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Biomedical subjects

T Ohno

Publications and source records attributed to T Ohno.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

High rate of induction of human autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes against renal carcinoma cells cultured with an interleukin cocktail.

A high rate of induction (9 of 10 cases) of human autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) was achieved in vitro from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of renal carcinoma patients by applying an interleukin (IL)-cocktail consisting of IL-1, -2, -4, and -6. The CTL specifically lysed their own target carcinoma cells within 24 h but did not kill neighboring autologous normal kidney cells or allogeneic renal cancer cell lines. In the case of TUHR4TKB, for which autologous CTL were not induced, no expression of MHC class-I molecules was observed on the surface of these carcinoma cells, although they were sensitive to autologous natural killer cells. The results imply that adoptive immunotherapy for metastasized renal carcinoma will be feasible with autologous CTL in combination with natural killer cells.

Cell Survival↗
PubMed1998

An evaluation of infants' growth in the Kingdom of Nepal.

BACKGROUND: The His Majesty's Government/Japan International Cooperation Agency Primary Health Care Project began in April 1993 in collaboration with the Saitama Prefectural Government, for the purpose of improving the health status of the people in model districts of the Kingdom of Nepal. Growth monitoring is one of the basic methods that defines the health and nutritional status of children. METHODS: Anthropometric indices were measured in 759 children in the Bhaktapur district. We used the World Health Organization prototype growth chart and national growth standard for Japanese children (1990) to analyze the growth data. RESULTS: We found that the average bodyweight growth curve of children up to 4 months of age followed the 50th percentile reference curve. For children of 5-12 months of age, there was a delay in bodyweight gain and the growth curve reached the 3rd percentile curve. For children more than 1 year old, the growth curve moved below the third percentile curve. Catch-up growth did not occur before the children reached 5 years of age. The main causes of catch-up growth being hampered were chronic undernutrition and inadequate nutritional balance. CONCLUSIONS: As this was the first opportunity to evaluate infant growth in this district, the first important consequence of the results was to analyze the causes of growth faltering and failure-to-thrive in Nepalese children. Even more important, was the need to give appropriate counseling on improving feeding and other health-related practices, and the most important consequence of all was to instruct Nepalese health workers that utilizing the growth charts is an integral part of health care.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1998

Ventriculoatrial block during atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia utilizing multiple retrograde pathways.

A rare case of narrow QRS tachycardia continuing despite the occurrence of VA block is reported. Right ventricular stimulation suggested dual AV nodal physiology. The tachycardia was induced by ventricular premature stimulation, which failed to depolarize the atrium. Two types of tachycardia that had different retrograde conduction sequences, HA intervals, and cycle lengths were induced. The occurrence of VA block did not terminate the tachycardia but transiently prolonged the tachycardia cycle length. These findings suggest the mechanism is AV nodal reentry utilizing multiple retrograde pathways with intranodal reentry bridging the VA block and maintaining the tachycardia.

Bundle of His↗
PubMed1998

Anti-glomerular basement membrane nephritis after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis was observed in a 37-year-old woman following the administration of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for a single stone in her right kidney. The renal biopsy specimen showed diffuse cellular crescents in all glomeruli, with linear deposits of immunoglobulin G and complement component C3 along the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Circulating anti-GBM antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with anti-GBM nephritis. It is suggested that ESWL produced an alteration in the GBM leading to the production of anti-GBM antibodies.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Expression of RANTES by normal airway epithelial cells after influenza virus A infection.

