Microwave technology and foods.
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Cooking↗
Biomedical subjects
T Ohlsson
Publications and source records attributed to T Ohlsson.
Postoperative analgesia at home after ambulatory hand surgery: a controlled comparison of tramadol, metamizol, and paracetamol.
We compared in a prospective, randomized, double-blinded study the analgesic efficacy of three drugs in 120 ASA I and II patients scheduled to undergo ambulatory hand surgery with IV regional anesthesia. At discharge, oral analgesic tablets were prescribed as follows: tramadol 100 mg every 6 h, metamizol 1 g every 6 h, and paracetamol (acetaminophen) 1 g every 6 h. Rescue medication consisted of oral dextropropoxyphene 100 mg on demand. Analgesic efficacy was evaluated by self-assessment of pain intensity by visual analog score at six different time intervals during the 48-h study period. Patients also recorded global pain relief on a 5-grade scale, total number of study and rescue analgesic tablets, frequency and severity of adverse effects, sleep pattern, and overall satisfaction. None of the study drugs alone provided effective analgesia in all patients. The percentage of patients who required supplementary analgesics was 23% with tramadol, 31% with metamizol, and 42% with acetaminophen. Tramadol was the most effective analgesic, as evidenced by low pain scores, least rescue medication, and fewest number of patients with sleep disturbance. However, the incidence of side effects was also increased with tramadol. Seven patients (17.5%) withdrew from the study because of the severity of nausea and dizziness associated with the use of tramadol. Metamizol and acetaminophen provided good analgesia in about 70% and 60% of patients, respectively, with a decreased incidence of side effects. Despite receiving oral analgesic medication, up to 40% of patients undergoing hand surgery experienced inadequate analgesia in this controlled trial. Although tramadol was more effective, its use was associated with the highest frequency and intensity of adverse effects and the most patient dissatisfaction. Metamizol and acetaminophen provided good analgesia with a small incidence of side effects. For patients undergoing ambulatory hand surgery, postoperative pain can last longer than 2-3 days, and there is a need for both better education before the procedure and oral analgesic therapy at home.
Acetaminophen↗
Cerebral glucose metabolism measured by positron emission tomography in term newborn infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.
Total and regional cerebral glucose metabolism (CMRgl) was measured by positron emission tomography with 2-((18)F) fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ((18)FDG) in 20 term infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) after perinatal asphyxia. All infants had signs of perinatal distress, and 15 were severely acidotic at birth. Six infants developed mild HIE, twelve moderate HIE, and two severe HIE during their first days of life. The positron emission tomographic scans were performed at 4-24 d of age (median, 11 d). One hour before scanning, 2-3.7 MBq/kg (54-100 microCi/kg) (18)FDG was injected i.v. No sedation was used. Quantification of CMRgl was based on a new method employing the glucose metabolism of the erythrocytes, requiring only one blood sample. In all infants, the most metabolically active brain areas were the deep subcortical parts, thalamus, basal ganglia, and sensorimotor cortex. Frontal, temporal, and parietal cortex were less metabolically active in all infants. Total CMRgl was inversely correlated with the severity of HIE (p < 0.01). Six infants with mild HIE had a mean (range) CMRgl of 55.5 (37.7-100.8) micromol.min(-1).100 g(-1), 11 with moderate HIE had 26.6 (13.0-65.1) micromol.min(-1).100 g(-1), and two with severe HIE had 10.4 and 15.0 micromol.min(-1).100 g(-1), respectively. Five of six infants who developed cerebral palsy had a mean (range) CMRgl of 18.1 (10.2-31.4) micromol.min(-1).100 g(-1) compared with 41.5 (13.0-100.8) micromol.min(-1).100 g(-1) in the infants with no neurologic sequela at 2 y. We conclude that CMRgl measured during the subacute period after perinatal asphyxia in term infants is highly correlated with the severity of HIE and short-term outcome.
Brain↗
Glucose utilisation in the lungs of septic rats.
