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Biomedical subjects

T Ohno

Publications and source records attributed to T Ohno.

At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Determination of trace metals in biological materials by iodides extraction and atomic absorption spectrometry].

Extraction of arsenic, mercury, gold, silver, antimony, indium, bismuth, tellurium, cadmium, zinc and copper iodides with methylisobutylketone was examined in the sulfuric acid of concentrations from 0 to 15 normalities. Although, arsenic and zinc iodides were extracted from 6 to 12 normalities, extraction of other metal-iodides were carried out in more wide range of sulfuric acid concentrations almost from 2 to 12 normalities. Iron, sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium iodides, these, being chief biological elements of inorganic substances, were not extracted in the least into methylisobutylketone layer from sulfuric acid solution. Copper and zinc were normal elements of biological materials and were extracted into methylisobutylketone layer by this procedures. The flame interferences of copper and zinc were not recognized in determinations of gold, silver, antimony, indium, bismuth, tellurium and cadmium. To investigate the influences of biological elements, mock solutions of human blood and urine were prepared. The addition of mock blood does not excessively interfere with determinations of arsenic, mercury, indium, bismuth, tellurium, cadmium, silver and antimony with the exception of gold. However, with addition of mock urine negative interferences were strongly seen in antimony determination, while in mercury, indium and silver determinations only slight interferences were observed. To examine the influences of sample preparation techniques, gold, silver, indium, cadmium and copper were treated both by wet ashing (nitric acid and sulfuric acid) and dry ashing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antimony↗
PubMed1983

Noradrenaline-induced secretions of pancreatic hormones in cold- and heat-acclimated rats.

Effects of noradrenaline on the portal and aortic plasma pancreatic hormone concentrations were studied in the cold- and heat-acclimated rats in order to know possible roles of these hormones in temperature acclimation. Noradrenaline (NA) infusion (2 micrograms/min, i.v., 30 min) effected greater elevation of colonic temperature (Tc) in the cold-acclimated rats (CA) than in the warm controls (WC), and did not influence Tc in the heat-acclimated rats (HA) under hexobarbital anesthesia. Portal and aortic glucagon levels increased in the NA-infused CA and HA, but no changes were observed in the NA-infused WC. NA-infusion did not affect the portal and aortic insulin levels in WC and CA, but increased aortic insulin level in HA. Aortic glycerol and free fatty acid (FFA) levels increased in all NA-infused groups. Portal and jugular vein FFA levels increased in NA-infused WC, but did not in NA-infused CA and HA. Neither NA infusion, nor glucagon was related to the elevation of Tc in HA. These results suggest that temperature acclimation modifies a glucagon-releasing action of NA and the NA-released glucagon could cooperate with NA to enhance nonshivering thermogenesis in the cold.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1983

[Anti-ulcerogenic and cytoprotective effects of trimoprostil (Ro 21-6937), a trimethylprostaglandin E2 derivative].

Anti-ulcerogenic effects of trimoprostil, a prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) derivative, were studied in comparison with those of PGE2, cimetidine and sulpiride. Trimoprostil and PGE2 given p.o. prevented the formation of gastric lesions produced by absolute ethanol, 0.2N NaOH, 0.6N HCI and hypertonic NaCl solutions in rats and aspirin-induced fecal occult bleeding in dogs. Although both prostaglandins did not alter the gastric mucus content, they equivalently prevented the stress-induced decrease in the mucus content in rats. The duration of these effects of trimoprostil was longer than those of PGE2. Cimetidine and sulpiride did not exert such cytoprotective effects. Trimoprostil inhibited stress-induced gastric ulcer formation in rats more markedly than PGE2, cimetidine and sulpiride. Trimoprostil and PGE2 at the cytoprotective dose (30 micrograms/kg, p.o.) did not change the gastric blood flow in conscious rats. In Shay rats, trimoprostil at doses larger than the cytoprotective doses inhibited the gastric acid secretion when given p.o., but was not effective when given i.d. PGE2 exerted the similar action, but the potency was clearly weaker than that of trimoprostil. In Heidenhain-pouch dogs, trimoprostil also inhibited the gastric acid secretion stimulated by pentagastrin more markedly than did cimetidine. In conclusion, trimoprostil at doses smaller than the antisecretory doses exerted gastric cytoprotective action with a longer duration than that of PGE2, probably through the preservation of the mucus barrier. Such cytoprotection was not found with cimetidine and sulpiride.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Long-term follow-up of surgical patients with ischemic heart disease].