The chemokine regulated on activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES), is a C-C chemokine and a potent chemoattractant for monocytes, T lymphocytes, basophils, and eosinophils. Its expression by human airway epithelium has been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. We investigated whether RANTES is expressed by normal human airway epithelial cells after influenza viral infection and examined its bioactivity. Epithelial cells were obtained from bronchial tissue or nasal polyps of patients who had undergone lobectomy for lung cancer or polypectomy for nasal polyps. These cells were cultured by the outgrowth method. Cultured cells were infected with influenza virus A (subtype H3N2) after which the supernatants and the cells were collected 8 to 72 h after infection. RANTES mRNA (messenger RNA) was analyzed by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis of its product. Concentrations of RANTES in the supernatants were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RANTES protein and mRNA were not detected in the media of uninfected cells. PCR products for RANTES were clearly detected in nasal and bronchial epithelial cells 24 h after infection. Southern blot analysis confirmed that the PCR products were indeed specific for RANTES mRNA. Twenty-four to 72 h after infection, significant levels of RANTES protein were detected in culture media. We also investigated the chemotactic activity of the supernatant of cultured cells. The supernatant of the cells 48 h after infection had potent chemotactic activity for eosinophils, which was attenuated by the addition of anti-RANTES antibodies. These findings suggest that influenza virus infection may induce expression of bioactive RANTES by normal human bronchial and nasal epithelial cells.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1998

Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cisplatin in patients with cancer: analysis with the NONMEM program.

The population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cisplatin (CDDP) were evaluated based on a mixed-effect model using the NONMEM program. Unchanged CDDP in plasma was measured as a biologically active platinum species during CDDP chemotherapy, using high-performance liquid chromatography. Plasma concentration measurements (157) of unchanged CDDP from 26 patients with cancer receiving 80 mg/m2 CDDP by infusion over 2 hours, 3.5 hours, or 4 hours were analyzed according to a one-compartment model. The influences of individual characteristics such as body weight, dose schedule, course, and clinical laboratory values (renal function markers, albumin) on total body clearance (Cl) and volume of distribution (Vd) were examined. In the final pharmacokinetic model, body surface area and dose schedule affected Cl of unchanged CDDP. The Cl of CDDP was increased by 27.3% after the 2-hour infusion schedule compared with Cl after the longer infusions. The Vd was estimated as 13.4 L/m2. The interindividual variability for Cl and Vd and residual variability were 22.9%, 30.9%, and 35.5%, respectively. The relationships between maximum concentration (Cmax) of unchanged CDDP and maximum blood urea nitrogen (BUNmax), or minimum creatinine clearance (ClCr,min) over a 1-month period after CDDP administration were evaluated according to linear, exponential, or maximum response (Emax) models. The linear or Emax model described pharmacodynamics most successfully, with relatively large interindividual variability for both slope and EC50 (more than 25%). Residual variability was 15.3% and 17.1% in BUNmax and Clcrmin, respectively. The population means and interindividual and residual variability of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of CDDP were evaluated using the NONMEM program. The results of this study show that the population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic approach could be useful to manage CDDP nephrotoxicity using sparse data in a clinical setting.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Probability estimation of final height.

13,707 longitudinal records of individuals (6,749 boys and 6,958 girls) from 6 years to 17 years were fitted by means of a smoothing cubic spline function and the factors influencing the change in height SDS during puberty were analysed. Children are divided into subgroups with 0.2 SD intervals according to height SDS at 6 years. Shorter children in subgroups at 6 years tend to increase their final height SDS by entering puberty later and making their height at onset of pubertal growth spurt (PGS) relatively taller. On the other hand taller children in subgroups at 6 years tend to decrease their final height SDS by entering puberty early and make height at PGS relatively shorter. The percentage distribution of a final height SDS against subgroups at 6 years also shows this tendency. This figure is useful in predicting the probability of final height SDS in the clinical field of growth disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on in vitro thermogenesis and fatty acid compositions of brown adipose tissue.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a major organ of nonshivering thermogenesis during cold acclimation, overfeeding, and nonthermal restraint stress. An increased unsaturation of fatty acids of membrane phospholipid in BAT has been shown to be closely associated with an enhanced function of this tissue as reported in other tissues. In the previous study, we found that among fatty acids detected, the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in BAT phospholipid is the only fatty acid that altered concomitantly with a change in the in vitro thermogenic capacity for nonshivering thermogenesis of BAT from cold acclimated and restrained rats. To examine the effect of dietary DHA on fatty acid composition of phospholipid and in vitro BAT thermogenic activity, rats were fed a standard diet supplemented with purified DHA for 4 or 16 weeks. Dietary DHA for 4 or 16 weeks increased DHA level in BAT phospholipid, and it also decreased arachidonic acid. The unsaturation index increased and remained unchanged under DHA feeding for 4 and 16 weeks, respectively. In vitro thermogenic activity of BAT remained unchanged and decreased under dietary DHA for 4 and 16 weeks, respectively. These findings indicate that dietary DHA could increase DHA level in phospholipid of BAT, but it could not improve in vitro BAT thermogenic response.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1998

