquid nitrogen vapor.

A cryosyringe and floating platform were developed to simplify the procedures for human sperm cryopreservation without sacrificing post-thaw sperm quality. The cryosyringe was developed as a vessel for cryopreservation and as a device for post-thaw insemination. A platform-like polystyrene foam board 3-cm in height was floated on the surface of liquid nitrogen in a polystyrene foam freezing container. The cryosyringe containing sperm/KS-II medium mixture was placed on it for 5 min, then it was dropped into the liquid nitrogen. Freezing velocity was -27 degrees C/min. Poor quality semen specimens (40 +/- 14 x 10(6)/ml, 18 +/- 2.6% motility, n = 9) were concentrated (87 +/- 46 x 10(6)/nl, 29 +/- 9.1%) previously and then cryopreserved in the cryosyringe or in a commercial tuberculin syringe under the conditions established in the present study. The post-thaw sperm motility of the specimens in the cryosyringe (18 +/- 7.4%) was significantly superior (p less than 0.05) to that in the commercial tuberculin syringe (13 +/- 5.3% motility).

Cryopreservation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrastructural study of a perineurioma.

A case of soft tissue tumor in the left brachialis muscle of a 49-year-old Japanese female patient was studied by electron microscopy. The tumor was diagnosed as intramuscular myxoma by light microscopy, but electron microscopic observation revealed that the tumor almost entirely consisted of cells similar to normal perineurial cells. The tumor cells possessed long, slender cytoplasmic processes covered by well-developed but discontinuous basal laminae, clusters of pinocytotic vesicles, and infrequent intercellular junctions. Perineurial cells have also been observed in other peripheral nerve lesions: neurofibromas, nerve sheath myxomas, and localized hypertrophic neuropathies. However, the term "perineurioma" or "perineurial cell tumor" should be reserved for discrete tumorous masses that are almost entirely composed of perineurial cells without evidence of residual axons, Schwann cells, fibroblasts, or tactile corpusclelike structures. Perineurioma may represent a third category of peripheral nerve sheath tumors, ultrastructurally distinct from schwannomas and neurofibromas.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Smooth tubular aggregates associated with plasmalemmal invagination in alveolar soft part sarcoma.

The ultrastructure of four alveolar soft part sarcomas was examined to search for ultrastructural signs of myogenic or neural origin. A new ultrastructural structure, an unusual tubular structure, was found in two of four cases. The structure appeared as a large, smooth, tubular aggregate in the cytoplasm of some tumor cells but did not show a honeycomb arrangement of tubules. The aggregate was composed of long, serpentine, branching, smooth, irregularly arranged tubules without ribosomes that ran in various directions. The aggregates intermingled with small amounts of cytoplasmic organelles. Because the aggregated tubules were at times continuous with cell membranes, it was shown that they were the complex extensions or invaginations of cell membranes. Neither myelin-axon complexes nor myofilaments, including Z band material, were seen in any case. There was a possibility that the smooth tubular aggregate was a T-tubule-like structure, suggesting that the tumors were derived from skeletal muscle cells.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Viral behavior of paracrystalline inclusions in osteoclasts of Paget's disease of bone.

Fresh tissues from six patients with Paget's disease of bone were examined ultrastructurally to investigate whether the characteristic paracrystalline inclusions in pagetic osteoclasts revealed viral behavior. These inclusions appeared as microfilamentous aggregates in both nuclei and cytoplasm of the osteoclasts in all six cases. The filamentous elements of the inclusions with a diameter of 11-15 nm showed tubular structures with a central electron-lucent zone measuring 5-7 nm in diameter. Viral budding-like structures containing these inclusions were found at the peripheral cytoplasm or cell processes in the ruffled border of some pagetic osteoclasts in two cases. The inclusions in the budding-like structures were often arrayed in a parallel fashion on the cytoplasmic side of the cell membranes of extruded cytoplasm or cell processes. Virion-like particles were also found in the extracellular spaces of the ruffled border. Marked nuclear degeneration was often seen in pagetic osteoclasts of three cases, although other nuclei in the same osteoclasts appeared normal. The degenerated nuclei showed nuclear ring formation where destroyed nuclear membranes were seen and disappearance of nuclear matrices was noted. Since the modifications were always associated with the accumulation of abundant inclusions, they were probably caused by the inclusions. These findings suggested that the inclusions showed viral behavior in pagetic osteoclasts, and that the nuclear modifications were caused by virus infection.

