Epidural abscess following septic arthritis in a rheumatoid patient. A case report.
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Abscess↗
Biomedical subjects
T Ohno
Publications and source records attributed to T Ohno.
Oligoclonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in Philadelphia chromosome-positive common acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
The occurrence of more than two rearranged bands of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) genes in B precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has recently been documented. To elucidate the nature of such leukemias, we studied 30 patients with common ALL, including 6 patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1)-positive ALL, by immunophenotyping and genotyping. In 10 of the 30, Southern blotting showed oligoclonal patterns of IgH gene arrangements, which were frequently detected in Ph1-positive ALL. In one patient of the 10, three rearranged bands of Ig kappa chain genes were detected. Ph1 abnormality and co-expression of myeloid associated antigens were found in 5 and 5 of the 10, respectively. Detection of multiple fragments of IgH genes would be suggestive of multipotent progenitor origin of these ALL.
Cloning, Molecular↗
Synergistic effect of radiation on N-2-fluorenylacetamide-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in male ACI/N rats.
The effect of radiation on chemical hepatocarcinogenesis was examined in 3 groups of male ACI/N rats. In Group I, 21 rats received dietary administration of N-2-fluorenylacetamide (FAA) (0.02%) for 16 weeks. Six of the rats were killed at the cessation of FAA exposure. The remaining rats were then given the basal diet until termination (32 weeks). In Group II, 16 rats were given FAA for 16 weeks. The animals were then given radiation (whole body; 3 Gy) and kept on the diet for the subsequent 16 weeks. Thirteen rats of Group III were kept on the basal diet throughout the experiment. They received radiation for 16 weeks after the start of the experiment. Liver tumors were obtained in Groups I and II. The multiplicity of the neoplastic nodules or hepatocellular carcinomas of Group II (6.5 +/- 2.5 or 1.4 +/- 0.9) was significantly greater than that of Group I (2.9 +/- 1.7 or 0.3 +/- 0.4, respectively) (P less than 0.001). Furthermore, the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma of Group II (13/16) was also significantly higher than that of Group I (4/15) (P less than 0.003). The results clearly indicate a synergistic effect of radiation with FAA on the hepatocarcinogenesis. The effect of radiation in this rat model appeared to be on the early progression of the carcinogenesis.
2-Acetylaminofluorene↗
Chloranil-photosensitized monomerization of dimethylthymine cyclobutane dimers and effect of magnesium perchlorate.
The photosensitized monomerization of the cyclobutane dimers of 1,3-dimethylthymine by p-chloranil was investigated by means of steady-state irradiation and laser-flash photolysis. Quantum yields for the monomerization are 0.34 for the cis,syn dimer, 0.39 for the trans,syn dimer, and much less than 10(-2) for the cis,anti isomer. Formation of the chloranil anion radical associated with quenching of triplet chloranil by the dimers demonstrates that electron transfer from dimers to triplet chloranil occurs to initiate the monomerization. Kinetic analysis suggested that the syn-dimer cation radicals undergo the ring cleavage at greater than or equal to 10(9) s-1 before escaping from the solvent cage, while the reactivity of the anti-dimer cation radical is very low. The different reactivities of the syn and anti dimer cation radicals are discussed in terms of through-bond coupling between the n orbitals of N(1) and N(1') involving the cyclobutane-ring sigma orbitals. In the cases of the syn-dimers, the sensitizer-dimer ion-radical pairs undergo the rapid geminate recombination that works as a major energy dissipating channel responsible for the lower-than-unity quantum yields. It has been found that the presence of Mg(ClO4)2 at 0.1 M enhances approximately 1.5 times either the monomerization of the syn dimers or the formation of the chloranil anion radical. A laser-flash photolysis study shows that Mg2+ forms a complex with either the triplet or the anion radical of chloranil. The net salt effects are attributed to the retardation of the rapid geminate recombination by the participation of Mg2+ in the sensitizer-dimer ion-radical pairs.
Chloranil↗
Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding arginine deiminase of Mycoplasma arginini.
The existence of a mycoplasmal arginine deiminase which catalyzes the conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline has been postulated. Here we show the partial amino acid sequence of arginine deiminase of Mycoplasma arginini and the complete nucleotide sequence of the arginine deiminase gene of M. arginini. The open reading frame deduced from this sequence consists of 1,230 bp encoding 410 amino acids. The mature form of this enzyme contains 409 amino acids after the deletion of the first methionine. In this open reading frame, TGA nonsense codons are used as tryptophan codons; this usage was verified by determination of the amino acid sequence. The molecular weight of the enzyme calculated from the deduced amino acid sequence is 46,372. Recently, the nucleotide sequence of the arginine deiminase gene of M. arginini was reported by Kondo et al. (K. Kondo, H. Sone, H. Yoshida, T. Toida, K. Kanatani, Y.-M. Hong N. Nishino, and J. Tanaka, Mol. Gen. Genet. 221:81-86, 1990). However, their sequence differed from ours in several places and especially at the C terminus.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Identification and purification of arginine deiminase that originated from Mycoplasma arginini.
