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Biomedical subjects

T Ohara

Publications and source records attributed to T Ohara.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Surgical treatment of the malignant mediastinal tumors--with special reference to prosthetic reconstruction of superior vena cava].

Sixteen patients with the malignant mediastinal tumors compromising the superior vena cava (SVC) and brachiocephalic veins (BCV) were treated from April 1974 to March 1987. SVC reconstruction by prosthesis combined with or without tumor resection were performed in 6 cases and removal of the tumor with partial resection of SVC and right BCV in one case. Two patients died within one month and two patients survived over 5 years postoperatively. Tumor resection, removal of the right lung and SVC wall, and patch angioplasty were performed in one patient who died three and one half months postoperatively. Resection of the tumor and left BCV were performed in 4 patients. Segmentally resected left BCV was reconstructed with interposed graft in two, prosthesis was implanted between left BCV and right atrium in one and no venous reconstruction was attempted in one. Three patients are alive and one patient died six and one half years after operation. Exploratory mediastinotomy was carried out in 3 cases and radiation therapy alone in one case. All but one patients died within one year after diagnosis. Though the long term results of the surgical treatment for malignant mediastinal tumor was not satisfactory, extensive resection of the tumor was worth attempting, as the patency rate of the prosthetic venous reconstruction was improved.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Extension and reduction of surgery of cancer occupying mainly the upper third part of the stomach--indications and limitations].

To improve the therapeutic result of patients with advanced carcinoma of the upper third of the stomach, it is necessary to extend further the range of resection and dissection especially in case of invading the lower esophagus with serosal involvement. The extended surgery consists of the following: abdominophrenicotomy or abdominothoractomy, lower esophagectomy and total gastrectomy, dissecting completely the second group of nodes combined with distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy, a block resection of adjacent organs in case of direct invasion, and even dissection of nodes in the lower mediastinum, within the hepatoduodenal ligament, behind the head of the pancreas and along the superior mesenteric vein. Operative procedures are, however, to be palliative in case of moderate or severe peritoneal or hepatic involvements or distant metastasis to the fourth group of nodes. Reduced procedures in case of no serosal invasion nor lymph node metastasis consist of 1/2 proximal gastrectomy and of dissection of the first group of nodes especially in superficial carcinoma. However, in cases free from serosal invasion but with metastasis to the first group of nodes or in cases with a slight serosal invasion, total gastrectomy with dissection up to the second group of nodes is recommended.

Gastrectomy↗
PubMed1987

Metabolism of plasma fibronectin in rabbits with experimental hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.

We previously reported that the concentration of plasma fibronectin (pFN) is increased in patients with hyperthyroidism and decreased in those with hypothyroidism. In this work, labeled pFN was given intravenously to euthyroid, hyperthyroid, and hypothyroid rabbits to examine its metabolism in states of thyroid dysfunction. In euthyroid rabbits, the serum concentration of thyroxine (T4) was 2.94 +/- 0.59 micrograms/dL, and that of pFN was 24.2 +/- 1.2 mg/dL. With 125I-FN as tracer, the half life was estimated as 72.8 +/- 2.6 hours, the fractional catabolic rate (FCR) as 2.08 +/- 0.07%/h, the rate of synthesis (SR) as 3.84 +/- 0.20 mg/kg/day and j1/j2 (the ratio of the exchange coefficients between intravascular and extravascular compartments) of pFN as 0.295 +/- 0.051. With 3H-FN as tracer, these values were not significantly different. In hyperthyroid rabbits, obtained by treatment with I-thyroxine, the serum T4 concentration was increased to 5.73 +/- 1.58 micrograms/dL and the pFN concentration to 29.6 +/- 2.2 mg/dL. In these animals, the half life of pFN was shortened to 59.8 +/- 1.0 hour, the FCR was slightly increased to 3.07 +/- 0.52%/h and the SR was greatly increased to 7.13 +/- 1.17 mg/kg/d. In hypothyroid rabbits, obtained by treatment with methylthiouracil, the serum T4 and pFN levels were reduced to 1.50 +/- 0.36 micrograms/dL and to 20.7 +/- 1.7 mg/dL, respectively, the FCR and SR were also decreased to 1.39 +/- 0.04%/h and 2.26 +/- 0.14 mg/kg/d, respectively. The values of j1/j2 did not significantly change during this work.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Bronchial arteries: CT demonstration with arteriographic correlation.