Crystallization↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lack of evidence for expression of Fas ligand in Fas-bearing tumors.

Interaction of Fas and its ligand plays an important role in the cell death by means of apoptosis in a variety of cell types. We recently demonstrated the frequent expression of Fas in female reproductive tract tumors, which prompted us to examine the local production of Fas ligand by the Fas-bearing tumors. Human endometrial and ovarian carcinomas, surgically removed, were studied. No expression of Fas ligand messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) as assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using oligonucleotide primers according to published sequences were observed; Fas ligand mRNA was detected in lymphocytes. Immunoblotting of membrane proteins with the specific antibody failed to demonstrate any substantial level of immunoreactive Fas ligand in these tumors. The results for both mRNA expression and immunoreactivity suggest that human ovarian and endometrial carcinomas lack the Fas ligand. The demonstration of absence of Fas ligand expression raises the possibility that the stimulated proliferation of the Fas ligand-absent tumors may occurs by release of Fas-Fas ligand system-associated apoptosis.

Apoptosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Potential role of heparin in prevention of liver metastasis from colon cancer.

The case of a 59 year-old man with sigmoid colon cancer and synchronous liver metastases is described in this report. Sigmoid colectomy and partial hepatectomy were performed, and hepatic arterial cannulation was done for prevention of hepatic recurrence. Heparin was injected to prevent catheter-related clots, and no anticancer drugs were used. He did well without signs of recurrence for 5 years after the initial operation. After we stopped the heparin administration, recurrence was detected in the liver. The patient underwent repeat hepatectomy, and he is now doing well without recurrence 2 years after the second operation. The clinical course of this case suggests that heparin may prevent liver metastasis of colorectal cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of a syngenic brain-tumor model resistant to chloroethyl-nitrosourea using a methylguanine DNA methyltransferase cDNA.

Chloroethyl-nitrosourea (CENU) is one of the most potent chemotherapeutic agents for brain tumors. However, acquired resistance to this drug has become a serious problem in the treatment of brain tumor patients. The main mechanism of the resistance is a recruitment of the O6-methylguanine-DNA- methyltransferase (MGMT) in tumor cells. Many approaches, including treatment with enzyme-depletions, antibodies, antisenses, and a ribozyme, have been reported to successfully overcome the resistance. In order to evaluate these approaches properly, we designed a syngenic rat brain-tumor model resistant to CENU. The 9L rat gliosarcoma cells were retrovirally transduced with MGMT cDNA and stereotactically implanted into the brain parenchyma. In this model, rats inoculated with resistant cells died significantly earlier than did rats with control cells after treatment with CENU. Because of the limited intracranial space, the animals presented a restricted survival. Since the survival was sensitive and reproducible, this system may have a role in the evaluation of approaches to drug-resistant brain-tumors.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Postoperative complications of repeat hepatectomy for liver metastasis from colorectal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: When a repeat hepatectomy is possible, it is the most effective treatment modality for recurrent colorectal liver metastasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical risks of repeat hepatectomy for liver metastasis from colorectal carcinoma. METHODOLOGY: Between 1986 and 1996, 60 patients with hepatic metastasis from colorectal carcinoma underwent surgery in the Department of Surgery I, Oita Medical University. Ten of them underwent a repeat hepatectomy. The cases of these 10 patients were studied retrospectively; in particular, postoperative complications and intraoperative blood loss were compared between the initial and second operation. RESULTS: During the second surgery, recurrence was detected adjacent to the hepatic stump in 9 of the 10 patients. During the initial surgery, 6 underwent non-anatomic resections, and 4 had anatomic resection, including 1 extended lobectomy, 1 lobectomy, and 2 segmentectomies. For the second surgery, 3 had anatomic resections, including 2 lobectomies, and 1 segmentectomy, and 7 underwent non-anatomic resections. There were no mortalities during the initial or second operation. There was no morbidity following the initial surgeries and 7 postoperative complications (intraabdominal abscess, 4 cases; biloma, 3 cases) following the second surgeries. Mean blood loss during the second operation (1044 mL) was significantly greater than during the initial operation (561 mL). CONCLUSIONS: The present results show that repeat hepatectomy for recurrent liver metastasis from colorectal carcinoma resulted in significantly greater intraoperative blood loss and postoperative complications than those of the initial surgeries. The blood loss and complications in the second operation, the one for the recurrence, were directly associated with the fact that the recurrence was so close to the hepatic stump. Since the resection line in the second surgery was adjacent to the hepatic hilus, resection of the lesion caused much more injury to the main bile duct and main portal vein than that caused by the.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Concentration-dependent variable effects of etoposide on the cell cycle of CML cells.