Sequestration and degranulation of leucocytes in the pulmonary microcirculation is considered to be a key event in the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with sepsis. Glucose serves as the main source of energy in activated leucocytes. The aim of this study was to assess whether glucose utilisation in the lungs can be used as an indicator of pulmonary leucocyte accumulation in an experimental model of sepsis of intra-abdominal origin. Sepsis was induced in rats by abdominal implantation of a gelatine capsule containing bacteria and rat colonic contents. Empty gelatine capsules were implanted in control animals. Animals were studied 6 and 12 h after sepsis induction. Glucose utilisation was measured as the tissue uptake of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)FDG) 1 h after intravenous injection of the tracer. Micro-autoradiography was also performed after injection of tritiated deoxyglucose. We found increased uptake of (18)FDG in the lungs of septic animals. The uptake also increased with time after sepsis induction. (18)FDG uptake in circulating leucocytes was increased in septic animals compared with controls, and micro-autoradiography showed intense accumulation of deoxyglucose in leucocytes in the lungs of septic animals. We conclude that glucose utilisation is increased in the lungs of septic rats. Measurements of pulmonary glucose utilisation as an index of leucocyte metabolic activity may open new possibilities for studies of the pathophysiology of sepsis and for evaluation of therapeutic interventions.
Animals↗
Comparison of 125I- and (111)In-labeled monoclonal antibody BR96 for tumor targeting in combination with extracorporeal immunoadsorption.
Extracorporeal whole blood immunoadsorption (ECIA) accelerates the clearance of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) without significantly affecting tumor uptake by removing the excess of these mAbs from the blood, thus increasing tumor:normal tissue (T:N) ratios. The present study is focused on comparing the capacity of ECIA in tumor targeting with the same mAb (chiBR96-biotin) labeled with either (111)In or 125I. Forty-five Brown Norwegian rats with syngeneic rat colon carcinoma isografted both in liver and intramuscularly were used. chiBR96 is a highly tumor-specific mAb directed against the Lewis-type antigen. ECIA of whole blood was started 15 h after the injection of 125I- or (111)In-labeled BR96-biotin. The procedure lasted for 2 h and was repeated for (111)In-labeled BR96-biotin in a few rats after 3 or 24 h. ECIA reduced the whole body activity by the same magnitude (between 39% and 52%), irrespective of whether (111)In- or 125I-labeled chiBR96 was used. A similar observation was also made for the reduction in blood radioactivity after ECIA (79-94%). Time-activity curves during ECIA showed that the major reduction (approximately 85%) in blood radioactivity occurred during the first 45-60 min. Repeating the ECIA with (111)In-BR96 caused only an additional minimal reduction of blood activity, whereas a further reduction of whole body activity of 14-20% was achieved. The T:N uptake ratios were significantly enhanced immediately after ECIA with (111)In- or 125I-labeled chiBR96. Due to greater accumulation of (111)In-BR96 in tumors, a long-term improvement in T:N ratios was obtained after ECIA compared with 125I-labeled BR96. Our results therefore indicate that (111)In/(90Y)-labeled BR96-biotin could be more advantageous than 125I/131I for radioimmunotargeting/radioimmunotherapy in combination with ECIA due to better activity retention by the tumor.
Animals↗
Radioimmunotherapy using 131I-labeled anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody (LL2) in patients with previously treated B-cell lymphomas.
Experience in using rapidly internalizing antibodies, such as the anti-CD22 antibody, for radioimmunotherapy of B-cell lymphomas is still limited. The present study was conducted to assess the efficacy and toxicity of a 131I-labeled anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody (mAb), LL2, in patients with B-cell lymphomas failing first- or second-line chemotherapy. Eligible patients were required to have measurable disease, less than 25% B cells in unseparated bone marrow, and an uptake of 99mTc-labeled LL2Fab' in at least one lymphoma lesion on immunoscintigram. Eight of nine patients examined with immunoscintigraphy were unequivocally found to have an uptake, and therapy with 131I-labeled anti-CD22 [1330 MBq/m2 (36 mCi/m2)] preceded by 20 mg of naked anti-CD22 mAb was administered. Three patients achieved partial remission (duration, 12, 3, and 2 months), and one patient with progressive lymphoma showed stable disease for 17 months. Four patients exhibited progressive disease. The toxicity was hematological. Patients with subnormal counts of neutrophils or platelets before therapy seemed to be more at risk for hematological side effects. Radioimmunotherapy in patients with B-cell lymphomas using 131I-labeled mouse anti-CD22 can induce objective remission in patients with aggressive as well as indolent lymphomas who have failed prior chemotherapy.
