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T Ohkubo

Publications and source records attributed to T Ohkubo.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

No correlations between the urinary ratio of 6beta-hydroxycortisol to free cortisol and pharmacokinetics of alprazolam.

OBJECTIVE: The urinary ratio of 6beta-hydroxycortisol to cortisol is known as a possible marker of CYP3A4 activity. We investigated the correlation between this ratio and the disposition of alprazolam, which is a substrate of CYP3A4. METHODS: Twelve healthy volunteers took a single dose (0.8 mg) of alprazolam at 0800 hours. Blood samplings were conducted up to 48 h after the dosing. Urine was collected during the 24 h prior to dosing. Quantification of alprazolam in plasma and that of cortisol and 6beta-hydroxycortisol in urine was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Mean (+/-SD) values of peak plasma concentration (Cmax), time to Cmax (tmax), area under the plasma concentration-time curve [AUC(0-48)] and elimination half-life (tl/2) of alprazolam were 12.0+/-3.0 ng/ml, 1.5+/-0.9 h, 200+/-41 ng/ml h and 16.0+/-4.3 h, respectively. Mean (+/-SD) urinary ratio of 6beta-hydroxycortisol to cortisol was 3.28+/-0.67. No significant correlations were found between urinary ratio of 6beta-hydroxycortisol to cortisol and any pharmacokinetic parameters of alprazolam (Cmax: rs= -0.06; tmax: r(s)= 0.34; AUC(0-48): rs=0.08; t1/2: r(s)= -0.36). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the urinary ratio of 6beta-hydroxycortisol to cortisol is unlikely to predict pharmacokinetics of alprazolam.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Dobutamine stress surface mapping of myocardial ischemia in Kawasaki disease.

BACKGROUND: To detect and localize myocardial ischemia, a method that does not require physical exertion is sometimes needed in children with Kawasaki disease. METHODS: Dobutamine stress body surface mapping was performed in 115 children with a history of Kawasaki disease (58 without coronary artery lesions, 40 who had coronary lesions without myocardial ischemia and 17 with myocardial ischemia). The maximum infusion rate of dobutamine was 30 microg/kg per min. Myocardial ischemia was diagnosed by the presence of an area of hypoperfusion on scintigraphy at rest and/or an increase in hypoperfusion during a dobutamine stress test compared with resting scintigraphy. We studied the number of leads that showed significant ST depression on the isopotential map (nST), the number of the row containing the lead with the smallest negative value on the isointegral map (I(min)), and the localization of myocardial ischemia on the isointegral map. Based on findings in patients without coronary artery lesions, we defined the criteria for detecting myocardial ischemia as nST > or = 1 and I(min) < or = 4. RESULTS: The sensitivity of detecting myocardial ischemia was 94.1% using nST and 41.7% using I(min), while the specificity of these methods was 98.9 and 96.9%, respectively. The localization of myocardial ischemia on stress body surface mapping was 100% concordant with that determined by stress myocardial scintigraphy. CONCLUSIONS: Dobutamine stress body surface mapping for the detection of myocardial ischemia is a non-invasive, more convenient and repeatable test compared with exercise myocardial scintigraphy and it is a more objective test compared with exercise echocardiography. Dobutamine stress body surface mapping is useful for the identification and localization of silent myocardial ischemia in pediatric patients with Kawasaki disease, especially those who cannot perform tests involving physical exercise.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Stereoselective pharmacokinetics of pantoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, in extensive and poor metabolizers of S-mephenytoin.

Pantoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, is administered as a racemic mixture. To determine the role of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 in the stereoselective metabolism of pantoprazole, we investigated the pharmacokinetic disposition of (+)- and (-)-pantoprazole in 7 extensive metabolizers and 7 poor metabolizers of S-mephenytoin. All of the subjects received an oral 40-mg dose of racemic pantoprazole as the enteric-coated formulation. In the extensive metabolizers, the mean clearance of (-)-pantoprazole was only slightly lower than that of (+)-pantoprazole and no significant differences in the other pharmacokinetic parameters between (+)- and (-)-pantoprazole were observed. The mean (+)/(-) ratios for maximum concentration, area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to infinity, and elimination half-life were 0.94, 0.82, and 0.90, respectively. In contrast, in the poor metabolizers, the clearance values of both enantiomers were significantly lower than those in the extensive metabolizers, and a significant difference in pharmacokinetics between (+)- and (-)-pantoprazole was observed. The mean elimination half-life for (+)-pantoprazole was 3.55-fold longer than that of (-)-pantoprazole, and the mean maximum concentration and area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to infinity for (+)-pantoprazole were 1.31- and 3.59-fold greater, respectively, than those for (-)-pantoprazole. These results indicate that the stereoselective metabolism of pantoprazole depends on S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylase (CYP2C19). The metabolism of (+)-pantoprazole was impaired to a greater extent than (-)-pantoprazole in the poor metabolizers.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed2001

A prescriptive exercise program for health maintenance.

The aim of this study was to design a prescriptive exercise program for people of various age and fitness basing on the popular in Japan Radio Physical Fitness Exercise, a program based on an experimental approach. The evaluation indices used in the experiment were heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption, and electrical activity of the rectus femoris, latissimus dorsi, and trapezius muscles, which measured during various motion elements of the program performed at various rate. The results of this study enable to calculate equations for predicting HR during exercise from relative metabolic rate (RMR). The data on HR, RMR, and myoelectric potential presented in this study may be a basis for designing individual exercise programs for elderly people.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Enhancement of oxidative damage to cultured cells and Caenorhabditis elegans by mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors.

The mechanisms that lead to mitochondrial damage under oxidative stress conditions were examined in primary and cultured cells as well as in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) treated simultaneously with electron transport inhibitors and oxygen gas. Oxygen loading enhanced the damage of PC 12 cells by thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA, a complex II inhibitor), but did not by rotenone (a complex I inhibitor), antimycin (a complex III inhibitor), and sodium azide (a complex IV inhibitor). In primary hepatocytes, the enhancement was observed with the addition of sodium azide and rotenone, but not by TTFA or antimycin. In the nematode, only rotenone and TTFA enhanced the sensitivity under hyperoxia. These results demonstrate that highly specific inhibitors of electron transport can induce oxygen hypersensitivity in cell levels such as PC 12 cells and primary hepatocytes, and animal level of C. elegans. In addition the cell damage is different dependent on cell type and organism.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Impact of smoking habit on medical care use and its costs: a prospective observation of National Health Insurance beneficiaries in Japan.

BACKGROUND: To quantify excess medical use associated with smoking, a large prospective cohort study is needed. The authors examined the impact of smoking on medical care use in a large population-based cohort with an accurate data collecting system in Japan. METHOD: The data were derived from a 30-month prospective cohort study of 43,408 National Health Insurance beneficiaries aged 40--79 years living in a rural Japanese community. The smoking habit of beneficiaries was assessed in a baseline survey at the end of 1994. Medical care use and its costs were monitored by linkage with the National Health Insurance claim history files since January 1995. RESULTS: Male smokers incurred 11% more medical costs (after adjustment for age, physical functioning status, alcohol consumption, body mass index and average time spent walking) than 'never smokers' but for female smokers and never smokers the costs were almost the same. This difference was mainly attributable to increased use of inpatient medical care among smokers, especially in males, where per month cost of inpatient care was 33% higher in smokers. Age-group specific analysis in men showed that excess mortality and excess medical cost ratio for smokers peaked in those aged 60--69 years. CONCLUSIONS: Smokers consume excess medical care. Among the population aged 45 years and over, about 4% of total medical costs were attributable to smoking. To pursue both better health and lower medical costs for the nation, a comprehensive programme to reduce tobacco use is needed.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Application of nano-diffraction to local atomic distribution function analysis of amorphous materials.

