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Biomedical subjects

T Ohkawa

Publications and source records attributed to T Ohkawa.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Results of long-term rice bran treatment on stone recurrence in hypercalciuric patients.

A series of 182 calcium stone formers with idiopathic hypercalciuria underwent treatment with rice bran for 1 to 94 months. Urinary calcium excretion was considerably reduced, but there was some increase in urinary phosphate and oxalate. Urinary excretion of magnesium and uric acid, serum calcium, magnesium, phosphate, uric acid, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and ALP was unaffected. There were no obvious changes in serum iron, zinc and copper even when patients were treated for long periods. Rice bran was well tolerated in almost all cases and there were no serious side effects; 49 patients have undergone treatment for more than 3 years (average duration of administration 5.09 years). The frequency of new stone formation was drastically reduced (individual stone formation rate (no./year) from 0.720 +/- 0.533 to 0.125 +/- 0.204; group stone formation rate (no./patient-year) from 0.721 to 0.120) compared with the 3-year period before treatment. During treatment, 61.2% of patients remained in remission. Although rice bran therapy should be effective in correcting absorptive hypercalciuria, there may be limits to the overall ability of rice bran monotherapy to prevent recurrence.

Calcium↗
PubMed1991

Clinical evaluation of adjuvant chemotherapy for high stage bladder cancer.

Thirty-seven patients who had undergone radical cystectomy and pelvic node dissection for pathologic stage pT2-4 and/or N+ disease received adjuvant chemotherapy involving the injection of cis-platinum alone or in its combination from June 1982 to April 1989. Adjuvant chemotherapy was performed using the following three protocols. Protocol 1 entails the administration of cis-platinum alone. Protocol 2, involving the administration of a combination of cis-platinum, adriamycin and 5-fluorouracil (CAF), was used for deeply invasive bladder cancer. Protocol 3, consisting of cis-platinum, vp-16 and adriamycin (CVA), was employed in patients with deeply invasive bladder cancer instead of protocol 2 from July 1987. Of the 37 patients, 27 were alive with no evidence of disease for an average of 42 months. One patient died as a result of factors unrelated to cancer. Local recurrence and/or distant metastases occurred in 9 patients and all died of cancer progression. The survival rate for all 37 patients at 87 months was 64.4%. The rates were 75% in pT2, 80% in pT3a, 50.8% in pT3b, and 44.4% in pT4. Although adjuvant chemotherapy combined with radical cystectomy seemed to be effective in cases with pathological stage pT3a or less, more intensive chemotherapy is needed in an attempt to improve poor prognosis in cases with pathological stages pT3b-4 or node involvement.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Ontogeny of the response of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis to maternal immobilization stress in rats.

In this study we investigated the response of the rat fetal hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to an acute maternal stress in late gestation. On day 20 of gestation, pregnant rats were exposed to forced immobilization stress for up to 60 min. In mothers, a significant increase in plasma ACTH and corticosterone(B) was observed at 20 and 60 min. The ACTH content in the maternal pituitary decreased significantly at 60 min. Fetal blood pH was decreased by the maternal stress, showing a hypoxic condition of the fetus. Fetal plasma ACTH increased transiently at 20 min. Fetal plasma B increased at 20 and 60 min. ACTH in the fetal pituitary and the placenta did not show marked changes due to the maternal stress. Pregnant rats on day 18-21 of gestation were subjected to a 20 min maternal stress. In the basal condition without stress, fetal plasma ACTH and B showed parallel ontogenic patterns, having a peak value on day 19 of gestation. Fetal plasma ACTH as well as plasma B were increased significantly by the maternal stress at all points evaluated. These results indicate that fetal hypoxia is important in stress transmission to the fetal HPA axis in this type of maternal stress, and the fetal HPA axis responds to the stress as early as day 18 of gestation.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1991

[An enzymatic determination of serum citrate with citrate lyase].

