Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Ohashi

Publications and source records attributed to T Ohashi.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Abnormal electrocochleography after excision of acoustic neuroma.

Pre-, per- and post-operative ECoG findings obtained from a 43-year-old woman with an acoustic neuroma were studied. Although CAP presented a normal waveform in response to click during the whole process of the operation, it was transformed into an abnormally broadened negative waveform in shape with a mild hearing exacerbation, and has remained unchanged up to the present. This broad response was considered to be a receptor potential, because it showed no adaptational amplitude reduction. Additionally, postoperative ECoG to tone burst stimuli demonstrated an increase in DC potential following the stimulus envelope. Consequently, the broad negative response to click was considered to be mainly composed of an enlarged negative SP. The generation mechanism underlying the phenomenon of an abnormally increased negative SP found after the excision of an acoustic neuroma is discussed, with reference to several items in the literature. Similar responses in the postoperative ECoG of patients with acoustic neuromas obtained by us in the past were given as additional examples. CAP as an indicator for intraoperative monitoring can hardly predict postoperative auditory function. It is to be hoped that a more reliable auditory monitoring method during the operation will be established.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Antibodies of type II collagen and immune complexes in Menière's disease.

In a previous study, we showed that endolymphatic hydrops was induced in 36% of guinea pigs immunized with type II collagen and that dominant negative summating potential (SP) was recorded for these hydropic animals. In the present study, we evaluated the levels of serum antibody to type II collagen and three other immune indexes in patients with Menière's disease, especially those who showed negative SP dominance in ECoG. Twenty-nine Menière's cases, 22 normal volunteers serving as controls, 28 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cases, and 9 patients complaining of vertigo were examined to detect serum immune indexes. Menière's patients exhibited high values of serum anti-type II collagen antibody compared with control subjects. Furthermore, total IgG, C3, anti-type II collagen antibody and CIC were increased with the highest levels being in the RA group, followed by Menière's disease group and then the control group. These results probably reflect the extent of immune reaction development. The immune response may be generalized in RA cases and/or local in Menière's disease. These results suggest the development of certain immune status abnormalities in our cases, which lends support to the idea of immunologic disorder playing a role in the etiology of some cases of Menière's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Atypical osteomyelitis of the temporal bone.

Osteomyelitis of the temporal bone is a rare disease. The diagnosis and treatment of atypical osteomyelitis of the temporal bone in a 54-year-old woman was reported. The left temporal bone swelling grew slowly from age 9 with only slight deep-seated pain in the temporal area. This condition was assumed to be due to fibrous dysplasia or some benign tumor. It is supposed that exploratory and inadequate mastoidectomies performed on patients age 16 to 19 years might trigger temporal bone osteomyelitis. Extensive surgical debridement followed by antibiotic therapy for 4 weeks yielded good results, and now 2 years after treatment, no signs of recurrence have been observed. The utility of the gallium scan was confirmed for evaluation of disease activity.

Female↗
PubMed1996

Surgical treatment for caustic ingestion injury of the pharynx, larynx, and esophagus.

A 45-year-old female drank Sunpole (9.5% hydrochloric acid), an acidic toilet cleaner, in a suicide attempt. Notwithstanding intravenous administration of steroids and bougienage dilation, corrosive changes progressed. The patient underwent surgery for severe caustic ingestion injury of the pharynx, larynx, and esophagus. Colon bypass surgery from the left vallecula to the stomach was performed. Excellent results, both in deglutition and phonation, were obtained. We report on the case and stress several points of importance in dealing with severe caustic ingestion injuries.

Caustics↗
PubMed1996

US-guided drainage of deep neck space abscess.

Infection of oropharyngeal or upper airway origin may extend to potential spaces formed by fascial planes of the cervical area. These space infections have been greatly reduced by modern antibiotic therapy. However, serious complications continue to occur. An 18-year-old man who presented with neck mass was admitted and treated. He underwent ultrasonically guided drainage procedure using Percuflex drainage catheter within 6 h of his arrival. He was discharged from the hospital 10 days later. Although it is still thought that early open surgical drainage is the most appropriate method for treatment of deep cervical abscess, early treatment with a drainage catheter such as Percuflex may replace surgery. Life threatening complications can thus be avoided with good cosmetic results and rapid recovery.