A lymphocyte blastogenesis inhibitory factor, (LBIF), was purified from the culture supernatant of human histiocytic lymphoma U937 by fast protein liquid chromatography. In this study, we demonstrated, first, that LBIF originated from a mycoplasma, Mycoplasma arginini, infecting U937 cells, and second, that LBIF bore the arginine deiminase activity. The implication of in vivo immunosuppression induced by arginine-utilizing mycoplasma species is discussed.
Animals↗
Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency in male adolescence and adulthood.
A discrete deficiency of hepatic ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) was found in male patients who were 58, 46 and 17 years old. Each had developed hyperammonemic coma. The mother and a sister of the 17-year-old patient exhibited orotic aciduria either spontaneously or after protein loading, thus demonstrating heterozygosity. A sister of one other patient and a daughter of the third patient showed a smaller orotic aciduria after protein loading. These observations indicate that inherited deficiency of OTC should be included in the differential diagnosis of hyperammonemic states in adult male patients.
Adolescent↗
The effect of the follicular fluid adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate degradation rate on successful fertilization and cleavage of human oocytes.
Follicular fluid (FF) and oocytes were obtained from 19 women for in vitro fertilization. Ovulation was induced with clomiphene citrate and human menopausal gonadotropin. Thirty-seven FF samples containing mature oocyte-corona-cumulus complexes were used to measure steroids, gonadotropins, and cAMP. The FF specimens were divided into three groups: follicles yielding ova that were fertilized and cleaved (group A), follicles containing fertilized ova without further cleavage (group B), and follicles containing nonfertilized oocytes (group C). The FF levels of progesterone, 17 beta-estradiol, LH/hCG, and FSH did not differ significantly among the groups. Mean FF cAMP concentrations declined from 17.5 +/- 2.5 pmol/mL 15 min after follicle aspiration to 3.6 +/- 0.9 pmol/mL after 3 h. The initial FF cAMP concentration did not differ significantly among three groups. However, the cAMP degradation rate in group A (119 +/- 13 X 10(-4) pmol/min) was significantly greater than that in group B (62 +/- 10 X 10(-4) pmol/min) or group C (75 +/- 8 X 10(-4) pmol/min). In conclusion, an increased intrafollicular cAMP degradation rate was associated with successful fertilization and cleavage of human oocytes in vitro. These data suggest that the degradation rate of FF cAMP may be a marker of optimal follicular development and oocyte maturation.
Adult↗
Studies on cardiotonic agents. III. Synthesis of 1-[1-(6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinazolinyl)-4-piperidinyl]-3-substituted 2-imidazolidinone and 2-imidazolidinethione derivatives.
A series of 1-[1-(6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinazolinyl)-4-piperidinyl]-3-substituted 2-imidazolidinone and 2-imidazolidinethione derivatives was synthesized and examined for cardiotonic activity in anesthetized dogs. Alkylation of the 2-imidazolidinone (1) afforded the N-alkylated products, while alkylation of the 2-imidazolidinethione (12) afforded the S-alkylated derivatives accompanied with a small quantity of the N-alkylated products. The N-alkylated derivatives showed generally potent activity, and the S-alkylated ones exhibited weak activity. Insertion of an alkyl group between the piperidine and the imidazolidinone moiety generally resulted in a fall in activity.
Animals↗
Studies on cardiotonic agents. IV. Synthesis of novel 1-(6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinazolinyl)piperidine derivatives carrying substituted hydantoin and 2-thiohydantoin rings.
A series of novel 1-(6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinazolinyl)piperidines carrying substituted hydantoin and 2-thiohydantoin rings was synthesized and examined for cardiotonic activity in anesthetized dogs. Introduction of isopropyl and sec-butyl group at the 5-position of the hydantoin and thiohydantoin rings led to potent inotropic activity. Effects of insertion of an alkyl chain between the piperidine and the hydantoin rings were also examined. The structural requirements necessary for optimal cardiotonic activity within the series were investigated.
Animals↗
Gastric mucosal protection induced by restraint and water-immersion stress in rats.