Dynamic computed tomography (CT) was performed in nine patients with enlarged bronchial arteries documented by arteriography. Plain and contrast-material-enhanced CT scans of two more patients with prominent bronchial arteries were retrospectively reviewed. The study was conducted to determine visibility of the bronchial artery with CT and to depict the anatomic relationship of its mediastinal portion to surrounding structures. The mediastinal portion of the bronchial artery was successfully outlined as nodular or linear densities on all dynamic CT scans. The right bronchial artery was confirmed to arise from the medial wall of the thoracic aorta, whereas the left arises from the anterior wall. Because of its retroesophageal location, the enlarged right bronchial artery can compress the posterior wall of the esophagus. It is postulated that the left bronchial artery occasionally traverses the aorticopulmonary window, recognized as nodular or linear densities below the aortic arch on CT scans.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Morphological study of the genesis and development of gastric intestinal metaplasia].

We stained 77 resected stomachs with Alcianblue and studied the distribution and the morphological features of intestinal metaplasia by macroscopic and stereoscopic observation using a clinical point drying method. And we made complete serial sections of minute metaplastic foci to study the reason why intestinal metaplasia show different features in particular areas of the stomach. The results are: Intestinal metaplasia exists both in pyloric gland area and intermediate zone in 92.2% of all cases (71/77). In intermediate zone, almost all metaplastic foci consist of complete type of intestinal metaplasia and in contrast incomplete type of it is more prevalent in pyloric gland area. The ratio of the 2 histological types in each area is not different in cases which metaplastic foci are sparse and in cases which they are extensive. Metaplastic foci are usually elevated in pyloric gland area and depressed in intermediate zone. By serial sections, many goblet cell metaplasias are observed at the flat portions of the mucosa in pyloric gland area. In intermediate zone, all minute metaplastic foci are observed at the bottoms of the grooves of the mucosa.

Female↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical study on effects of cefmetazole on severe infections accompanied by hematologic diseases].

Severe infections accompanied by hematopathy under granulocytopenic conditions were treated with cefmetazole (CMZ). Subject diseases mainly consisted of acute leukemia, agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia; combined infections were septicemia, pneumonia, fever of an undetermined origin, etc. As for causative organisms found in cases that could be examined, Gram-negative bacilli such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter cloacae were isolated, as was Staphylococcus aureus. In general, 4 g of CMZ divided into 2 administrations was given per day through intravenous injection or intravenous drip infusion. On the basis of the judgement criteria for effectiveness established by Takaku et al., the efficacy rate in this study was found to be 68%, including 2 cases that showed excellent responses to treatment of infections caused by S. aureus. Cases that showed pyretolysis within 4 days had over 1,000/microliter of neutrophils, while cases with less than 1,000/microliter showed no pyretolysis. No hepatorenal dysfunctions related to the treatment with CMZ were seen as side effects except increases of transaminase in 1 case. These results indicate that CMZ is a useful drug for the treatment of infections accompanied by hematopathy under granulocytopenic condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Alterations in lymphocyte subsets and serum immunoglobulin levels in patients with silicosis.

The numbers of total lymphocyte and lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of patients with silicosis and their serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels were studied to evaluate their immune status. The numbers of total lymphocytes and OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells tended to be decreased and the numbers of OKT3+ cells was significantly decreased (p less than 0.001), but that of OKIa-1+ cells was increased (p less than 0.001) in the patients. In the lymph nodes of the lung hilus, the ratio of OKT4+ cells to total lymphocytes was increased but that of OKT8+ cells to total lymphocytes was decreased. The serum levels of IgG and IgA were elevated in the patients with reduction in the numbers of total lymphocytes and OKT4+ cells in peripheral blood. The serum IgE levels in 17 of 82 patients were above 400 IU/ml. In 8 patients with serum IgE 82 patients were above 400 IU/ml. In 8 patients with serum IgE levels of more than 1,000 IU/ml, the numbers of total lymphocytes and OKT3+ and OKT4+ cells were decreased compared with those in controls. The following suggestions are proposed from the results: Increase and activation of helper T cells may be caused by the presentation of silica dust to macrophages in the lymph nodes, and these cells may then stimulate B cell proliferation and Ig production by B cells, resulting in increase in the serum Ig (IgG, IgA and IgE) level. Reduction in the number of OKT4+ cells helper/inducer T cells) in peripheral blood may be due to migration of helper T cells into the lymph nodes. These immunological events in patients with silicosis are probably due to the adjuvant effect of silica dust.

Adult↗