Abscess↗
PubMed1996

Three cases of eosinophilic lymphfolliculoid granuloma of the soft tissue originating from the parotid gland.

Two women aged 33 and 57 years respectively, and a man aged 40 years visited our hospital complaining of swelling of the parotid gland region. The diagnosis of eosinophilic lymphfolliculoid granuloma of the soft tissue (Kimura's disease) based on laboratory findings was made in all 3 cases. Patient 1 received radiation therapy followed by surgery, and Patients 2 and 3 were treated with antiallergics and antiinflammatory agents after surgery. Satisfactory results were obtained in all cases. Although Kimura's disease is a benign tumor, no established therapy is available so far, and a high recurrence rate is the major concern. Based on our experience and treatments reported in the literature, we conclude that a combination therapy consisting mainly of surgery is the most effective treatment of Kimura's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Two cases of esophageal diverticula.

Two cases of pharyngoesophageal diverticula were reported with reference to previous studies. Definite diagnosis was established by esophagography. The surgical treatment is generally conducted in accordance with Goodman-Parnes' criteria for surgical indication. We also carried out surgery on the basis of this criteria. One-stage diverticulectomy was performed and favorable results with no postoperative complications were obtained.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[A case with perineuritis].

We reported a 62-year-old woman with perineuritis. She suffered from dysesthesia in the right radial wrist. One month later, dysesthesia in the left radial wrist occurred. Four months later, dysesthesia developed in both soles of the foot. On a neurologic examination, hypalgesia, hypesthesia, dysesthesia and areflexia were disclosed. Sensory disturbance was a distal dominant distribution. Serum anti-Borrelia burgdorferi antibody was not detected. Cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed normal protein content and cell numbers. Motor nerve conduction velocities were normal, but the sensory nerve conduction velocity of median nerve, ulnar nerve and sural nerve could not be elicited. Sural nerve biopsy revealed marked thickening of perineurium and infiltration of mononuclear cells in and around the perineurium. The infiltration of mononuclear cells was also observed around middle-sized epineurial artery and arterioles. Treatment with daily 40 mg of prednisolone only relieved the dysesthsia. After treatment with daily 60 mg of prednisolone the sensory disturbance was gradually improved. Sensory nerve potential could be evolved seven months later.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1996

Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies preceded by de-Toni-Debré-Fanconi syndrome or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

We report two rare cases of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies which were preceded by renal diseases. One occurred in an 11-year-old girl diagnosed with Kearns-Sayre syndrome, which was preceded by de-Toni-Debré-Fanconi syndrome 8 years previously. The other occurred in a 14-year-old girl diagnosed with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes, who developed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 3 years prior to confirmation of the diagnosis. Tissue from both patient demonstrated morphological abnormalities of the mitochondria in the distal renal tubular epithelium and leiomyocytes of the small renal artery. The present cases illustrate various clinical and morphologic evidence of renal diseases which may further our understanding of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Coronary reoperation--selection of conduit material and management of stenotic vein graft].

We have operated upon 30 cases of coronary reoperation during the past 12 years. The mean interval between the two operations was 46 months. The mean follow-up after reoperation was 61 months. The major reasons for reoperation were graft failure from technical problems in early and time-related degeneration in graft and native coronary progression in late cases. We aggressively have replaced the stenotic and obstructed vein graft with the arterial graft at reoperation since 1990. Hypoperfusion syndrome is clinical entity reported secondary to inadequate flow via the internal thoracic artery. For patients with atherosclerotic vein grafts to the LAD, the minimal manipulation of the old vein graft, adding the IMA graft to the LAD and leaving the stenotic vein graft intact appear to be safe and better procedure for long-term results. There were no operative and hospital death. Five and 10 years survival rate were 100% and 90% respectively. Five and 10 years event free rate were 92.1% and 82.9% respectively. The outcome of reoperation was satisfactory.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Emergent coronary bypass grafting after acute myocardial infarction].