Thermogenesis and fatty acid composition of brown adipose tissue in rats rendered hyperthyroid and hypothyroid-with special reference to docosahexaenoic acid.

The effects of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism on brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and phospholipid fatty acid composition were investigated in rats. Chronic triiodothyronine (T3) treatment (hyperthyroidism) increased the interscapular BAT pad weight, its triacylglycerol content, and its DNA content. It did not affect basal and noradrenaline-stimulated in vitro oxygen consumption of BAT expressed per microg DNA, although it significantly increased the oxygen consumption of the whole BAT pad. T3 treatment had little effect on phospholipid content and phospholipid fatty acid composition. In contrast, chronic methimazole treatment (hypothyroidism) decreased the BAT pad weight and the triacylglycerol content, but did not significantly change the DNA content in comparison with the control. It significantly decreased the noradrenaline-stimulated BAT oxygen consumption expressed per microg DNA and per BAT pad, but did not change the basal oxygen consumption. Methimazole treatment significantly affected phospholipid content and phospholipid fatty acid composition. Among the major fatty acids of BAT, it decreased docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, and oleic acid, and it increased linoleic acid, stearic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid. A regression analysis revealed a positive relationship between in vitro respiration and DHA levels in phospholipids (r = 0.404, p<0.05). These results suggest that thyroid hormones have trophic action on BAT and are necessary for BAT thermogenic activity. This study also suggests that DHA is involved in the regulation of BAT thermogenic activity, as we previously indicated.

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗
PubMed1998

Comparison of high and moderate intensity of strength training on mood and anxiety in older adults.

This study was designed to examine the psychological benefits of anaerobic exercise for older adults. Specifically, strength training was employed to examine the effects on mood and anxiety in a group of healthy but sedentary older women. 36 women (mean age = 68.5 yr.) were randomly assigned to groups given high intensity or moderate intensity strength training or to a control group. Strength training was conducted three days a week for 12 weeks. After the training period, both high and moderate strength-training programs produced marked improvements in muscle strength and body composition compared to the control subjects. The average improvements in the high and moderate intensity strength-training groups for muscle strength were 40.5 and 35.5%, respectively, and for percent body fat 1.52 and 2.50%, respectively. As for psychological changes, both training groups significantly improved positive mood (vigor), and the moderate intensity group significantly reduced trait anxiety compared to means of the control group. Also, both training groups showed some decrease in tension and state anxiety after the training period. These findings provide evidence for the effectiveness of anaerobic training to enhance perception of psychological well-being in older women. A moderate intensity rather than high intensity of training regimen may be more beneficial for sedentary older women to improve psychological health.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The invasion potentials of human biliary tract carcinoma cell lines: correlation between invasiveness and morphologic characteristics.

The abilities of 9 kinds of human biliary tract carcinoma cell lines to invade through basement membrane or type I collagen were examined using an in vitro invasion assay system. The correlations between invasiveness and morphologic characteristics of the carcinoma cells in 3 dimensional collagen gel were also examined. most of the biliary tract carcinoma cell lines kept the abilities of glandular differentiation and basement membrane formation of the original tumor. Their invasiveness, however, correlated with the degree of in vitro morphologic differentiation regardless of their original morphology.

