Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Ohno

Publications and source records attributed to T Ohno.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition on phospholipid fatty acid composition of brown adipose tissue.

We investigated the effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition on the phospholipid fatty acid composition of brown adipose tissue by administering chronic N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (0.01%) to rats via drinking water. L-NAME caused a significant decrease in C14:0, C16:0, C16:1 and C18:1, with a concomitant increase in C18:0 and C18:2, L-NAME treatment elicited an increase in the unsaturation index. There were no significant changes in other fatty acids including the polyunsaturated fatty acids docosahexaenoate (DHA, C22:6) and arachidonate (C20:4). Polyunsaturated fatty acid linoleate (C18:2) was increased and the arachidonate index decreased in the L-NAME-treated group, suggesting a diminished conversion of C18:2 to C20:4.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1997

Molecular studies on single cells harvested by micromanipulation from archival tissue sections previously stained by immunohistochemistry or nonisotopic in situ hybridization.

Molecular analysis of isolated single cells is a powerful tool for analyzing heterogeneity within a population of cells and for clarifying issues of cell origin and clonality. Current techniques are limited by the availability of suitable fresh tissue. To broaden the applicability of molecular techniques at single-cell level, we have developed an approach that uses routinely processed archival tissue. Immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangement was analyzed in large tumor cells from four cases of diffuse large cell B-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and in small reactive T and B lymphocytes from three cases of lymphocytic predominance Hodgkin's disease. One case of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded RNA (EBER)-positive angiocentric pulmonary T-cell lymphoma was assayed for the presence of the BamHI-W multiple-copy fragment of the EBV genome. T- and B-lymphoid cells were immunostained with anti-CD3 and CD20, respectively. The tissue sections from the EBER-positive T-cell lymphoma were stained by nonisotopic in situ hybridization. Single cells were mobilized after proteolytic treatment under an inverted microscope using a hydraulic micromanipulator at a magnification of 400 x. Isolated cells were aspirated into a micropipette fixed to a second micromanipulator and transferred into a PCR tube. The IgH complementarity determining region (CDR)3 was successfully amplified in 17 of 52 (33%) small B-lymphocytes from lymphocytic predominance Hodgkin's disease using a previously reported semi-nested PCR method, and the products from each case differed in size as expected of a polyclonal population. None of the 49 small T lymphocytes demonstrated any amplifiable IgH CDR3 products, indicating no significant cellular contamination. The IgH CDR3 sequence analysis of the PCR products indicated a clonal relationship among harvested cells. In the T-cell lymphoma case, the harvested EBER-positive cells were amplifiable for the multiple-copy fragment BamHI-W of the EBV genome. Our study indicates that single-cell analysis can be performed on paraffin-embedded archival tissue after being subjected to immunoperoxidase and in situ hybridization procedures.

Antigens, CD20↗
PubMed1997

[Clinical efficacy of imipenem/cilastatin sodium for respiratory infections in patients with lung cancer].

Imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) was administered to 102 patients with respiratory tract infections and lung cancer. Patients with other serious diseases were excluded and a total of 73 patients were enrolled. They were divided into 12 patients who underwent surgery (operated group) and 61 who did not (non-operated group); the latter group included 28 patients treated with anticancer agents or radiation therapy (treated group) and 33 untreated patients (untreated group). IPM/CS was effective in 75% of the patients, both with and without surgery. The drug was effective in 81% of the treated group, although many of the patients had Stage III or more advanced cancer, as well as bronchial occlusion. IPM/CS was also effective in 69% of the untreated group, although many of the patients have serious infections and a PS (Performance Status) of 3 or greater. Thus, IPM/CS treatment achieved good results. Bacteriological studies showed that 3 out of 4 strains in the operated group and 16 out of 18 in the non-operated group were eliminated. Safety was evaluated in all patients. Two patients (2%) experienced side effects and two others (2%) showed abnormal clinical findings, but the symptoms were mild and resolved after discontinuation or completion of therapy. In conclusion, IPM/CS was very effective for treating respiratory infections in patients with lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

[Splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes and complex chromosomal abnormality].