Long-term follow-up of a consecutive 333 patients who underwent coronary artery operations from 1974 through December of 1982 is reported. The surgical procedures in this series consisted of aortocoronary bypass grafting for angina pectoris in 269 patients (Group I), various operations for myocardial infarction and its mechanical complications in 44 patients (Group II), and combined operative procedures in 20 patients (Group III). The 5 year survival rate of Group I, Group II and Group III were 92.9% 72.7% and 80% respectively. Nine out of 14 late deaths in the whole group were not related cardiac deaths. Sixty eight patients with aorto coronary bypass grafting were asymptomatic and 27% were less symptomatic in the long term periods. The postoperative study indicates that aorto coronary bypass grafting increased coronary blood flow estimated by regional coronary venous flow associated with improvement of left ventricular function and myocardial metabolism resulting in so called "better quality of life". The successful aorto-coronary bypass grafting prevented the incidence of myocardial infarction at the time of subsequent combined vascular or malignant operation in the same individuals. Although the early death was somewhat high in the patients with acute myocardial infarction, the patients who survived the operation had the satisfactory long term results.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Visualization of peripheral left coronary aneurysms in Kawasaki disease by subcostal two-dimensional echocardiography].

Our previous study provided a new two-dimensional echocardiographic technique for detecting peripheral "right" coronary artery aneurysms in Kawasaki disease using a subcostal approach. In the present paper, we presented an additional study for detecting peripheral "left" coronary artery aneurysms. Because the left anterior descending artery runs along the anterior interventricular sulcus and the left circumflex artery around the mitral valve ring, both coronary regions are difficult to search by a conventional method. Then coronary aneurysms of these regions were searched using the subcostal approach in this study. First, the sector beam was directed toward the heart on a plane parallel to a line between the patient's shoulders which allowed simultaneous visualization of four chambers (P1). The area around the mitral valve ring in this plane was examined for coronary aneurysms of the peripheral left circumflex artery. Secondary, the beam section was positioned parallel to the line cutting both the long axes of the sternum and spinal column which allowed visualization of the right ventricular outflow tract, pulmonary valves, interventricular septum, mitral valves and left atrium (P2). Thirdly, the sector plane was angled to the left (P3), and still more to the left (P4) until the left atrium just disappeared. By scanning from P2 to P4, the area around the mitral valve ring was examined for coronary aneurysms of the peripheral left circumflex artery. By scanning from P4 to the cardiac apex (P5), the anterior interventricular sulcus was searched for coronary aneurysms of the peripheral left anterior descending artery. Of 143 patients with Kawasaki disease, aged two months to 8 years, 7 peripheral left coronary aneurysms were visualized in five patients. These were three aneurysms in the left circumflex artery at the origin of the obtuse marginal artery, two aneurysms in segment 13, and two aneurysms in the left anterior descending artery at the origin of the second diagonal branch. These echocardiographic features coincided well in size, shape and anatomic location with angiographic appearances. In one patient whose echocardiogram in sector P2 showed a small echo-free space (2 X 2 mm) at the area around the mitral valve ring, the angiographic study showed the intact left circumflex artery, suggesting that there was a limitation to distinguish a very small coronary aneurysm from a normal one. There was no false negative diagnosis. These results showed that this new echocardiographic technique is useful for detecting peripheral left coronary aneurysms in patients with Kawasaki disease.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1982

Nucleotide sequence of the 30K protein cistron of cowpea strain of tobacco mosaic virus.

The nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNA copies of cowpea strain of tobacco mosaic virus RNA including the 30K protein cistron was determined. The 30K protein cistron was located at residue 676-1,527 from the 3' end of the genomic RNA. The 30K protein was composed of 282 amino acid residues and was basic, similar to the 30K protein of common strain OM. However, homology of the amino acid sequences between the two strains was only 27%.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1982

Mapping of the neural activity in the cerebellum of the mouse during stepping by means of 2-deoxyglucose autoradiography.

Incorporation of radioactive 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) into the cerebellum of mice which were resting in a cage or stepping on a treadmill was examined by means of autoradiography. In the cerebellum of the mouse resting in the cage, a large amount of 2-DG was incorporated into the posterior vermis, the flocculus, cerebellar nuclei and vestibular nuclei. On the other hand, during stepping, incorporation of 2-DG was increased remarkably in the anterior vermis, the pyramis, the anterior part of the ansiform lobule and the paraflcculus, indicating that these regions are functionally involved in locomotor movements.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Determination of tripamide and its metabolites in plasma, red blood cells and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography.

A procedure for the determination of tripamide and its hydroxylated metabolites in plasma, red blood cells and urine by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography is described. The concentrations in red blood cells showed a monophasic decline and the half-life was 9.5 h. The concentration in red blood cells was markedly higher than that in plasma, showing that 95-98% of the drug is present in whole blood, after a dose of tripamide (90 mg) in man. The specificity and sensitivity of this procedure appear to be satisfactory for pharmacokinetic studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Role of endocrine pancreas in temperature acclimation.

