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Biomedical subjects

T Ohno

Publications and source records attributed to T Ohno.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Hemodynamic and neurohumoral effects of carperitide (alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide) in dogs with low-output heart failure].

We examined the hemodynamic and neurohumoral effects of carperitide in dogs with low-output heart failure (LHF) produced by volume expansion, ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery and methoxamine infusion. Carperitide (0.1 approximately 1 micrograms/kg/min, i.v. infusion for 30 min) decreased pulmonary arterial pressure, right atrial pressure and systemic vascular resistance and increased cardiac output. These pharmacological activities were equivalent to those of nitroglycerin (NG, 3 micrograms/kg/min). Although most of the animals did not excrete urine after induction of LHF, carperitide, unlike NG, increased urine volume. The plasma level of cyclic GMP was elevated about three times by induction of LHF and further increased after treatment with carperitide (1 microgram/kg/min). Carperitide had no effects on plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone concentration and plasma noradrenaline. These results taken together indicate that carperitide reduces both preload and afterload in association with an increase in cyclic GMP production and improves the untoward hemodynamic alterations in LHF dogs.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Increased expression of a regenerating (reg) gene protein in neonatal rat pancreas treated with streptozotocin.

We examined the expression of reg protein in neonatal rat pancreas treated with streptozotocin (STZ) by means of the immunohistochemical technique and northern blotting. Seven days after STZ injection, the plasma glucose levels in STZ-treated neonatal rats were significantly higher than those in control rats. Scattered distribution of reg protein in pancreatic islet cells was clearly observed in STZ-treated rats, but not in control rats. On the other hand, reg proteins was positively stained in the exocrine cells in both groups of rats. Northern blot analyses revealed that the expression of insulin mRNA markedly decreased in STZ-treated rat pancreas, but a significant increase in reg mRNA expression was recognized in the STZ-treated rat pancreas compared with that of control rats. Rats treated with STZ during the neonatal period have been used as a model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and beta cell regeneration. Thus, the increased reg gene expression in neonatal STZ-treated rat pancreas was therefore described for the first time, and thus would be a useful model for studying the relationship between NIDDM and beta cell regeneration or reg gene protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Effects of fasting and refeeding on some metabolic characteristics of rat brown adipose tissue.

To investigate the effects of fasting and refeeding on rat interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT), we determined in vitro oxygen consumption, in vitro lipolysis, DNA content and composition of fatty acid (FA). Fasting decreased the weights of body and BAT, and the DNA content of BAT. Fasting reduced both basal oxygen consumption and basal lipolysis of BAT. Fasting also suppressed the noradrenaline- and glucagon-induced increases in both oxygen consumption and lipolysis of BAT. In both triglyceride and phospholipid FA of BAT the extent of unsaturation was increased by fasting. Refeeding restored all of these parameters to the control level. These observations indicate that fasting reduces both oxygen consumption and lipolysis of BAT, resulting in reduced thermogenesis, while fasting could stimulate BAT in certain phases of its function as observed in FA composition.

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗
PubMed1995

Frequent expression of shared idiotypes in mantle cell lymphoma and extranodal small lymphocytic/non-mantle cell diffuse small cleaved lymphoma.

A panel of 14 anti-shared idiotype (Sid) monoclonal antibodies selected according to their high cross-reactivity to various lymphomas was immunohistologically tested for reactivity with seven reactive lymphoid tissue specimens and 227 B cell lymphoma specimens obtained from Japanese patients. In the reactive lymphoid tissues, the anti-Sld antibodies each reacted with a subpopulation of cells in the mantle zone and interfollicular areas; they rarely reacted with cells in the germinal center. In the B cell lymphomas, 13 anti-Sld antibodies reacted with a total of 78 of 186 (42%) specimens bearing immunoglobulin; none of the antibodies reacted with 41 specimens not bearing immunoglobulin. In mantle cell lymphomas (15/19, 79%) and extranodal small lymphocytic/non-mantle cell diffuse small cleaved lymphomas (11/15, 73%), the reactivity of the antibodies was high compared with that in the other lymphomas (52/152, 34%; P = 0.0002 and 0.004, respectively), including follicular lymphomas (11/42, 27%; P = 0.002 and 0.002, respectively). Since idiotypes are associated with the hypervariable regions and antigen-binding sites of immunoglobulin, these findings may reflect the differences in the regions/sites in each of these diseases.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1995

[The graft replacement of the patient with aortic arch aneurysm and thrombosed aortic dissection].