A method is proposed for the local atomic distribution function analysis of amorphous materials. This method is based on local halo-electron diffraction intensity analysis with nano-sized electron probes as small as 25 to approximately 3 nm, taking advantage of the intensity recording with imaging plate. Nanodiffraction and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns from an amorphous SiNx (x approximately 4/3) thin film were taken using a conventional transmission electron microscope operated at 200 kV and recorded on imaging plates. An intensity correction to omit inelastic intensity was made using electron energy-loss spectroscopy. When a beam-convergence angle is larger than 1 x 10(-3) rad, the Wiener-filter deconvolution method becomes helpful in producing atomic pair distribution functions (PDFs) from the nano-diffraction intensity profiles that are more similar to the PDF from the SAED intensity. This technique was applied to the analysis of local amorphous structures of SiO2 layers formed by an oxygen-ion implantation into single crystal SiC.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Molecular cloning of chicken vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor complementary DNA, tissue distribution and chromosomal localization.

Chicken vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor (VIPR) cDNA was cloned by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method using primers designed on the basis of other species of VIPR cDNA. The cDNA obtained was sequenced by the dideoxy-mediated chain-termination method. Of the 2227 nucleotides that were sequenced, 84, 855, and 1338 bases represent the 5'-untranslated region (UTR), the 3'-UTR, and the open reading frame that predicts a peptide of 446 amino acids. The cDNA of the chicken VIPR shows 65% and 60% homologies to human cDNA of VIP1 and VIP2 receptors, respectively. The clone had the expected similarity to highly conserved features of the other G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) such as six cysteine residues that are functionally important in the VIPR subfamily. In addition, the seven potential membrane-spanning domains characteristic of the family B group III GPCR superfamily and highly conserved motif within the third cellular loop between transmembrane regions 5 and 6. Northern blot hybridization analysis in this study indicated mRNA expression of VIPRs in the various tissues of the chicken. Strong signal was detected in the brain and anterior pituitary gland. High levels of VIPR mRNA in the brain was consistent with VIP-binding experiments and with the function of VIP in the brain as a neuroendocrine factor or neurotransmitter. Expression of VIPR was detected in the anterior pituitary gland of chick embryos. The expression of VIPR mRNA in the chick anterior pituitary gland may indicate a regulatory function of VIP on prolactin (PRL) production or PRL cell proliferation during embryogenesis. Chicken VIPR shows high homology with mammalian type I VIPR but, in some part, possesses similarity of amino acid sequence. Expression of VIPR in various tissues supports diverse functions for VIP in the chicken.

3' Untranslated Regions↗
PubMed2001

Factors affecting the difference between screening and home blood pressure measurements: the Ohasama Study.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the factors affecting the difference between screening and home blood pressure measurements. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: General population in a rural Japanese community, Ohasama, Japan. PARTICIPANTS: There were 1,789 community-based subjects aged > or =40 years, for whom blood pressure was measured at screening site (screening blood pressure) and at home (home blood pressure). RESULTS: Multiple stepwise regression analysis of all subjects demonstrated that screening pulse pressure was positively associated with the difference between screening and home blood pressure measurements for systolic blood pressure. Age, the use of antihypertensive medication, and smoking status were negatively associated with the difference between measurements of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated that age, smoking, antihypertensive medication, and screening pulse pressure are independent predictors of the magnitude of the difference between screening and home blood pressure measurements, suggesting that the necessity to consider these factors, for the detection of the subjects who may be inappropriately treated or misjudged following screening blood pressure measurements.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Usefulness of home blood pressure measurements in assessing the effect of treatment in a single-blind placebo-controlled open trial.