Role of endocrine pancreas in temperature acclimation in rats was investigated. Plasma glucagon level increased and insulin level decreased in cold-acclimated rats (CA). The reverse was observed in heat-acclimated rats (HA). In the pancreas there were no changes in glucagon and insulin in CA, but a decrease in glucagon and an increase in insulin were found in HA. Plasma insulin/glucagon molar ratio (I/G) declined in CA and rose in HA. Pancreatic I/G rose in HA. Acute cold exposure elevated plasma glucagon, but did not effect plasma insulin. Pancreatic glucagon, insulin and I/G were not influenced by acute cold exposure, while plasma I/G decreased. Plasma I/G was inversely correlated with both blood free fatty acids and glucose levels. These results suggest that endocrine pancreas is closely associated with metabolic acclimation to cold and heat through its regulation of the metabolic direction to catabolic phase in cold acclimation and to anabolic phase in heat acclimation.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1982

Concentration of mast-cell progenitors in bone marrow, spleen, and blood of mice determined by limiting dilution analysis.

When hematopoietic cells of congenic +/+ mice were injected into the skin of genetically mast-cell-depleted (WB X C57BL/6)F1-W/Wv mice, mast cells appeared at the injection site. The donor origin of developing mast cells was confirmed by using giant granules of C57BL/6-bgl/bgl mice as a marker. When the number of injected cells was decreased, the proportion of injection sites at which mast cells did not appear increased according to the expected frequency of null response in a Poisson distribution. Therefore, such proportions were used to calculate the concentration of mast-cell precursors in the bone marrow, spleen, and peripheral blood. The relative concentration of mast-cell precursors in these tissues was similar to that of spleen-colony-forming cells. The present method seems useful as a semiquantitative in vivo assay for a population of progenitor cells which are committed to differentiate into mast cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Depolarizing IPSPs and Depolarization by GABA of rat neostriatum cells in vitro.

In neostriatal slices pretreated with sodium pentobarbital (100 microM) and 4-aminopyridine (50 microM), intrastriatal stimulation elicited EPSPs followed by a slowly decaying depolarization which lasted about 200 ms and was associated with a membrane conductance increase and a suppression of spike potentials. This depolarizing inhibitory synaptic action could be blocked by picrotoxin (50 microM) or bicuculline (50 microM). The reversal potential for the slowly decaying depolarization was -57 to -62 mV, i.e. it was positive with respect to the resting membrane potential (mean = -67 mV). GABA, injected into the tissue in the vicinity of the recording electrode by pressure application, or added to the perfusate (10 microM -1 mM), depolarized the cells and reduced both the membrane resistance and the amplitude of EPSPs. The reversal potential of GABA depolarization was found in a potential range approximating that of the slowing decaying depolarization. These results are compatible with the assumption that GABA is the transmitter of an intrinsic inhibition in rat neostriatum, but indicate that GABA-mediated IPSPs of neostriatal cells in vitro are depolarizing at the resting membrane potential. The possible reasons for this are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effect of acetylcholine and new cholinergic derivative on amylase output, insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin secretions from perfused isolated rat pancreas.

The effect of infused acetylcholine and (2-acetyllactoyloxyethyl)-trimethylammonium hemi-1,5-naphthalenedisulfonate (aclatonium napadisilate), a new cholinergic drug . On endocrine and exocrine secretory responses was simultaneously investigated during the perfusion of isolated rat pancreases. Acetylcholine (1.1 microM) stimulated the output of pancreatic juice and amylase, and significantly elicited the production of both insulin and glucagon. Its effect on somatostatin secretion, however, was minimal. Both pancreatic juice flow and amylase output were also significantly stimulated by aclatonium napadisilate (12 microM). These stimulatory effects of aclatonium napadisilate on the exocrine pancreas were blocked by atropine (25 microM). Aclatonium napadisilate could stimulate glucagon, but could not influence insulin and somatostatin secretion. The addition of atropine had no effect on the release of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin. These results indicate that the effects of aclatonium napadisilate is cholinergic, and that the action is muscarinic. In addition, it can be concluded that pancreatic somatostatin secretion, as well as other hormones from islet cells, is controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1982

Nucleotide sequence and its character of cistron coding for the 30 K protein of tobacco mosaic virus (OM strain).

The nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNA copies of the common strain of tobacco mosaic virus RNA corresponding to the 2,000 nucleotides at the 3'-end was determined. The 30 K protein cistron was revealed to be located at residues 687-1,493 from the 3'-end. The 30 K protein is composed of 267 amino acids and is probably a basic protein. The 5' flanking regions of both the coat protein and the 30 K protein cistrons were very U-rich, and a homology was found between the sequence around the capping site of the coat protein mRNA and the sequence upstream from the 30 K protein cistron.

Base Sequence↗