In an attempt to examine various factors affecting the short- and long-term results of emergent coronary bypass graft surgery (ECABG) after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), all patients undergoing ECABG without associated procedures at our institution from January 1987 to July 1995 were reviewed. Forty eight patients underwent ECABG after AMI. The hospital mortality rate was 20.8%. The charts of these patients were reviewed with regard to sex, age, preoperative shock, location of AMI, type of infarction, coronary anatomy, presence of postinfarction angina, technique of myocardial preservation, use of saphenous vein graft (SVG) alone, time from AMI to operation and short and long-term outcome. Univariate analyses showed that three factors were significantly associated with increased hospital death: preoperative shock (p = 0.001), type of infarction (p = 0.01), use of SVG alone (p = 0.003). Follow-up was 100% complete at a mean time of 36.4 +/- 4.8 months. Of all patients 77.0% were alive at 5 years after operation. Univariate comparison of survival curves and coronary event free curves showed that use of SVG alone was associated with decreased survival (p = 0.0009) and event free (p = 0.02) rates. Patients with non-Q-wave infarction and without cardiogenic shock may undergo ECABG relatively safely at any time. The use of internal thoracic artery at ECABG without cardiogenic shock does not increase hospital mortality and improves both long-term survival and freedom from coronary events.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Nitric oxide induces c-fos gene expression via cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation in rat retinal pigment epithelium.

We have examined whether nitric oxide (NO) induces the expression of c-fos proto-oncogene and the phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) in the rat retina. NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was injected into the vitreal cavity of the eye, and the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) was analysed by in situ hybridization using single-stranded RNA probes for c-fos transcripts and by immunocytochemistry using an anti-phospho Ser-133 antibody 20 min after the injection of SNP, phosphorylated-CREB immunoreactivity was found in RPE cells and weakly in some cells of the INL. Forty-five min after the SNP injection, the expression of c-fos mRNA was detected in the RPE. These results suggested that NO induced the c-fos expression via the phosphorylation of CREB in RPE cells, as it has been demonstrated in PC12 cells that the transcription of c-fos gene was activated by the CREB phosphorylation.

Activating Transcription Factor 2↗
PubMed1995

[The effects of insulin and glucose on the utilization of non-esterified fatty acid in the resting rat skeletal muscle].

The present study was undertaken to clarify the effects of insulin and glucose on the utilization of non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) in the resting rat skeletal muscle using the perfusion technique. The 24hr-starved and non-starved rat hind limbs were perfused for one hour with the perfusion mediums containing 1mM palmitate and various concentrations of glucose and insulin, and sampling was performed to calculate the clearance of NEFA (F value). In the absence of glucose, the F value of the starved rat hind limb was less than that of the non-starved rats, independently of insulin concentrations (0 and 125 microU/ml) in the perfusion medium (p < 0.02). Moreover, there was no influence of insulin on the F value in both the starved and the non-starved groups. In the presence of 13.9mM glucose, there were no statistically significant differences in the F value without insulin between the non-starved and starved groups. However, the F value was increased in the presence of 62.5 or 125 microU/ml insulin, compared with that in the absence of insulin (p < 0.001), although when the insulin concentration was elevated to 500 microU/ml, it was decreased. Both in the non-starved and the starved groups independently of insulin concentrations, the F value in the glucose-added condition was increased, compared with that in the absence of glucose. These results indicated that the utilization of NEFA in the resting rat skeletal muscle was facilitated by the moderate supply of glucose, although it was suppressed by the presence of abundant glucose.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Induction of sequence-specific DNA-binding factors by erythropoietin and the spleen focus-forming virus.

The signal transduction mechanism of erythropoietin (Epo), which regulates growth and differentiation of erythroid cells, is still unclear. Recent studies showing the activation by various ligands of a group of proteins called Stat (signal transducers and activators of transcription) proteins raised the possibility that such proteins may also be involved in the Epo signal transduction pathway. In this report, we show that Epo induces factors that specifically bind to the sis-inducible element and the gamma response region of the Fc gamma receptor factor I gene in the Epo-dependent mouse erythroleukemia cell line HCD-57. These factors contain phosphotyrosine and antibodies against Stat1 and Stat3 proteins reacted with them. In HCD-57 cells infected with Friend spleen focus-forming virus, which now grow in an Epo-independent manner, the DNA-binding factors were constitutively activated even in the absence of Epo. These results suggest that the factors induced by Epo contain components identical or related to known Stat proteins. It is also suggested that continuous activation of these DNA-binding factors may be responsible for the ability of spleen focus-forming virus to abrogate the Epo-dependence of HCD-57 cells and cause erythroleukemia in susceptible mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Amphoteric drugs. 3. Synthesis and antiallergic activity of 3-[(5,11-dihydro[1]benzoxepino[4,3-b]pyridin-11- ylidene)piperidino]propionic acid derivatives and related compounds.