We report a 70-year-old Japanese man who had splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes and a complex chromosomal abnormality. No monoclonal gammopathy was present. The peripheral blood film showed lymphocytes with thin and short villi arising from one or two poles of the cells. These cells were negative for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase stain. Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood lymphocytes showed moderate to strong expression of surface membrane IgM, IgD, IgA, and lambda as well as CD19, CD20, CD21, CD24, and HLA-DR. In addition, there was weak CD5, CD22, and CD25 expression, but no CD10, CD11c, CD23, CD38, or B-ly-7 expression. All 20 metaphases obtained from peripheral blood cells cultured for 5 days with lipopolysaccharide showed an abnormal karyotype: 47, XY, +der(3) t(3; 13) (q26; q12) inv(3) (?), t(7; 14), (q21; q11), der(13) t(3; 13) (q26; q12). Our patient followed a relatively benign clinical course and splenectomy was not performed.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Coronary artery surgery in elderly patients].

We have experienced 351 cases of coronary artery bypass grafting in patients 70 years of age or older (107 cases: 75 years of age or older, 26 cases: octogenarians), among 1,395 cases of all coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Estimated hospital death rate 4.8% seemed to be satisfactory.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

[A case of two stage operation of thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm of a patient in late phase with Behçet's disease].

Patient was a 70-year-old female diagnosed as Behçet's disease 1973. She underwent descending thoracic aortic aneurysm operation 1980. She had graft replacement for a residual thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm on April 28, 1994. She didn't accept steroid therapy although she had a slight inflammatory reaction on admission. The graft replacement of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm was done with an aid of Carmeda closed chest support system bypass and segmental aortic cross clamping. Reattachment of the intercostal and lumbar arteries to the graft was used with button technique or interposition technique. Visceral branches including celiac axis, superior mesenteric and right renal arteries were reconstructed to an opening made in the graft with button technique and reattachment of left renal artery was used with graft interposition during selective perfusion of visceral arteries. She started steroid therapy with 5 mg of predonine to prevent inflammatory reaction postoperatively. The thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm accompanied with Behçet's disease was relatively rare and this is a long survival case.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Evaluation of 5-fluorouracil concentration in peripheral blood and side effects in continuous hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for patients with unresectable liver cancer].

Fourteen patients with unresectable primary or metastatic liver cancer were divided into two groups: group A, continuous hepatic arterial infusion of 5-FU in 10 cases; group V, continuous intravenous infusion of 5-FU in 4 cases. In group A, 5-FU (360 mg/m2/day x 5 days/week x 4 weeks) was continuously infused into the hepatic artery via femoral or gastroduodenal artery through Infuse A Port. In group V, 5-FU (360 mg/m2/day x 2 weeks) was continuously infused into the subclavian vein through IVH route. On day 1, the concentration of 5-FU in peripheral blood in group A (12.1 +/- 12.8 ng/ml) was significantly lower than in group V (43.8 +/- 19.8 ng/ml, p = 0.004). On day 5, it was also decreased in group A (24.6 +/- 24.1 ng/ml) compared with that in group V (61.8 +/- 34.4 ng/ml, p = 0.039). Side effects of 5-FU like nausea, abdominal discomfort and stomatitis were recognized in 4 out of 10 patients in group A (40%) and 3 out of 4 patients in group V (75%). In group A, a complete response was obtained in one patient with synchronous multiple liver metastases of sigmoid colon cancer. These results suggest that systemic toxicity of 5-FU is alleviated by continuous hepatic arterial infusion in the patients with unresectable liver cancer because of its low concentration in peripheral blood.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1997

[Simultaneous coronary artery bypass grafting and total arch graft replacement with dextrocardia and situs inversus].