OBJECTIVES: Reproducibility of home blood pressure measurements (HBP), and the placebo effect on HBP, were examined to establish the number of subjects required in order to observe a significant antihypertensive effect of a drug for a comparative study between placebo and active treatment. METHODS: Reproducibility of HBP (n = 172 for systolic blood pressure and n = 137 for diastolic blood pressure) and the placebo effect on HBP (n = 35 for systolic and n = 42 for diastolic blood pressure) were examined using a semi-automatic electronic device on untreated hypertensive subjects during 21 consecutive days of measurements. From these two studies, the number of subjects required in order to observe a significant antihypertensive drug effect was assessed. In both studies, measurements from the first 3 days were excluded from the analysis. RESULTS: Reproducibility, defined as the difference between the initial 5 day average (days 4-8) and the last 5 day average (days 17-21) was -1.9 +/- 7.0/-1.4 +/- 4.8 mmHg (mean +/- SD), indicating high reproducibility with a minimal regression to the mean effect. A placebo was administered after the 8 day run-in period. The difference between the initial 5 day average (days 4-8) and the last 5 day average (days 17-21) was compared. The mean difference was 1.1 +/- 6.2/0.2 +/- 5.7 mmHg, suggesting that there was a minimal, if any, placebo effect. As determined by the power calculations, based on the standard deviations of the tests for reproducibility and the placebo effect, nine of 13 subjects are required to show that a 9/5 mmHg decrease in systolic HBP/diastolic HBP (50% of estimated effective decrease in systolic HBP/diastolic HBP according to the guidelines for clinical trials in Japan) is statistically significant CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the HBP measurement is highly reproducible and that there is a minimal, if any, placebo effect. These characteristics of HBP contribute to minimizing the number of subjects necessary for assessment of antihypertensive drug effects in comparative studies between an active treatment and placebo.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Effects of exercise training on home blood pressure values in older adults: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of exercise training on the blood pressure (BP) values of older adults, using home blood pressure measurement. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS: A total of thirty-nine free-living older adults (including 19 men) aged from 60-81 years with home systolic blood pressure > 120 mmHg and without significant cardiopulmonary-musculoskeletal disease, were randomly allocated to either 25 weeks of exercise training (exercise group) or to a control program (control group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Change in the 2-week averages of home systolic and diastolic blood pressure values measured with a validated automatic device before, during and after the intervention period. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the exercise group showed a significant decrease in values for home systolic blood pressure (maximum between-group difference = 7.7 mmHg, P = 0.003) and home diastolic blood pressure (4.2 mmHg, P = 0.001). These changes were observed for both genders. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise training was effective for older adults in lowering home blood pressure values. This is the first trial to demonstrate the usefulness of home blood pressure measurement in examining the effect of exercise training on blood pressure values.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Aldosterone synthase gene (CYP11B2) C-334T polymorphism, ambulatory blood pressure and nocturnal decline in blood pressure in the general Japanese population: the Ohasama Study.

OBJECTIVE: The C-344T polymorphism in the 5'-flanking region of the aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) gene has been suggested to be associated with hypertension and disturbed circadian blood pressure (BP) rhythm through its effect on aldosterone synthesis. However, previous findings on this topic have been inconsistent. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We investigated the CYP11B2 C-344T genotype in 802 subjects, aged 40 and over, in a Japanese community, who gave written informed consent and were monitored for 24 h ambulatory BP. RESULTS: The frequencies of the CC, CT, and TT genotypes in these Japanese subjects were 0.14, 0.44, and 0.42, showing a higher frequency of the T allele (0.64) than in Caucasians. Although there was no significant difference in 24 h ambulatory BP levels among the genotypes, the nocturnal decline in BP was significantly greater in the CC homozygous subjects than in other subjects (P = 0.0065 for systolic and P = 0.031 for diastolic decline in nocturnal BP). Detailed analyses demonstrated that this association was significant only in aged (60 years and over) or male subjects. The prevalence of previous cardiovascular disease was significantly less in these subjects with the CC genotype than in those with the TC and TT genotypes, although age, body mass index, male gender, smoking, use of alcohol and antihypertensive medication did not differ among the three genotypes. There was no significant difference among the three genotypes in biochemical and hormonal parameters. CONCLUSION: Although the C-344 T polymorphism of CYP11B2 did not directly influence the level of 24 h BP, the CC genotype was associated with decreased nocturnal BP in elderly or male Japanese. Since prevalence of previous cardiovascular disease was significantly less in homozygous CC subjects, greater nocturnal BP decline in this genotype appears to be beneficial in the circadian BP rhythm.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Predictive values of automated blood pressure measurement: what can we learn from the Japanese population - the Ohasama study.