We found that the gastric mucosal lesion induced by 60% ethanol containing 150 mM HCl was reduced by pre-loading the rat with restraint and water-immersion stress (22 degrees C). The resistance to ethanol injury was maximal in 1-hr stress loaded rats and gradually decreased with increasing time of stress (2-6 hr). The protective effect of stress was markedly decreased by subdiaphragmatic truncal vagotomy, and electrical stimulation of vagal nerves afforded similar protection as observed after stress. In contrast, pretreatment with atropine markedly reduced ethanol injury in both the control and 1 hr stress-loaded rats. One-hour stress produced surface epithelial cell damage in sham vagotomized rats, but the surface cells were almost intact in vagotomized rats. Pretreatment with indomethacin significantly mitigated the protective effect of stress against ethanol injury. However, the level of mucosal prostaglandin E2 was not changed 1 hr after stress, and it tended to decrease 6 hr after stress. Pretreatments with 1-hr stress and vagal stimulation weakly reduced localized staining of gastric mucosa with gentian violet. We conclude that adaptive protection can be achieved by restraint and water-immersion stress.
Animals↗
Changes in fasting-induced adrenocortical secretion of cold-acclimated rats.
Effect of cold acclimation on fasting-induced adrenocortical and metabolic responses was studied in rats. The animals were acclimated to cold by exposure to 5 degrees C for 4 weeks. The warm control animals were kept at 25 degrees C for the same period. Fasting for 48 h decreased the body weight to the same extent in warm controls (WC) and cold-acclimated rats (CA). Plasma free fatty acids concentration increased by fasting, but the degree of increase did not differ between WC and CA. Plasma glucose level decreased in WC, while it increased in CA by fasting. Plasma corticosterone level was significantly higher in CA than in WC. Fasting increased the level in both groups, and the extent of increase as assessed by 95% confidence interval was significantly greater in CA as compared with that in WC. The present results indicate that fasting-induced glucocorticoid secretion is potentiated by cold acclimation, suggesting a possible role of this hormone in some metabolic changes in fasting.
Acclimatization↗
Cold-induced and postnatal changes in brown adipose tissue ganglioside levels.
Effects of cold and postnatal development were studied on brown adipose tissue (BAT) ganglioside levels in rats. Interscapular BAT was defatted by cold acetone before ganglioside extraction. Gangliosides were determined using HPTLC. Major ganglioside in BAT was found to be GM3. BAT GM3 level per g of fresh tissue weight as well as fat-free dry matter significantly increased in cold-acclimated rats (CA) and in rats reared in cold for 27 generations. BAT GM3 level per g of fresh weight as well as fat-free dry matter was significantly higher in 4-day- and 14-day-old rats than that in adult animals (12 weeks old). It was also shown that the higher levels of BAT GM3 were associated with greater BAT weight relative to body weight. These results suggest that BAT ganglioside, especially GM3, is implicated in growth and/or function of BAT in terms of cold-induced and postnatal changes of this tissue.
Acclimatization↗
Improved semen qualities after continuous-step density gradient centrifugation: application to artificial insemination and pregnancy outcome.
For increasing sperm fertilizability in artificial insemination, it is effective to concentrate progressively motile sperm from whole ejaculate. We developed the continuous-step density gradient for the selective concentration of progressively motile sperm. The present procedure was applied to intrauterine artificial insemination. Infertile couples (n = 152) whose diagnoses involved oligoasthenospermia, cervical factor, and unexplained infertility were selected for artificial insemination with washed and concentrated sperm. Successful pregnancies (47) were obtained, with an overall pregnancy rate of 31% in the program. Sperm processing by this procedure improved pregnancy rates in couples with the sole diagnosis of oligoasthenospermia or cervical factor. In the patients in whom other fertility problems coexisted, however, it was essential to treat female fertility problems. Continuous-step density gradient centrifugation is effective in increasing the pregnancy rate in artificial insemination.
Centrifugation, Density Gradient↗
[Transient large granular lymphocytosis associated with pulmonary tuberculosis: a case report].
We report a case of a 61-year-old woman with large granular lymphocytosis associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. She was admitted to our hospital because of high fever, anemia and splenomegaly. On admission, the leukocyte count was 6,890/microliters with 52% of large granular lymphocytes. Immunophenotypical analysis of the increased cells showed following results; CD2+, CD3-, CD16+, CD57+. These cells had natural killer (NK) activity. Molecular genetical analysis showed these cells had germline configuration of the T cell receptor beta chain genes. About four months after admission, chest X-P revealed multiple mass shadow and the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was made by the examination of gastric juice. Anti-tuberculosis therapy was started, and soon after clinical symptom and pancytopenia were improved. For about one year, anti-tuberculosis therapy was continued, and now hematological abnormality is not found. We considered that this case was reactive large granular lymphocytosis of NK cells to lung tuberculosis.