A method for the enzymatic determination of the serum citrate using citrate lyase is described. The optimum pH was equal to or higher than 8.6. Prior to the determination of the serum citrate, the samples were deproteinized with perchloric acid. After the precipitation of the proteins, potassium hydroxide was added under an ice-cooling condition in order to neutralize the solution. The recovery rates of the citrate added to serum ranged from 92% to 108%, and the coefficient of variation of triplicate assay was 4.2%. The mean serum value of 17 healthy subjects was 1.57 mg/dl, with a range of 1.03-2.03 mg/dl. In seven healthy subjects, 3 g of sodium-potassium citrate was administered orally and the serum citrate was measured 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 120 min later. The serum citrate was significantly increased in the periods between 15 and 60 min.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Citrate as an inhibitor of stone formation--with reference to intestinal citrate absorption and the influence of citrate on intestinal calcium absorption].

The response of serum citrate to the oral citrate load was studied in seven healthy subjects. Serum citrate was significantly elevated from 15 to 60 min post-load with some individual variations. In 27 stone-formers serum citrate and the response to the oral citrate administration was studied and compared with the results obtained on healthy subjects. The serum citrate concentration of stone-formers was 1.99 +/- 0.49 mg/dl as compared to 1.61 +/- 0.35 mg/dl in healthy subjects. After citrate administration serum citrate increased significantly in both groups, but no significant difference was shown in response to the oral citrate load between these two groups (3.44 +/- 0.94 mg/dl in stone-formers, 3.16 +/- 0.38 mg/dl in healthy subjects). In Sprague-Dawley rats each weighing about 200 g urinary citrate and calcium excretion were studied after administration of sodium citrate or calcium chloride or both. The concomitant equimolar administration of sodium citrate and calcium chloride did not have significant influence on urinary citrate or calcium excretion as compared when citrate or calcium was given alone. However, the calcium excretion was significantly decreased with the administration of citrate and calcium ata molar ratio of 1:2.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[A case of diphenylhydantoin-induced pneumonitis].

A 60-year-old man had been administered diphenylhydantoin (DPH) for prevention of convulsive seizures following clipping of an aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery. About one month after the commencement of DPH administration, he developed cough and low grade fever. He was treated with various antibiotics, but his condition increasingly worsened. Chest X-ray film revealed bilateral interstitial processes throughout the entire lung fields. Transbronchial lung biopsy was performed and the obtained specimen showed histological findings compatible with drug-induced pneumonitis. Administration of DPH was stopped immediately and 50 mg/day of prednisolone was started. The patient's condition rapidly improved, and the abnormal shadows on chest X-ray film gradually diminished. The lymphocyte stimulation test by DPH was positive with a stimulation index of 282%.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

The effect of an acute stress in late pregnancy on hypothalamic catecholamines of the rat fetus.

Prenatal stress in the last trimester of pregnancy induces permanent disorders in sex-specific differentiation of the brain in rats. In order to determine the neuroendocrine response of the fetal hypothalamus to the maternal stress, we investigated the temporal change in fetal hypothalamic catecholamines when their mothers were exposed to an acute stress. On day 20 of gestation, pregnant rats were subjected to forced immobilization and sacrificed at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes. Plasma corticosterone reached a peak at 60 minutes of stress in mothers and fetuses. Hypothalamic norepinephrine and epinephrine decreased at 120 and 180 minutes of stress in mothers, whereas in fetuses, hypothalamic norepinephrine decreased at 120 and 180 minutes of stress, and dopamine also showed a tendency to decrease. These results suggest that maternal stress in late pregnancy decreases fetal hypothalamic norepinephrine which is involved in androgen-dependent sex differentiation of the brain.

Androgens↗
PubMed1991

[Congenital perineal lipoma with accessory scrotum: a case report].

A tumor mass covered with scrotum-like skin on its tip was found on the perineal region of 3-year-old boy since his birth. The mass was diagnosed as congenital lipoma, which was resected, because of its gradual enlargement. Histopathological findings of the tumor indicated perineal lipoma, and the scrotum-like portion was diagnosed as an accessory scrotum. In the Japanese literature, 7 congenital perineal lipomas (6 males, 1 female) have been reported and all male cases except 1 case (no description about scrotum) were accompanied with an accessory scrotum. We conclude that there may be a close relationship between congenital perineal lipoma and accessory scrotum.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

[An early phase II study of CPT-11 in gynecologic cancers. Research Group of CPT-11 in Gynecologic Cancers].