BACKGROUND: Measurements of ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and of home blood pressure (HBP) as an adjunct to casual/clinic blood pressure (CBP) measurements are currently widely used for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. We have monitored a rural cohort of people from the population of Ohasama, Japan, with respect to their prognosis and have previously reported that ABP and HBP are superior to CBP for the prediction of cardiovascular mortality. One reason that CBP is a poor predictor of prognosis is that it incorporates several biases, including the white-coat effect. METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined the prognostic significance of white-coat hypertension for mortality and found that the relative hazard for the overall mortality of patients with white-coat hypertension was significantly lower than that for true hypertension. Short-term blood pressure variability has recently attracted attention as a cause of target-organ damage and cardiovascular complications. Our results confirmed that short-term blood pressure variability (as measured every 30 min) was independently associated with cardiovascular mortality. In addition, research has recently focused on isolated systolic hypertension and pulse pressure as independent risk factors for poor cardiovascular prognosis. The Ohasama study also clearly demonstrated that isolated systolic hypertension and increased pulse pressure, as assessed by HBP, were associated with an increase in the risk of cardiovascular mortality. Circadian blood pressure variation is characterized by a diurnal elevation and a nocturnal decline in blood pressure. We therefore compared morbidity from stroke between dippers (subjects who show an ordinal nocturnal dipping of blood pressure) and non-dippers (those with a diminished nocturnal dipping or nocturnal elevation of blood pressure [inverted dippers]) in the Ohasama study. The incidence of stroke increased with an increased length of observation in dippers using antihypertensive medication but not in non-dippers using antihypertensive medication. In contrast, the relative hazard for mortality increased in non-dippers and inverted dippers. These results suggest a cause-and-effect relationship for both dippers and non-dippers. CONCLUSION: The Ohasama study showed that the level and variability of hypertension as assessed by ABP and HBP are independent predictors of cardiovascular mortality. It also demonstrated an independent association between the prognosis of hypertension and each component of ABP and HBP, indicating the prognostic significance of these blood pressure measurements.

Bias↗
PubMed2001

The orphan nuclear receptor NOR-1 interacts with the homeobox containing protein Six3.

Neuron-derived orphan receptor 1 (NOR-1) is a member of the NGFI-B subfamily within the nuclear receptor superfamily. In order to identify cofactors that associate with NOR-1 in the fetal forebrain, we tested a yeast two-hybrid system with the NOR-1 cDNA fragment lacking a transactivating domain as a bait. By screening of the rat fetal brain embryonic day 17 library, a rat homologue of Six3 was identified as an associated protein. We demonstrated that NOR-1 interacted with Six3 in yeast and in vitro, and the association was required for the DNA binding and AF2 domains of NOR-1. Regarding the other members of the family (NGFI-B and RNR-1), association with Six3 was not observed in yeast. In addition, cotransfection experiments with Six3 and NOR-1 indicated that Six3 had a negative activity against the transactivation by NOR-1 through the NBRE response element in a dose-dependent manner. The overlap in expression of NOR-1 and Six3 was mainly detected in the rat fetal forebrain on embryonic day 18. Thereafter, the expression of both genes diminished rapidly. These results suggest that a dimer consisting of a homeobox containing protein Six3 and transcriptional factor NOR-1 might regulate gene expression during the late stage of the fetal forebrain development. This study provides, after the association of Ftz and Ftz-F1 in Drosophila, another example of a dimer formation of a homeobox protein and an orphan nuclear receptor.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2001

Tyrosine phosphorylation of p120(ctn) in v-Src transfected L cells depends on its association with E-cadherin and reduces adhesion activity.