An important approach to the design of antiallergic agents with reduced penetration into the central nervous system (CNS) is described. A series of 3-[(5,11- dihydro[1]benzoxepino[4,3-b]-pyridin-11-ylidene)piperidino]propion ic acid derivatives (31-47) and related compounds (48-54) were synthesized and evaluated for antiallergic activity and penetration of a compound into the CNS in comparison with the corresponding 6H-dibenz[b,e]oxepin derivative (3). Combination of zwitterionization and introduction of a pyridine component resulted in an increase in antiallergic activity and a great reduction of penetration into the CNS, which was evaluated by the selectivity (B/A) of antihistaminic activities in the central system [ID50 value (B) for ex vivo H1 binding to mouse brain membranes] and in the peripheral system [ED50 value (A) for inhibitory effect on histamine-induced increase in vascular permeability in mice]. This surprising reduction of penetration into the CNS could be considered on the basis of an increase in hydrophilicity caused by both of the zwitterionization and the introduction of a pyridine component. 3-[4-(8-Fluoro-5,11-dihydro[1]benzoxepino[4,3- b]pyridin-11-ylidene)piperidino]propionic acid (33) exhibited a strong antiallergic effect in various experimental models and very low penetration into the CNS. Compound 33 (HSR-609) is now under clinical trial as a promising antiallergic agent with greatly reduced penetration into the CNS.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Inhibition of Na+/H+ exchanger attenuates neutrophil-mediated reperfusion injury.

BACKGROUND: The effect of Na+/H+ exchange inhibition in neutrophil-induced reperfusion injury was investigated using a new amiloride analogue, 5-methyl-N-isobutyl amiloride (MIA). METHODS: Rat neutrophils were separated using Percoll gradient. Luminol chemiluminescence intensity of isolated neutrophils was depressed by MIA in a dose-dependent manner. RESULTS: The effect of MIA on neutrophil-induced reperfusion injury was evaluated in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts subjected to 30 minutes of normothermic ischemia. Postischemic left ventricular developed pressure recovery was depressed by the reperfusion with neutrophils (60% +/- 7% to 33% +/- 26%) and was reverted by MIA pretreatment (86% +/- 17%, p < 0.05). MIA also improved percent recovery of coronary flow (51% +/- 2% to 70% +/- 13%), reduced creatine kinase (0.28 +/- 0.1 to 0.085 +/- 0.03 IU.L-1.g-1 dry wt), and lactate dehydrogenase leakage (10.6 +/- 3.8 to 5.16 +/- 1.3 IU.L-1.g-1 dry wt) significantly. The incidence of reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation also was reduced by MIA. CONCLUSIONS: The inhibition of Na+/H+ exchange shows a protective effect against neutrophil-induced reperfusion injury possibly by inhibiting the activation of neutrophils.

Amiloride↗
PubMed1995

Molecular cloning of equine interleukin-1 alpha and -beta cDNAs.

Equine interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and IL-1 beta were molecularly cloned to establish a basis for research on inflammatory and immune responses in the horse. Equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and cDNA clones of equine IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta covering the whole coding sequences were isolated from them. These equine IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta clones contained open reading frames encoding 271 and 269 amino acids, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequence of equine IL-1 alpha showed 71.6% and 60.2% similarity with that of human and murine IL-1 alpha, respectively. Similarly, the amino acid sequence of equine IL-1 beta showed 66.7% and 61.8% similarity with that of human and murine IL-1 beta, respectively. In both equine IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta, amino acids at miristoylation sites were well conserved. Dot blot analysis indicated that the expression of IL-1 beta was predominant to that of IL-1 alpha in equine PBMC stimulated with LPS or phorbol myristate acetate.

Amino Acid Sequence↗