Antigens, CD↗
[Effects of 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) on progesterone and prostaglandin production by human corpora lutea].
The present study was undertaken to assess the effects of 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) on steroidogenesis and prostaglandin (PG) production in cultured luteal cells derived from human corpora lutea in the mid-luteal phase. The luteal cells were cultured with 5-HETE at 10, 100, 500, or 1,000 ng/ml in the absence or presence of hCG at 100 ng/ml for 10 days. The addition of 5-HETE to the culture media did not affect growth curves of cultured luteal cells. 5-HETE significantly inhibited progesterone (P) production by cultured luteal cells in a dose-related fashion on day 2. P production stimulated by exposure to hCG was also reduced significantly in response to 5-HETE. The addition of 5-HETE did not affect estradiol production by cultured luteal cells. The production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha by cultured luteal cells in the presence of 5-HETE was slightly but not significantly less than that observed in the absence of 5-HETE. However, 5-HETE affects neither PGF2 alpha nor PGE2 production by cultured luteal cells throughout the culture period. The present study demonstrates that 5-HETE inhibits P production in cultured luteal cells by a mechanism(s) other than through PG production. These data suggest the involvement of a lipoxygenase pathway in the synthesis of P and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha of luteal cells.
Adult↗
[Analysis of cytolytic activity and cell surface phenotypes of lymphokine activated killer cells stimulated with R-IL 2 and an anti-CD 3 antibody].
We analyzed cytolytic activity and cell surface phenotypes of LAK (lymphokine activated killer) cells which were stimulated with recombinant IL-2 and an anti-CD3 antibody. This study involved 9 patients with astrocytomas, one patient with ganglioglioma, and one patient with medulloblastoma and their ages ranged between 5 and 80yr. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were separated from about 40 ml venous blood on a Ficoll-Paque gradient. After PBL's were cultured with r-IL 2 and anti-CD 3 antibody for about two weeks, more than 10(8) LAK cells could be obtained. Their cytolytic activity was measured by standard 4 hours-51Cr release assay and K 562, Daudi, U 251 MG, MCF-7, and autologous tumor cells were used as target cells. Their surface phenotypes (CD 3, CD 4, CD 8, CD 16, CD 25, Leu 7, HLA-DR) were measured by FACS. These LAK cells showed weaker killing activity against all kinds of tumor cells than usual LAK cells (LAK cells stimulated with r-IL 2 alone) did. Their surface phenotypes were more sensitive to CD 3 and less sensitive to CD 16 and Leu 7 than those of usual LAK cells. One of weak points of so-called LAK therapy is that many PBL's have to be obtained by leukapheresis and because of that, it is difficult to undertake LAK therapy to children or elderly patients. However, by using an anti-CD 3 antibody, enough LAK cells as effector of LAK therapy could be obtained more easily.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
Characteristics and significance of albumin-positive hepatocytes in analbuminemic rats.
Analbuminemic rats (NAR) are a mutant strain in which splicing of the albumin mRNA is blocked due to a seven-base-pair deletion in an intron of the albumin gene. NAR liver contains a few hepatocytes that react with anti-rat albumin antibody (Alb+ hepatocytes), and these cells increase in number during aging and on treatment with hepatocarcinogens. To characterize these Alb+ hepatocytes, we examine their albumin mRNA, the biochemical specificity of their albumin, and its intracellular distribution. Signals of albumin mRNA were observed in a few hepatocytes by in situ hybridization. Moreover, a small amount of cytoplasmic albumin mRNA was detected by RNA blot analysis in the liver of aged NAR and NAR treated with 3'-methyl-4-diaminoazobenzene (DAB). Immunoelectron microscopic examination revealed the cisternae of the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticula, Golgi complexes, and secretory vesicles of the Alb+ hepatocyte of NAR being filled with material that reacted with anti-rat albumin antibody. These facts suggested that albumin was gradually synthesized in Alb+ hepatocytes but that its secretion was disturbed. The albumin-like proteins of NAR were shown by Western blot analysis to consist of three species of 68 kDa, 50 kDa, and 25 kDa proteins. The 50 kDa albumin was thought to be formed by exon-skipping splicing of the albumin mRNA precursor, which was recently reported by Shalaby and Shafritz (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 2652-2656 (1990)). The 25 kDa protein was suspected to be formed by fragmentation of the 50 kDa protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Albumins↗