The patient was male and aged 68 years and complained of dyspnea and chest pain. He was pointed out aortic arch dilatation on chest X-ray and CT demonstrated aortic arch aneurysm accompanied with acute type IIIb aortic dissection. One month later after anti-hypertensive therapy, the false lumen of aortic dissection was closed with thrombus. While we performed the graft replacement to the aortic arch aneurysm, the thrombosed false lumen was recanalized, so it needed the closure of the false lumen reinforced with teflon felt. Postoperative angiography showed no abnormality of anastomosis and complete occlusion of the false lumen.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Low incidence of point mutation of N-ras oncogene in human gliomas].

We examined the incidence of point mutations in codon 12 and 61 of N-ras gene in human gliomas using PCR with mismatched primers. This method detects point mutations. PCR with mismatched primers induced restriction sites in normal DNA but not in mutational DNA. Genomic DNAs were extracted from paraffin-embedded tissues and were amplified with nested PCR. Among 17 cases, point mutation has not been able to be found so far, when examined in codon 12 of N-ras gene and among 10 cases in codon 61 of N-ras gene. It can thus be said that point mutational activation of N-ras oncogene is an uncommon event in human gliomas.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

[Clinical investigation of severe pulmonary tuberculosis and miliary tuberculosis].

Although the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis had been rapidly decreased in Japan, it is pointed out that the rate of decrease in annual incidence became smaller in recent years. This slowing down of the rate of decrease is considered to be resulted from an increase in number of individuals who are more susceptible to tuberculous infection; such as the elderly, young people who are not exposed to TB bacilli previously and therefore not immunized, patients with malignant disease or with organ transplantation and HIV-infected persons. Pulmonary tuberculosis still remained as a pulmonary infectious disease of highly ranked importance. Especially, miliary tuberculosis is life-threatening and occasionally fatal unless early intensive antituberculosis chemotherapy was started on the basis of a rapid and definite diagnosis. We made a retrospective survey to clarify the characteristic clinical features of miliary tuberculosis. For this purpose, we compared the characteristics and clinical features of 10 patients with miliary tuberculosis and those of 18 patients with severe pulmonary tuberculosis, not due to hematogenous dissemination. The mean ages of miliary tuberculosis group and that of severe pulmonary tuberculosis group were 62.6 and 63.8 years old, respectively, with no significant difference. Nine out of ten patients with miliary tuberculosis had fever as one of initial symptoms, whereas, all the patients with severe pulmonary tuberculosis had cough and sputa but they seldom developed fever (high fever) at the initial stage of their diseases. Duration from onset of symptom to the admission was 1.2 months on average in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Detection of donor lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with metachromatic leukodystrophy following bone marrow transplantation.

An unrelated donor bone marrow transplant (UD-BMT) was carried out on a 10-year-old patient with metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD). We collected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on day +168 and cultured it with recombinant IL-2 and PHA-P to examine the origin of cells in the CSF. Analysis on variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) of lymphocytes in the CSF amplified by PCR revealed that lymphocytes in the CSF were of donor origin. These data support that BMT at an early stage may prevent deterioration in MLD. Although the patient developed grade III acute GVHD with rash and diarrhea, we successfully treated acute GVHD using rabbit anti-human thymocyte immunoglobulin (ATG). UD-BMT may be an alternative treatment for patients with MLD in the absence of an HLA matched family donor.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1995

[A comparative study of tazobactam/piperacillin and piperacillin in bacterial pneumonia].

