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Biomedical subjects

T Ogino

Publications and source records attributed to T Ogino.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Preliminary results of pelvic autonomic nerve-preserving surgery combined with intraoperative and postoperative radiation therapy for patients with low rectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: In Japan, lateral lymphadenectomy was widely performed for patients with stage II-III rectal tumors because it was thought to contribute to good local control, but the pelvic autonomic nerves were thus sacrificed. Although autonomic nerve-sparing surgery with lateral lymph node dissection has been tried from around 1987, the type of nerve sparing varied and the indications were not established. To examine the possibility of expanding the indications for total pelvic autonomic nerve preservation for patients with low rectal cancer, we conducted a pilot study. METHODS: Between 1993 and 1997, a total of 50 patients with low rectal cancer underwent pelvic autonomic nerve preservation with lateral lymphadenectomy of both sides and intraoperative radiation therapy followed by postoperative radiation therapy. RESULTS: The median follow-up period for surviving patients was 41 months. The 3-year local control rates for all patients, with stage I-II and stage III tumors were 88% (95% confidence interval, 78-97%), 97% (90-100%) and 73% (52-94%), respectively. The site of local recurrences was not near or within the preserved plexus. CONCLUSIONS: The preliminary results showed good local control rate for patients with stage I-II tumors. For patients with stage III tumors, the local control rate was unsatisfactory, but nerve sparing was not the cause of local recurrence. Further investigation of function-preserving surgery without decreasing curability is needed.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Function of the propeptide region in recombinant expression of active procathepsin L in Escherichia coli.

In order to determine the functional role of the procathepsin L propeptide region for the preparation of active recombinant rat cathepsin L (CL), cDNAs encoding two short-length propeptides (C-terminal 2 and 27 residues) and the full-length (96 residues) one plus the entire CL were expressed as two soluble fusion proteins with a fragment of maltose-binding protein and an insoluble fusion protein with glutathione-S-transferase in Escherichia coli, respectively. After refolding of the insoluble fusion protein, each gene product was purified to homogeneity by amylose or glutathione-Sepharose-4B affinity column, and digestion with factor Xa and alpha-thrombin under alkaline conditions (pH approximately 8.0) led to the elution of two pure short-length procathepsin Ls (PCLs) and a full-length one, respectively. The enzymatic activity, estimated by hydrolytic assaying of benzoxycarbonyl-Phe-Arg-7-(4-methyl)coumarylamide under acidic conditions (pH 5.5), indicated that the two short-length PCLs exhibited in a great loss of the activity, as compared with the full-length PCL. The CD spectra of the short-length PCLs were different from that of the full-length one. The present results clearly show that the full-length propeptide is essential for construction of the active tertiary structure of CL at the stage of recombinant protein expression, although the expression of CL itself in E. coli does not require the propeptide. Based on the tertiary structure of PCL, the propeptide region necessary for the construction of the CL active structure has been discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Snowboarder's wrist: its severity compared with Alpine skiing.

BACKGROUND: Although the upper extremity, especially the wrist, has been reported to be the most commonly injured site in snowboarding, the severity of these injuries is still unknown. The purpose of this study is to compare the severity of wrist injuries in snowboarding with those in alpine skiing for insight into the treatment of snowboarder's wrist. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cases of 11,598 patients injured while snowboarding and skiing who presented to the Zao clinic during the past 7 seasons were reviewed and compared. Demographics were studied, focusing on fractures around the wrist joint. Roentgenographically precise assessment of the distal radial fracture was performed according to AO classification. RESULTS: Snowboarders were more likely to injure the wrist than were skiers (18.7% vs. 2.5%, p<0.01). In these wrist injuries, distal radial fractures occurred at a rate of 0.28 per 1000 snowboarders and 0.008 per 1000 skiers. Comminuted and articular fractures classified as AO type A3, B and C, which required surgical treatment, were 49.4% of distal radial fractures in snowboarders and 23.8% in skiers. CONCLUSION: Wrist injury sustained while snowboarding is characterized as a severe and complex injury. Thus, we call attention to its severity in the treatment of snowboarder's wrist.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Fracture and dislocation of snowboarder's elbow.