Basement Membrane↗
PubMed1998

Expression of cathepsin B-like enzyme activity in cell lysate from cultured human normal keratinocytes.

In the present study, we have found that the cell lysate from cultured human normal keratinocytes from foreskin (HFKs) hydrolyzed alpha-N-benzoyl-DL-arginine beta-naphthylamide (BANA), and the BANA hydrolysis occurred most under conditions of 37 degrees C and pH 6.0. This activity was strongly inhibited by leupeptin, which is an inhibitor to cathepsin B. These results suggested that the cell lysate from cultured HFKs contained cathepsin B-like enzyme activity. This is the first report to demonstrate that cathepsin B-like enzyme activity was expressed in the cell lysate from human normal keratinocytes.

Benzoylarginine-2-Naphthylamide↗
PubMed1998

[Three patients with insulin-treated diabetes and senile dementia of Alzheimer's type].

Senile dementia of Alzheimer's type (SDAT) is reported to be less frequent in patients with Diabetes Mellitus. However the, the number of elderly people in still increasing in Japan, an is the incidence of diabetes mellitus, especially in middle-aged and elderly people. Thus, we can expect to encounter more elderly people with diabetes and SDAT. We encountered three patients with diabetes who were treated with insulin and in whom SDAT developed. In all three, control of blood glucose levels gradually worsened, despite increases in the dose of injected insulin. It was later found that they did not inject insulin properly because of SDAT. They lived alone and their dementia was not diagnosed before their admission to the hospital. In its early phase, SDAT can be difficult to diagnose, especially in patients who live alone. SDAT should be considered when the control of blood glucose levels for no apparent reason in elderly patients with diabetes.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

The clonal relationship between nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's disease with a clonal Reed-Sternberg cell population and a subsequent B-cell small noncleaved cell lymphoma.

We evaluated the clonal relationship between a case of nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's disease (NSHD) and a small noncleaved cell (SNC) lymphoma that subsequently developed. Single Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (H-RS) cells were isolated from immunostained sections of the NSHD by micromanipulation, and the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IgH) complementarity determining region (CDR) III of the cells was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A clonal population of H-RS cells was found in the NSHD tumor. The nucleotide sequence of the clonal H-RS cells was compared with the clonal IgH CDRIII sequence from the SNC lymphoma. The two sequences were found to be unrelated. In addition, clone-specific primers and probes were designed from the two clonal IgH CDRIII sequences and used to investigate the presence of the respective clonal population in the NSHD tumor. The latter studies confirmed the presence of a major clonal H-RS cell population, as detected by the single cell assay, but cells corresponding to the SNC clone were not demonstrable by this highly sensitive technique. These findings suggest that the SNC arising in this case represents the development of the second neoplasm clonally unrelated to the preceding NSHD. They also support the recent findings that the H-RS cells in classical HD consist of a clonal population of B cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Exposure of the hip by anterior osteotomy of the greater trochanter.

A new exposure for the direct lateral approach to the hip through the gluteus medius by anterior half osteotomy of the greater trochanter is described. The skin incision is made with the greater trochanter longitudinally at its midpoint and extends parallel to the shaft of the femur along its anterior border. The anterior two thirds of the tendinous gluteus medius muscle is divided. The incision continues to the middle of the greater trochanter and through the distal half of the vastus lateralis muscle. An anterior thin slice osteotomy of the greater trochanter is performed. The gluteus minimus is exposed and split in the line of its fibers or detached from the greater trochanter and the acetabular roof is exposed. In order to provide a wide exposure, a Charnley transverse retractor is used and a Calipers Dual Pin Retractor is inserted over the edge of acetabulum by elevating the soft tissues from the ilium. The Calipers Dual Pin Retractor is used to precisely position the prosthesis in an anatomic and functional position and eliminate leg length discrepancy.

Anthropometry↗