Adult↗
Dopamine D2-receptor density in humans as assessed with SPET and the new high-affinity ligand 123I-NCQ298: a pilot study.
Astra (S)-3-[123I]iodo-5,6-dimethoxyl-N-[(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl] -salicylamide (123I-NCQ298) is a new high-affinity D2-receptor ligand for use in single photon emission tomography (SPET) studies. We have studied the biodistribution and absorbed radiation dose of 123I-NCQ298 in humans. The mean effective dose for adults was 0.055 mSv MBq(-1). Brain uptake and clearance was measured with a head dedicated SPET camera. 123I-NCQ298 showed specific uptake in the basal ganglia with a low clearance rate (time constant of 9-34 h). The extrastriatal binding was variable (average 30%, maximum 60% of that in the basal ganglia at 1 h), but with a clearance rate twice that of the basal ganglia. The fairly high level of extrastriatal binding precluded the use of a quotient between the basal ganglia and cerebellum-to-frontal cortex 123I-NCQ298 concentration as a measure for basal ganglia D2-receptor density. Chronic schizophrenic patients treated with conventional neuroleptics had a decreased affinity for 123I-NCQ298 in the basal ganglia in the range 10-60% of the median value for the control, untreated subjects.
Adult↗
You can take it with you. Wireless telephones promote efficiency and improved communication.
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Efficiency, Organizational↗
An alternative method to normalize clinical FDG studies.
UNLABELLED: An alternative method of determining the integrated input function, necessary in the quantitative [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) autoradiographic model, has been developed. Using erythrocytes as reference tissue, researchers require only one blood sample after injection of FDG to obtain the integrated input function. METHODS: The amount of FDG-6-PO4 in the erythrocytes is proportional to their exposure to FDG, that is, the integrated input function. Free FDG is removed by washing the erythrocytes twice. Inter- and intraindividual differences of the metabolic rate of erythrocytes are corrected for by an in vitro incubation with a known amount of FDG. RESULTS: Validation of the proposed method was done by correlating the integrated input function, based on the glucose metabolism of the erythrocytes, to the integrated input function obtained by multiple venous blood samples. The new method provides the integrated input function with an accuracy better than +/-8%. CONCLUSION: By using erythrocytes as a reference tissue, researchers can determine the integrated input function in the quantitative FDG autoradiographic model with an accuracy sufficient for clinical PET studies. The simplicity of the method also makes it suitable for FDG studies on small children. With two samples, the method can also be used for a simplified graphical Patlak analysis.
Erythrocytes↗
Early prediction of treatment outcome in head and neck cancer with 2-18FDG PET.
The development of alternative treatment regimens in clinical oncology has increased the need for early prediction of cancer therapy outcome. The aim of this study was, early in the treatment phase, to identify patients with advanced head and neck cancer, responding or not responding to initiated therapy. The tumour metabolic rate of glucose (MRgl) examined by 2-18FDG-PET was determined in 17 patients before and after the first weeks of either radiotherapy (16-35 Gy) or one course of combination chemotherapy. Metabolic values uptake values normalized to plasma activity integrals--were correlated to loco-regional outcome, as evaluated 5-6 weeks after completion of treatment. Initial low tumour MRgl (<20 micromol/min/100 g tissue), in primary lesions or regional metastases, predicted a local complete response. When a high initial tumour MRgl was found, the magnitude of the reduction of MRgl in the second PET examination might be an adjunct in predicting local tumour response.
Adult↗
Distribution and dosimetry of 111In DTPA-D-Phe-octreotide in man assessed by whole body scintigraphy.
The distribution and dosimetry of the somatostatin analog 111In-DTPA-octreotide was evaluated in 6 patients. Whole body scintigraphy in anterior and posterior projections was performed 0.5, 5, 24 and 48 hours after injection. Region-of-interest analysis for different organs and the whole body was used to determine 111In octreotide half-life-corrected uptake in absolute and relative terms. A rapid initial uptake was seen in the kidneys (2-7%), the spleen (2-6%) and in the liver (4-8%). A lower uptake was seen in the pituitary gland (maximum 0.3%), the thyroid (maximum 0.07%), in the female breast (maximum 1.2%), in the urinary bladder and in the intestinal tract. The elimination pattern varied between different organs. The effective dose equivalent was evaluated to be in the range 0.08 to 0.13 mSv/MBq (average 0.10 mSv/MBq). The behavior of 111In-DTPA-octreotide suggests follow-up scintigraphy in a period extending up to at least 24 hours after injection.