The efficacy, safety and usefulness of tazobactam/piperacillin (TAZ/PIPC), in bacterial pneumonia and lung abscess were determined with PIPC as the control in a multi-institutional comparative study a penicillin antibiotic for injection prepared by combining a newly developed beta-lactamase inhibitor, tazobactam (TAZ), with a broad spectrum penicillin antibiotic, piperacillin (PIPC), at a ratio of 1:4. TAZ/PIPC was intravenously injected at a dose of 2.5 g (titer) twice a day, and PIPC at a dose of 2.0 g (titer) twice a day as a rule for 14 days. The following results were obtained: 1. The efficacy rates for bacterial pneumonia and lung abscess were 94% (80/85) in TAZ/PIPC group and 89% (70/79) in PIPC group, showing no significant difference between the two groups. 2. In a comparison of degrees of improvement in clinical symptoms, signs and laboratory findings, there were no significant differences between the two groups except for results on thoracic rales after three days of administration. 3. As for bacteriological effects, the elimination rates of causative organisms were 98% (40/41) in the TAZ/PIPC group and 80% (28/35) in the PIPC group. Thus, the TAZ/PIPC group was significantly superior to the PIPC group. The TAZ/PIPC group showed significantly better eradication of bacteria as well. Bacteria considered to be pyogenic were detected in 80 patients (43 administered TAZ/PIPC and 37 administered PIPC), but beta-lactamase production was confirmed in only 11 patients of each group. There were no significant differences in bacteriological effects among these patients. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of TAZ/PIPC against beta-lactamase producing organisms were distinctly superior to those of PIPC. 4. Side effects occurred in 10% (10/96) of the TAZ/PIPC group and 7% (7/95) of the PIPC group. Abnormal clinical laboratory test values were observed in 22% (20/92) of the TAZ/PIPC group and 18% (17/93) of the PIPC group. Thus, there were no significant differences between the two administration groups. 5. The usefulness rate in the TAZ/PIPC group was 87% (75/86) and it was 85% (67/79) in the PIPC group, showing no significant difference between them. The results suggest that TAZ/PIPC administered at a dose of 2.5 g (titer) twice a day is more useful than PIPC administered at a dose of 2.0 g (titer) twice a day in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[A cooperative late phase II trial of l-leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. l-Leucovorin and 5-FU Study Group (Japan Western Group)].

A multicenter cooperative study was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy of l-leucovorin (l-LV) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment in 69 cases of advanced gastric cancer. l-LV was administered intravenously by a 2-hour infusion at a dosage of 250 mg/m2 and 5-FU at a dosage of 600 mg/m2, intravenously via bolus one hour after administration of l-LV had been started. The combination was given weekly for 6 weeks followed by a 2-week rest period. Patients were evaluated for response after the sixth dose. Nineteen PRs were noted in the 55 patients for an overall response rate of 34.5%. Median survival time was 190 days for eligible cases, and 448 days for PR cases. Age and performance status (PS) appeared to influence clinical response. Patients aged 49 years or younger showed a significantly higher PR rate than those aged 50 years or older. The PR rate was significantly higher in the patients of PS 0-1 than those of PS 2. Diarrhea and leukopenia were experienced in 46.7% and 65% of patients, respectively. Patients who had severe toxicities required discontinuity of treatment. After recovery, treatment was repeated. The clinical results are promising for patients with advanced gastric cancer, particularly middle-aged patients. However, whether the l-leucovorin and 5-FU combination therapy will ultimately produce superior results in middle-aged patients awaits the results of Phase III trials.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Frequent expression of CD3 epsilon in CD3 (Leu 4)-negative nasal T-cell lymphomas.

Adult natural killer (NK) cells had not generally been thought to express CD3 proteins other than zeta; however they were recently demonstrated to express CD3 epsilon in an activated condition. This prompted us to investigate the tumor tissues from 17 patients with Leu4-negative peripheral T-cell lymphoma, including eight with nasal T-cell lymphoma (NTCL), for the expression of CD3 epsilon. The tissues were immunohistologically stained with rabbit anti-human CD3 epsilon antibody. The expression of CD3 epsilon was more frequent in the tissues of nasal lymphoma than in the non-nasal lymphoma tissues: specimens from six of eight of the NTCL patients expressed CD3 epsilon, while only one of nine of the non-NTCL patients did so. The NTCL patients presented clinically with lethal midline granuloma, had histologic findings of tumor necrosis and angioinvasion, and had a peculiar CD2+, Leu4-, CD3 epsilon+, CD5-, CD7+, CD45RO+, CD4-, CD8-, beta F1-, T-cell receptor (TRC) delta 1-, CD56+ phenotype. This peculiar phenotype seems to be closely associated with NTCL. No clonal rearrangement of the TCR genes was detected in three NTCL patients examined. The NK cell origin of NTCL has been suggested by previous investigators. The phenotypic correspondence of our nasal tumors to adult activated NK cells supports this possibility, together with their lack of clonal rearrangement of the TCR genes.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Aortic root replacement in twin Marfan patients].

We have performed aortic root replacement in twin Marfan patients. They were male and aged 33 years at the times of the operations. One had pneumonia but the other had no complaints. Echocardiography showed geometries typical of annuloaortic ectasia (aortic diameters of 6.4 and 6.8 cm) and a moderate degree of aortic insufficiency. Aortic roots were replaced utilizing composite valve graft and the coronary orifices were reimplanted with Carrel's patch technique. The operations were carried out at almost the same time. The patients had a satisfactory postoperative course. Because of the potential for late dissection or aneurysm in other areas of the aorta, they should have regular follow-up examinations by MRI and CT indefinitely.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Adenovirus-mediated transfer of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointima formation following balloon angioplasty of the rat carotid artery.