The patient was a 79-year-old male who complained a sudden back pain. He had dextrocardia and situs inversus. An aortogram showed the dilatation of the ascending and aortic arch which reached 5.6 cm in diameter. A coronary angiogram also showed the 75 percent stenosis of segment 3 in the right coronary artery. Coronary artery bypass grafting to the right coronary artery was performed using a saphenous vein graft during cooling stage of the extracorporeal circulation. After that total arch replacement was carried out using a graft with four side branches with an aid of selective cerebral perfusion. He complicated with respiratory failure postoperatively and needed tracheostomy but recovered gradually. A postoperative computed tomogram showed good patency of three side grafts for cerebral perfusion and no abnormality of graft anastomosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Two cases of pure akinesia with unusual activation in dorsal part of the frontal lobe during gait--surface EMG and PET study].

FDG-PET activation study was performed in two pure akinesia (PA) patients with silent pattern in surface electromyography (EMG) frozen gait analysis. Three patients (2 PA and 1 PD with reciprocal co-contraction pattern) and 7 normal subjects underwent FDG-PET study in two different condition of "rest" and "walk", in order to evaluate the change in regional cerebral activity during gait. In a PD patient, the activated pattern was no different from that of normal individuals; the cerebellar vermis was solely activated significantly. In contrast, 2 PA patients showed characteristic activation in the dorsolateral frontal area in addition to the areas found in normals. These results suggest that the dorsolateral frontal cortex may play an inhibiting role to the motor cortex resulting in the silent pattern of frozen gait in PA. Combined study of surface EMG and FDG-PET during gait may be useful for analyzing the pathophysiological mechanism of gait disturbance.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

A simple method of intraoperative limb length measurement in total hip arthroplasty.

The equalization of leg-length discrepancy during total hip arthroplasty can be achieved through the use of a simple measuring device, the Calipers Dual Pin Retractor. During total hip arthroplasty a stable reference point must be established to determine leg-length changes. The Calipers Dual Pin Retractor was developed to establish a fixed point on the pelvis, which would remain constant throughout the procedure, from which the distance to the trochanteric area could be measured prior to the dislocation of the hip. This measurement is then used to aid in the proper placement of the femoral components.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1997

Quality control of human IVF/ICSI program using endotoxin measurement and sperm survival test.

Quality control is essential for maintenance and improvement of a successful human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF/ET)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI) program. Quality control of medium, serum and equipments were performed using endotoxin measurement and human sperm survival test. It was proved by high pregnancy rate that the method of quality control at present study was essential for the development of the program.

Embryo Transfer↗
PubMed1996

Characterization and regulation of a mRNA encoding the prostaglandin F2alpha receptor in the rat ovary.

The recent cloning of several cDNAs encoding prostaglandin (PG) receptors has paved the way for a more detailed investigation of the postulated regulatory role of prostaglandins in corpus luteum function. We have utilized the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to isolate a mRNA encoding the ovarian PGF(2alpha) (FP) receptor, using oligonucleotides based on the recently cloned mouse cDNA as primers. The 5'-untranslated region of the rat ovarian mRNA was isolated following 5'-RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends). The isolated 1526 base-pair sequence, which spans the entire open reading frame, was found 100% identical in the protein coding region to a similar sequence isolated from a rat astrocyte cDNA library, but different in the first 32 nucleotides of the 5'-untranslated region, possibly due to tissue-specific splicing heterogeneity. Using ribonuclease protection assay, a quantitative analysis of FP receptor mRNA levels was performed in corpora lutea excised from adult pseudopregnant rats (Day 8) at different timepoints (0.5-48 h) following the in vivo s.c. regimen of a luteolytic dose of the FP receptor agonist cloprostenol (5 microg). Already 3 h after cloprostenol injection, FP receptor mRNA levels exhibited a pronounced increase to values 4.0-fold higher (P < 0.01) than before injection. At 7 h through 24 h, the amount of luteal FP receptor mRNA decreased, approaching preinjection levels, whereafter they were again 3.0-fold higher (P < 0.01) at 48 h than before injection. We conclude that following homologous stimulation of the FP receptor, abundance of this mRNA is tissue-specifically regulated in a dynamic pattern, suggestive of an important role for FP receptor-mediated action on gene expression during the demise of corpus luteum function.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Selective induction of fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 mRNA after transient focal ischemia in the cerebral cortex of rats.