BACKGROUND: This study focuses on the analysis of snowboarding versus skiing injuries, especially fracture, dislocation, or both, of the elbow, based on 7 years of medical records and roentgenograms of patients injured at a ski-snowboard area, Mt. Zao National Park, and demonstrates the precise characteristics of snowboard injury in the elbow region. METHODS: A retrospective study of 1,445 injured snowboarders and 10,152 injured skiers was undertaken to assess both snowboarding and skiing injuries. Sixty-four cases of snowboarding injuries and 152 cases of skiing injuries were available for precise analysis of fracture, dislocation, or both, in the elbow region. RESULTS: Fractures, dislocations, or both, in the elbow were more frequently observed for snowboarders (30 of 64 cases, 46.9%) when compared with that for skiers (26 of 152 cases, 17.1%) (p < 0.001). The rate of dislocation with or without fracture of the elbow was also significantly higher for snowboarders (17 of 64 cases, 26.6%) than for skiers (8 of 152 cases, 5.3%, p < 0.001). Seventeen cases of elbow dislocation in snowboarding were all of the posterior type, which accompanied two coronoid process fractures and two radial neck fractures. Fractures of the coronoid process (five cases), radial head (one case), radial neck (five cases), olecranon (one case), proximal ulnar shaft (one case), and extension-type fracture of distal humerus (four cases) were the fracture types observed in the analysis. CONCLUSION: Posterior dislocation; fractures of coronoid process, radial neck, and radial head; and extension-type fracture of the distal humerus characterize the particular and frequent injury mechanism responsible for snowboarding trauma in the elbow region. Thus, snowboarding injury of the elbow is recognized as a severe injury and is characterized by a frequent risk of posterior dislocation, fracture, or both. The severity of elbow injuries in snowboarding mainly seems to be due to direct mechanical force on the elbow, receiving the full impact of falling down, combined with an outstretched hand and elbow extension, or with an outstretched hand and longitudinal thrust force, to the proximal radius and ulna and distal humerus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Definitive chemoradiotherapy for T4 and/or M1 lymph node squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy and feasibility of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced carcinoma of the esophagus. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-four patients with clinically T4 and/or M1 lymph node (LYM) squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus were enrolled. Patients received protracted infusion of fluorouracil 400 mg/m(2)/24 hours on days 1 to 5 and 8 to 12, 2-hour infusion of cisplatin 40 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8, and concurrent radiation therapy at a dose of 30 Gy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks. Filgrastim was prophylactically administered to 35 patients. This schedule was repeated twice every 5 weeks, for a total radiation dose of 60 Gy, followed by two courses of fluorouracil (800 mg/m(2)/24 hours for 5 days) and cisplatin (80 mg/m(2) on day 1). RESULTS: There were 21 patients with T4M0 disease, one with T2M1 LYM, 17 with T3M1 LYM, and 15 withT4M1 LYM. Forty-nine patients (91%) completed at least the chemoradiotherapy segment. The 18 patients (33%) who achieved a complete response included nine (25%) of the 36 with T4 disease and nine (50%) of the 18 with non-T4 disease. Major toxicities were leukocytopenia and esophagitis; there were four (7%) treatment-related deaths. Prophylactic filgrastim reduced the incidence of grade 3 or worse leukopenia without improving dose-intensity or response. With a median follow-up duration of 43 months, median survival time was 9 months. The 3-year survival rate was 23%. CONCLUSION: Despite its significant toxicity, this combined modality seemed to have curative potential even in cases of locally advanced carcinoma of the esophagus.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

An efficient multiplex PCR suitable for large scale typing in linkage mapping.

The dissection of polygenic traits is made possible with the development of microsatellite markers. Linkage study of this kind involves many markers with tens of hundreds of samples. Although typing essentially contains only two steps: PCR amplification and gel electrophoresis. Such work is still heavy when a large number of samples had to be genotyped. Multiplex PCR may reduce the work, but one has to optimize the conditions from marker to marker. Here we describe a dye-compatible multiplex PCR that works under standardized condition without the need to pre-determine the combinational primer concentration and the time-consuming step to mix many samples with gel loading dye before electrophoresis. This successful protocol should greatly reduce the cost and labor for genetic study of polygenic traits.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Long term outcome of osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral capitellum.

Long term outcome of osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral capitellum was determined for 53 patients. The average age of the patients at the time of treatment was 16.6 years (range, 10-34 years). The average followup was 12.6 years (range, 3-25 years). Seven of 14 (50%) patients who were treated conservatively and 18 of 39 (46%) who were treated by surgical removal of the fragment were found to have residual elbow symptoms associated with daily living activities (poor outcome). The initial radiographs of the elbow were available for 45 patients; a poor outcome was seen in six of 19 (32%) early lesions and 13 of 26 (50%) advanced lesions. Fourteen elbows had evidence of osteoarthritis on the initial radiographs, and a poor outcome was seen for nine (64%) of these elbows. After removal or detachment of the fragment, seven osteochondral defects were assessed as large, and all seven had a poor outcome. These long term results suggest that the residual elbow symptoms associated with daily living activities in approximately 50% of patients may be associated with advanced lesions, osteoarthritis of the elbow, and a large osteochondral defect.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1999

Lumbosacral plexus in Hoxa9 knockout mice with special reference to their nerve variations identified according to whether they were interphenotypic or intergenotypic differences.