BACKGROUND: Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation following arterial injury plays a critical role in a variety of vascular proliferative disorders, including atherosclerosis and restenosis after balloon angioplasty. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that localized arterial infection at the time of balloon angioplasty with an adenovirus (ADV-tk) encoding the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene (HSV-tk), followed by systemic ganciclovir administration, can inhibit VSMC proliferation and neointima formation in a well-characterized model of arterial injury and restenosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The left carotid arteries of 31 male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to balloon angioplasty and immediately infected with 2 x 10(9) pfu of either ADV-tk or a control adenovirus that does not encode a recombinant protein (ADV-delta E1). Twenty-four hours after injury, animals from each experimental group were randomized to receive a course of systemic ganciclovir (ADV-tk/+GC, ADV delta E1/+GC) or saline (ADV-tk/-GC, ADV-delta E1/-GC). VSMC DNA synthesis was measured by 5'-bromodeoxuridine (BrdU) incorporation 2-4 days after balloon injury. The extent of restenosis, expressed as the neointima to media (I/M) area ratio was determined by digital planimetry 20 days after balloon injury in each of the four treatment groups. Immunohistochemistry using a mAb to von Willebrand factor (vWF) was used to determine the effects of ADV-tk infection and ganciclovir treatment on re-endothelialization of the carotid arteries 20 days following balloon angioplasty. RESULTS: Forty-one percent of the medial VSMCs in the ADV-tk/-GC arteries were labeled with BrdU 4 days after balloon injury. In contrast, ADV-tk infected animals that were treated with systemic ganciclovir (ADV-tk/+GC) displayed a 40% reduction in BrdU-staining medial VSMCs (p < 0.03). I/M area ratios of the three control groups were 1.17 +/- 0.18 (ADV-tk/-GC, n = 5), 1.15 +/- 0.10 (ADV-delta E1/+GC, n = 6), and 0.91 +/- 0.08 (ADV-delta E1/-GC, n = 6). These differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In contrast, the ADV-tk/+GC animals (n = 6) displayed an I/M area ratio of 0.49 +/- 0.13 which was significantly lower than that seen in each of the three control groups (p < 0.02). None of the treated animals showed evidence of significant organ toxicity at autopsy. A regenerated endothelium was observed in the ADV-tk/+GC animals 20 days after balloon injury. CONCLUSIONS: Localized arterial infection with ADV-tk at the time of balloon angioplasty followed by systemic ganciclovir therapy reduces VSMC proliferation and neointimal expansion in the rat carotid artery injury model. Moreover, combined treatment with ADV-tk and systemic ganciclovir does not result in systemic toxicity and appears to selectively eliminate proliferating VSMCs, while preserving the capacity of the injured arterial segments to re-endothelialize within 3 weeks of injury. Taken together, these results support the feasibility of using this gene therapy approach for the treatment of human vascular proliferative disorders.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1995

Different responses of arterioles and venules in rat gastric mucosal microcirculation to endothelin-1 and endothelin-3.

Responses of the microvessels in the basal part of the gastric mucosa of anesthetized rats to endothelin (ET)-1 and ET-3 were examined by intravital microscopy. The posterior wall of the stomach, which was incised along the greater curvature, was secured in an observation chamber and superfused with Tyrode's solution, and the microcirculation was observed through a window made by removing a limited area of smooth-muscle layers with the serosa and submucosal tissue. Topical application of the same ranges of ET-1 and ET-3 (0.1-10 microM, 20 microliters) to the window dose-dependently constricted collecting venules and venules downstream. The constriction was inhibited by BQ-123, an ETA receptor antagonist, but the equipotency of ET-1 and ET-3 did not support the presence of the ETA receptor (tentatively called ETR-m). Arterioles were constricted through ETR-m, particularly at higher doses (> 3 microM), but 1 microM ET-1 dilated the arterioles by generating prostaglandin through BQ-123-sensitive ET receptor (tentatively called ETR-e), as shown by the inhibition of dilatation by indomethacin. Furthermore, the dilatation component of the arteriolar smooth-muscle responses to ET-1 and ET-3 was elicited by BQ-123 and was inhibited by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), indicating the generation of nitric oxide. This dilating effect of the endothelins was mediated by the ETB receptor.

Animals↗