The expression of the mRNA of four members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor family, was examined in rats subjected to temporal middle cerebral artery occlusion using an in situ hybridization technique. Fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR-1) mRNA was strongly expressed in neurons of the cerebral cortex, whereas mRNAs of the other 3 subtypes of FGFRs (FGFR-2, -3, and -4) were not expressed. After temporal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, expression of FGFR-1 mRNA in cerebral cortical neurons markedly increased in association with the progressive neuronal death; this increase was evident for at least 5 days after the focal ischemia. In view of the neuroprotective activity of basic FGF reported so far, the present results suggest that FGFR-1 induction may subserve to self-protect neurons in the ischemic penumbral field of the cerebral cortex.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Regulation of cellular proliferation and intimal formation following balloon injury in atherosclerotic rabbit arteries.

Injury to atherosclerotic arteries induces the expression of growth regulatory genes that stimulate cellular proliferation and intimal formation. Intimal expansion has been reduced in vivo in nonatherosclerotic balloon-injured arteries by transfer of genes that inhibit cell proliferation. It is not known, however, whether vascular cell proliferation can be inhibited after injury in more extensively diseased atherosclerotic arteries. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether expression of recombinant genes in atherosclerotic arteries after balloon injury could inhibit intimal cell proliferation. To test this hypothesis, we examined the response to balloon injury in atherosclerotic rabbit arteries after gene transfer of herpesvirus thymidine kinase gene (tk) and administration of ganciclovir. Smooth muscle cells from hyperlipidemic rabbit arteries infected with adenoviral vectors encoding tk were sensitive to ganciclovir, and bystander killing was observed in vitro. In atherosclerotic arteries, a human placental alkaline phosphatase reporter gene was expressed in intimal and medial smooth muscle cells and macrophages, identifying these cells as targets for gene transfer. Expression of tk in balloon-injured hyperlipidemic rabbit arteries followed by ganciclovir treatment resulted in a 64% reduction in intimal cell proliferation 7 d after gene transfer (P = 0.004), and a 35-49% reduction in internal area 21 d after gene transfer, compared with five different control groups (P < 0.05). Replication of smooth muscle cells and macrophages was inhibited by tk expression and ganciclovir treatment. These findings indicate that transfer of a gene that inhibits cellular proliferation limits the intimal area in balloon-injured atherosclerotic arteries. Molecular approaches to the inhibition of cell proliferation in atherosclerotic arteries constitute a possible treatment for vascular proliferative diseases.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1996

Production of a novel monoclonal antibody, JT-95, which can detect antigen of thyroid carcinoma.

Monoclonal antibody (MAb) JT-95 was produced by immunization of mice with membrane fractions of a human thyroid carcinoma. Immuno-histochemical staining has demonstrated that the antigen recognized by JT-95 is strongly expressed in 95 (95%) of 100 cases of papillary carcinomas and in 3 (75%) of 4 cases of follicular carcinomas. In benign diseases of the thyroid gland, MAb JT-95 reacted with 0 (0%) of 39 adenomas, 1 (4%) of 21 adenomatous goiters, 0 (0%) of 8 hyperthyroidism specimens, and 3 (38%) of 8 chronic thyroiditis specimens. The antigen detected by MAb JT-95 has an apparent Mr 250,000 in thyroid carcinomas. Moreover, circulating antigen in thyroid carcinoma patients was detected by MAb JT-95 in an ELISA and in Western blotting. The circulating antigen has a Mr 105,000. MAb JT-95 conjugated with (131) I was administrated to nude mice bearing a human thyroid carcinoma. JT-95 131I accumulation at the transplanted tumor was visualized by autoradiography with 2.68-14.75-fold higher levels detected at the xenograft compared to that for normal organs. Based on these data, MAb JT-95 may be useful in the diagnosis detection and therapy of thyroid carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed1996