BACKGROUND: Etoposide, a DNA-topoisomerase II inhibitor, is used for a broad spectrum of cancers with various therapeutic strategies. But the molecular mechanisms of its concentration-dependent effects are not clearly defined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells were treated with low (5 microM) or high (100 microM) concentrations of this drug and the changes of cell cycle progression, expression of cell cycle regulating genes and cyclin B1-dependent histone H1 kinase activity were studied. RESULTS: In the presence of 5 microM etoposide, K562 cells continued to synthesize DNA and most cells showed progress into G2 phase until 24 hours. In contrast, 100 microM etoposide rapidly inhibited DNA synthesis by around 6 hours and most cells remained in their initial phase, while the incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine was partially resumed from 12 hours. The histone H1 kinase activity was only down-regulated in the early phase of 100 microM treated cells. Among the cell cycle controlling genes, c-Myc and P21Cip1/WAF1 showed impressive responses to the two etoposide concentrations. At 100 microM, c-Myc protein rapidly vanished at 3 hours, while p21Cip1/WAF1 was inversely induced from 3 hours. These changes were also observed at 5 microM, but they occurred slowly and weakly. CONCLUSION: The present findings indicate that two concentrations of etoposide functioned as an anticancer agent through modulating the genes related in cell cycle progression. Differing responses of c-Myc and p21Cip1/WAF1 at two concentrations may govern the antiproliferative effects of etoposide.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication using laparosonic coagulating shears: report of a case.

A 64-year-old man was admitted to Gunma University Hospital because of gastroesophageal reflux disease and hiatus hernia. Endoscopic examination showed a linear ulcer and mucosal redness in the lower esophagus. Gastrointestinal contrast study revealed a large esophageal hiatal sliding hernia. Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication was then performed. Short gastric vessels were divided and lesser omentum was ablated with laparosonic coagulating shears, and the fundus of the stomach was used to construct the wrap around the esophagus. Three hundred and sixty degree fundoplication was undertaken using four sutures to secure the wrap. The patient is well and is currently free from reflux symptoms. Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication is effective in the control of gastroesophageal reflux in the patient with hiatus hernia. This case report demonstrates that the use of laparosonic coagulating shears is effective for the division of the short gastric vessels.

Cautery↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antitumor effect of immunizations with fusions of dendritic and glioma cells in a mouse brain tumor model.

The authors studied antitumor immunity conferred by fusions of dendritic and glioma cells in a mouse brain tumor model. Previous immunization with fusion cells (FCs) prevented tumor formation on challenge with glioma cells in the flank or in the brain. Efficacy was decreased when studies were performed in mice depleted of CD8+ cells. In a treatment model, FCs were injected subcutaneously after tumor development in the brain. The administration of FCs alone had limited effects on survival of mice bearing brain tumors. Importantly, however, administration of FCs and recombinant interleukin-12 (rIL-12) remarkably prolonged the survival of mice with brain tumors. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity against glioma cells from immunized mice was also stimulated by coadministration of FCs and rIL-12 compared with that obtained with FCs or rIL-12 alone. These data support the therapeutic efficacy of combining FC-based vaccine therapy and rIL-12.

Animals↗