An early Phase II study of CTP-11, a new derivative of Camptothecin, in gynecologic cancers was carried out by a cooperative study group of 9 institutions. Forty-six patients were enrolled, and there were 14 cases of ovarian cancers, 7 of cervical cancer, 6 of uterine body cancers and 1 of endometrial stromal sarcoma which satisfied study criteria. The response rate in ovarian cancers was 21.4%, and in cervical cancers 42.9%, among an overall rate of 21.4%. Three out of 6 patients with objective response had undergone previous chemotherapies including cisplatin, suggesting that CPT-11 was effective for patients with no response or refractory to these therapies. Leukopenia was a major adverse reaction with an incidence of 60.0% (grade 2 or more). Gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea vomiting, anorexia and diarrhea were frequently observed (grade 2 or more; 13.3-43.3%). These were generally tolerable except in a few cases. Besides these reactions, alopecia was also observed (33.3%), but severe adverse reactions such as nephropathy were not. These results suggested that CPT-11 was effective against ovarian cancer and cervical cancer. The recommended dose regimen for a late phase II study is considered to be 100 mg/m2 once weekly and 150 mg/m2 once every 2 weeks.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical efficacy of Z-100 for the treatment of leukopenia caused by radiotherapy--a multi-center double-blind comparative study with inosine].

The clinical usefulness and the optimal dose of Z-100 for the treatment of leukopenia caused by radiotherapy for malignant tumors was evaluated in a double-blind study comparing 20 micrograms and 30 micrograms injections of Z-100 and inosine (Z-20, Z-30 and IN group, respectively). The effective rate according to the evaluation by the attending physicians was 67.4%, 79.1% and 48.9% in the Z-30, Z-20 and IN groups, respectively, with a significantly higher efficacy rate for the Z-20 group than for the IN group. The frequency of adverse reactions was 14.3%, 3.9% and 5.6% in the Z-30, Z-20 and IN groups, respectively, with the highest rate in the Z-30 group, but there was no significant difference among the three groups. The useful rate based on total evaluation considering the effective rate and the safety profile in each group was 60.8%, 77.3% and 46.8% in the Z-30, Z-20 and IN groups, respectively, with the highest rate in the Z-20 group showing significant difference from that in the IN group. The above data confirmed the clinical usefulness of Z-100 and suggested that the optimal dose was 20 micrograms twice weekly for Z-100.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical efficacy of Z-100 for the treatment of leukopenia caused by radiotherapy--a multi-center double-blind comparative study with L-cysteine].

The clinical usefulness of Z-100 (Z group) for the treatment of leukopenia caused by radiotherapy for malignant tumors was evaluated by comparing it with that of L-cysteine (L group) by the double-blind method. For 178 complete cases, there were no significant differences in the time-course of the WBC during radiotherapy between the two group. However, for cases with a large field of irradiation (15 X 15 cm = 225 cm2), the mean WBC count in the L group decreased more than that in the Z group. The Z group showed comparable or superior efficacy for the treatment of leukopenia in the L group although there were no significant differences. Adverse reactions were observed in 5.66% and 2.94% in the Z and L groups, respectively, without any significant difference between the groups. The utility rate, useful or better, was 73.9% and 69.2% in the Z and L groups, respectively, showing a slightly higher rate in the Z group than in the L group, although the difference between the two groups was not significant. These results confirmed that Z-100 has comparable or superior efficacy to L-cysteine for the treatment of leukopenia caused by large field radiotherapy for malignant tumors.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical evaluation of patients with relapsed prostatic carcinoma].

A retrospective clinical study of 41 patients with prostatic carcinoma relapsing after endocrine therapy at Wakayama Medical College from 1972 to 1987 was reported. Patient's age was from 51 to 80, with an average of 69.8 years. Initial clinical stage was A in 2 patients, C in 12, D in 26 patients and unknown in one. Pathological grade at the first visit was well-differentiated cell type in 4 patients, moderately differentiated in 13, poorly differentiated in 23 patients and unknown in one. Of 41 patients, 32 had a local progression and 26 had an appearance or progression of metastasis. Several factors which might be related to the interval between initial endocrine therapy and relapse were analysed. Following factors such as poorly differentiated cell type, stage D, high Gleason score and increase in acid phosphatase level were revealed to be related to the short interval. Chemotherapy consisting of various agents and their combination has not been able to improve the survival of the patients with relapsed prostatic carcinoma. 1-year survival rate of all cases after relapse was 41.3% and none of the patients survived over 3 years.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Electrical tolerance (breakdown) of the Chara corallina plasmalemma: II. Inductive property of membrane and effects of pHo and impermeable monovalent cations on breakdown phenomenon.