Absorption↗
Prevention of progression to severe obesity in a group of obese schoolchildren treated with family therapy.
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of family therapy on childhood obesity. DESIGN: Clinical trial. One year follow-up. SETTING: Referral from school after screening. PARTICIPANTS: Of 1774 children (aged 10 to 11), screened for obesity, 44 obese children were divided into two treatment groups. In an untreated control group of 50 obese children, screened in the same manner, body mass index (BMI) values were recorded twice, at 10 to 11 and at 14 years of age. INTERVENTION: Both treatment groups received comparable dietary counseling and medical checkups for a period of 14 to 18 months, while one of the groups also received family therapy. RESULTS: At the 1-year follow-up, when the children were 14 years of age, intention-to-treat analyses were made of the weight and height data for 39 of 44 children in the two treatment groups and for 48 of the 50 control children. The increase of BMI in the family therapy group was less than in the conventional treatment group at the end of treatment, and less than in the control group (P = .04 and P = .02, respectively). Moreover, mean BMI was significantly lower in the family therapy group than in the control group (P < .05), and the family therapy group also had fewer children with BMI > 30 than the control group (P = .02). The reduction of triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac skinfold thicknesses, expressed as percentages of the initial values, was significantly greater in the family therapy group than in the conventional treatment group (P = .03, P = .005 and P = .002, respectively), and their physical fitness was significantly better (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Family therapy seems to be effective in preventing progression to severe obesity during adolescence if the treatment starts at 10 to 11 years of age.
Body Mass Index↗
A PET system based on 2-18FDG production with a low energy electrostatic proton accelerator and a dual headed PET scanner.
We have developed a comparatively inexpensive PET system, based on a rotating scanner with two scintillation camera heads, and a nearby low energy electrostatic proton accelerator for production of short-lived radionuclides. Using a 6 MeV proton beam of 5 microA, and by optimization of the target geometry for the 18O(p,n)18F reaction, 750 MBq of 2-18FDG can be obtained. The PET scanner shows a spatial resolution of 6 mm (FWHM) and a sensitivity of 80 s-1kBq-1ml-1 (3 kcps/microCi/ml). Various corrections are included in the imaging process, to compensate for spatial and temporal response variations in the detector system. Both filtered backprojection and iterative reconstruction methods are employed. Clinical studies have been performed with acquisition times of 30-40 min. The system will be used for clinical experimental research with short- as well as long-lived positron emitters. Also the possibility of true 3D reconstruction is under evaluation.
Astrocytoma↗
Dielectric food data for microwave sterilization processing.
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Electronics↗
Techniques in microlaryngoscopic photography.
A microlaryngoscopic photographic technique is described similar to that technique advocated by Kleinsasser. This technique is an uncomplicated routine method, which can be adopted by anyone using the Zeiss surgical microscope. With a relaxed, intubated patient, alignment of the optical axis of the microscope with the central axis of the laryngoscope, and with careful focusing, using the over-changed (9.5 A, 7.6 V) 6 V 50 W bulb, shutter at 22, magnification of 16 or 25, and with 1/4 second exposure time, and the Kodak Ektachrome HS film (125 ASA), the result should be satisfactory.
Humans↗
Early nutrition causes persistent effects on pheasant morphology.
Differences in growth conditions during early ontogeny have been suggested to cause permanent effects on the morphology and quality of birds. Yearly variation in growth conditions could thus result in morphological and quality differences between cohorts. In this study, we investigated the effect of small differences in the dietary protein content of captive ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) during their first 8 wk posthatching. An experimental increase of the proportion of dietary protein during the first 3 wk of life accelerated growth, whereas a similar manipulation during the following 5 wk had only a limited effect. Compensatory growth during the postexperimental period equalized the size of chicks from different experimental treatments. However, a difference in tarsus length resulting from experimental treatment during the first 3 wk remained into adulthood. Furthermore, the protein content of the diet during the first 3 wk had an effect on the degree of fluctuating asymmetry in tarsus length, suggesting persistent effects on the quality of birds. The results of this study may explain size differences between cohorts that exist in pheasants and may also provide a link between the use of pesticides in agriculture and population effects on pheasants.
Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