Cadherins are transmembrane glycoproteins involved in Ca2+-dependent cell-cell adhesion. Using L cells expressing one of three functional E-cadherin constructs, the wild-type, a chimeric molecule with alpha-catenin (EalphaC), and a tail-less one, we determined the effect of v-Src expression on E-cadherin-mediated adhesion. The aggregation of L cells expressing the wild-type or EalphaC chimeric protein, which both interact with p120(ctn), was reduced by v-Src expression, whereas that of L cells expressing the tail-less E-cadherin was not affected by the expression. Tyrosine phosphorylation of p120(ctn) was observed in v-Src-transformed L cells expressing the wild-type or EalphaC chimeric protein, but not in ones expressing the tail-less E-cadherin. Thus, tyrosine phosphorylation of p120(ctn) depends on the complex formation with E-cadherin and the resulting membrane localization. Constitutive phosphorylation of p120(ctn) on serine and threonine residues also depends on the complex formation and membrane localization. Coexpression of the p120(ctn) protein with an N-terminal deletion, which eliminates some potential tyrosine phosphorylation sites, or the protein with a single amino acid substitution (tyrosine at 217 to phenylalanine) resulted in an increase in the aggregation of v-Src-transformed EL and EalphaCL cells. These results indicate that tyrosine phosphorylation of p120(ctn) is involved in the v-Src modulation of E-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion.

Amino Acid Substitution↗
PubMed2001

Plasma, intestine and tumor levels of 5-fluorouracil in mice bearing L1210 ascites tumor following oral administration of 5-fluorouracil, UFT (mixed compound of tegafur and uracil), carmofur and 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine.

Several 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) derivatives, 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU), 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR) and UFT (mixed compound of tegafur and uracil), have been developed and clinically widely used. However, comparative pharmacokinetic studies of the parent compound and other fluorinated drivatives have not been precisely reported. The dosage of the oral clinical use for human cancer of 5-FU, HCFU, 5'-DFUR and UFT as tegafur (FT) is 200-300mg/d, 600mg/d, 800-1,200mg/d and 300-600mg/d respectively. These amounts of the drugs are almost equimolar. Previously, we reported the effect of oral equimolar administration of each four drugs on thymidilate synthase activity, deoxyribonucleotide metabolism and cell cycle progression in L1210 ascites tumor. (1,2) In this study, we examined the antitumor effect and 5-FU concentration in the plasma, intestine and tumor after oral equimolar administrations of each drug using BDF1 mice bearing L1210 ascites tumor. In our study, UFT showed the best life prolongation among these four drugs. The intestine 5-FU level was highest by treatment with 5-FU during the initial 4 h. The plasma 5-FU level was highest by treatment with HCFU for 4 h. But the tumor 5-FU level was highest by treatment with UFT over the 24 h. In spite of the high plasma 5-FU concentration after the treatment with HCFU, the 5-FU concentration in the tumor was below the detectable level until 24 h. These findings suggested that the highest specific accumulation of 5-FU in tumor cells may explain the best therapeutic results of UFT.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2001

[Development of measurement of new quinolones in body fluids by HPLC using column switching and their application to drug interaction].

A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay was developed for the determination of 6 new quinolones in the plasma. The plasma samples were directly introduced onto a HPLC column after filtering through a Molcut II membrane filter, which removes high molecular weight proteins. New quinolone in filtrate was separated from interfering substances and retained on a pre-column using an ODS stationary phase and then was introduced onto an analytical column with an ODS stationary phase by column switching. New quinolones were detected by ultraviolet absorbance in the range of 269-300 nm. Determinations of new quinolones were possible over the concentration range of 50-4000 ng/ml; the limits of detection were 20 ng/ml. The recoveries of the new quinolones added to the plasma were 96.1-101.4% with a coefficient of variation of less than 5.0%. These methods were applied to drug level monitoring in the plasma of patients treated with new quinolones and in that of healthy volunteers participating in pharmacokinetic studies. In addition, these methods were applied to a drug interaction between new quinolones and metal cation (e.g.; Mg2+, Al3+ or Fe2+) containing agents. Furthermore, this method was applied to the determination of skin tissue level of ofloxacin in patients after treatment with ofloxacin. A correlation between serum levels and skin tissue levels of ofloxacin was determined for 30 patients after oral administration of ofloxacin. A good correlation was obtained and the coefficient of the correlation was 0.84.

4-Quinolones↗