Changes in the chord conductance G and the membrane electromotive force Em in the so-called breakdown region of large negative potential of the Chara plasmalemma were analyzed in more detail. In addition to the increase in G, the voltage sensitivity of the change in G increased, which was the cause of marked inductive current in the breakdown region. The break-down potential, defined as a critical potential at which both low and high slope conductances of the I-Vm relationship cross, almost coincided with the potential at which an inductive current began to appear. This breakdown potential level changed with pHo in a range between 5 and 9. The Chara plasmalemma was electrically most tolerant around pHo 7. In some cells Em shifted to a positive level as large as +50 approximately +70 mV during the breakdown phenomenon. Such a large positive shift of Em is caused mainly by the increase in conductance of Cl- and partly Ca2+ and K+.

Cations, Monovalent↗
PubMed1990

Clinical study of prognostic factors of superficial bladder cancer treated with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin.

Intravesical instillation of Tokyo 172 strain Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) was performed in 96 patients with initial superficial bladder cancer (Ta and T1) after transurethral resection (TUR) of tumour as a prophylaxis against tumour recurrence. The recurrence rate of tumours was estimated by the person-years method, comparing it with that of historical controls. There were statistically significant decreases in recurrent tumours following BCG therapy. To clarify the efficacy of intravesical BCG therapy, the prognostic significance of several factors was evaluated in patients with bladder cancer treated with TUR and instillation of BCG. The prophylactic effects were statistically better for those with multiple tumours, grade 3 lesions or Ta lesions than for control patients. No correlation between purified protein derivative (PPD) responsiveness and favourable results could be observed. Our results suggest that intravesical BCG instillation can alter the biological behaviour that affects the recurrence of superficial bladder cancer, especially for multiple, high grade or Ta tumours.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1990

[Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillation therapy in superficial bladder cancers--clinical study on prognostic factors].

Intravesical instillation of Tokyo 172 strain bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) was performed on 137 patients with superficial bladder cancer (Ta and T1) after transurethral tumor resection as a prophylaxis against tumor recurrence. The recurrence rate of tumors was compared with that of historical controls and was estimated by the person-years method. There were statistically significant decreases in recurrent tumors following BCG therapy. To clarify the efficacy of intravesical BCG therapy, prognostic significance of several factors were evaluated in 90 patients with initial bladder cancer treated with TUR and BCG instillation, and compared to those of controls. Prophylactic effects were statistically better for those with multiple tumors, grade 3 lesions or Ta lesions than for control patients. No correlation between purified protein derivative responsiveness and favorable results could detected. There were no marked side effects or fatal complications of BCG therapy during the observation periods. Our results suggest that BCG is able to change the biological behavior of superficial bladder cancers with multiple, high grade or low stage lesions. The intravesical BCG instillation seems to be effective and safe as a prophylaxis against the recurrence of superficial bladder tumors.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1990

Growth and spread of causative agent of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in intraperitoneally infected mice.

The progression of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) was studied in ddY mice infected intraperitoneally with the Fukuoka-1 strain, a transmissible agent isolated from a CJD patient in Japan. Infectivity became detectable simultaneously in the brain, the spleen and the liver, i.e. 19 weeks after inoculation. Infectivity titer ranged from 10(2) to 10(3) LD50/g in all three organs up to 35 weeks, in contrast to intracerebrally infected mice in which the content of infectious CJD agent is higher in the brain than in the liver and the spleen. Cuffs appeared in the brain roughly four times in the period from 3 to 37 weeks after inoculation. The observed infectivity was discussed in relation to the appearance of cuffs in the brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[An early clinical study of Z-100 in leukopenia caused by radiotherapy].

The clinical efficacy of Z-100 for the treatment of leukopenia caused by radiotherapy for malignant tumors was evaluated in an early clinical study using three doses, 2, 10 and 20 micrograms. According to the evaluation by investigators and time-course of WBC, the highest effective rate was achieved by 20 micrograms. Adverse reactions occurred in all groups, but there were no serious or clinically relevant reactions. These results suggested that Z-100 is clinically useful for the treatment of leukopenia caused by radiotherapy.

Adult↗