Studies of cardiotonic agents. 8. Synthesis and biological activities of optically active 6-(4-(benzylamino)-7-quinazolinyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-methyl-3(2H)- pyridazinone (KF15232).

We previously reported that (+/-)-6-(4-(benzylamino)-7-quinazolinyl)-4,5- dihydro-5-methyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone (+/-)-1, KF15232) showed potent cardiotonic activity with a strong myofibrillar Ca(2+)-sensitizing effect. As an extension of our work, we attempted to synthesize optically active 1. (+/-)-4-(4-(Benzylamino)-7-quinazolinyl)-3-methyl-4-oxobutyric acid (-)-menthyl ester (6) was separated into both diastereoisomers, and each was converted to optically pure 1 (> 99% ee) in an enantioselective manner. In order to determine the absolute configuration of the isomers, an alternative synthesis of optically active 1 was employed. The precursor of (-)-1 ((+)-9) was obtained by enantioselective synthesis from (R)-D-alanine. Consequently, we concluded that the absolute configuration of (-)-1 at the 5-position of the pyridazinone ring was R. The cardiotonic effects and inhibitory activities to PDE III and V of racemic 1 and (-)-1 were more potent than those of (+)-1. These compounds also demonstrated greater vasorelaxant effects in guinea pig aorta. In contrast, (+)-1 showed only weak cardiotonic and vasodilating effects, although the compound displayed potent Ca(2+)-sensitizing activity. Racemic and (-)-1 attracted our interest for the treatment of congestive heart failure.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The EWS-ATF-1 gene involved in malignant melanoma of soft parts with t(12;22) chromosome translocation, encodes a constitutive transcriptional activator.

Molecular characterization of malignant melanoma of soft parts or soft tissue clear cell sarcoma which shares t(12;22) chromosome translocation revealed fusion of EWS with a transcriptional factor gene ATF-1. The EWS gene, which encodes an RNA binding protein, was also shown to be involved in Ewing sarcoma, related primitive neuroectodermal tumors and desmoplastic small round cell tumors. In order to understand the functional role of EWS-ATF-1 chimeric protein in human solid tumors, we have cloned the aberrant human ATF-1 (EWS-ATF-1) cDNA and studied its DNA binding, transcriptional activation properties and compared with normal ATF-1 protein. Our results demonstrate that EWS-ATF-1 binds weakly to DNA in vitro but functions as an efficient constitutive transcriptional activator unlike the normal ATF-1 which needs to be induced with cAMP. Deletion analysis revealed that EWS-fusion domain functions as a regulatory domain for the transcriptional activation properties of EWS-ATF-1 chimeric protein. Deletion of leucine zipper domain results in a loss of transcriptional activation of EWS-ATF-1 chimeric protein suggesting that protein-protein interaction play a role in the transcriptional activation properties of EWS-ATF-1. We demonstrate that EWS-fusion domain negatively regulates the DNA binding activity of EWS-ATF-1 chimeric protein. Therefore replacement of part of the amino-terminal kinase regulatory domain of ATF-1 protein with EWS regulatory domain results in an altered DNA binding, protein-protein interactions and transcriptional activation properties of EWS-ATF-1 causing deregulated gene expression which may be responsible for the genesis of t(12;22) chromosome translocation-bearing human solid tumors. Targeting the transcriptional cofactors (CBP, etc) by EWS-fusion proteins could be one of the mechanisms of activation of EWS-fusion proteins in human neoplasia.

Activating Transcription Factor 1↗