The lumbosacral plexus in specific Hox gene mutant mice originating from C57bl/60, i.e., Hoxa9 +/+, +/- and -/- genotypes (10 specimens of each), were dissected minutely and detailed examinations were made of the eight nerves in the plexus and the lowest intercostal nerve. We identified three types of nerve variation in mice with Hox mutations: interphenotypic variations, intergenotypic variations and common variations regardless of the genotype axial phenotype. The interphenotypic variations involved a caudal shift of the nerve origin in mice with the Hoxa9 -/- axial phenotype. We divided these variations into three patterns according to whether or not nerve configurations in mice with the wild and/or Hoxa9 -/- axial phenotypes were consistent, as follows: 1) the iliohypogastric and pudendal nerve morphologies of either of the phenotypes were consistent; 2) the femoral, obturator and sciatic nerve morphologies of the wild axial phenotype were consistent, but those of the -/- phenotype showed several variations and 3) both phenotypes showed several variations of the ilioinguinal and genitofemoral nerves. The intergenotypic variations, were limited to two examples: the common trunk formation of the ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves in mice with the +/- and -/- genotypes, regardless of their axial phenotypes, and the territory of the ilioinguinal nerve touched the lateral margin of the thigh in the wild genotype, but extended beyond the margin onto the posterior aspect in the -/- genotype. The common variations regardless of either axial phenotype or genotype, included the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh which showed a limited, common variation in both of the nerve origin, ramification pattern and territory among either the three genotypes or two axial phenotypes. We consider the interphenotypic variations to be consistent with previous experimental findings showing a discrepancy between the nerve origins and their cues for nerve pathfinding. However, this developmental sequence did not seem to apply to the intergenotypic or common variations.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Il-1, EGF, and HGF suppress the antiviral activity of interferon in primary monkey hepatic parenchymal cells.

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanism behind low efficacy of interferon therapy to hepatitis C virus infected patients by using primary monkey hepatic parenchymal cells as a surrogate of primary human liver cells. The effects of various cytokines on the antiviral activity of IFNs in the monkey hepatic cells were studied to search for physiological inhibitors. Interleukin-1 alpha, EGF, and HGF showed suppressive effects on the antiviral activity of IFN-alpha, -beta in primary monkey hepatic cells when examined by the yield reduction method using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). In contrast, 50 ng/ml of TNF and IL-6 had no suppressive effect on the IFN-induced antiviral state in the hepatic cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Synthesis and effects of novel thiazole derivatives against thrombocytopenia.

5-(2-Pyridylsulfonyl)-2-thiazolamine (2) was effective both in mitomycin C (MMC)-induced thrombocytopenia and in an animal model of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). It also suppressed the increase of autoantibodies against platelets in the ITP model and showed no blood toxicity. Chemical modification of 2 led to the discovery of more potent compounds against MMC-induced thrombocytopenia.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Discovery of FR115092: a novel antinephritic agent.

A series of dapsone-related 4-aminopheynl and 2-aminothiazolyl derivatives was prepared, and their antinephritic activity and blood toxicity were evaluated. 5-(2-Pyridylsulfonyl)-2-thiazolamine (FR115092, 26) was effective against two nephritis models, namely graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and autoimmune W/BF1 mice, and showed none of the blood toxicity observed with dapsone.

Anemia↗
PubMed1998

Ovarian hormone-induced beta-cell hypertrophy contributes to the homeostatic control of beta-cell mass in OLETF female rat, a model of Type II diabetes.

A sexual dimorphism regarding the incidence of diabetes mellitus in OLETF rat, a model of Type II diabetes, has been reported. As a result, the effects of ovarian hormones on beta cells per se was examined by comparing the capacity of beta-cell proliferation and changes in blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations after a 70% pancreatectomy. All female animals were randomly assigned to two protocols. The rats involved in protocol I received either a 70% pancreatectomy (Px) or a sham pancreatectomy (sham) at 6 weeks of age, along with their diabetes-resistant counterparts, female LETO rats, which served as normal controls. The rats belonging to protocol II were given an ovariectomy (Ox) at 5 weeks of age, and one week later, they were subjected to either Px or the sham operation, with/without hormone (estradiol, 50 microg/kg; testosterone, 1 mg/kg) replacement. The findings indicate that the capacity for compensatory growth of beta cells after Px was affected by both sex hormonal and genetic components, since a 70% Px resulted in sustained hyperglycaemia within the first week after surgery, but was ameliorated by an increase in beta-cell mass thereafter in the non-Ox Px OLETF rats. The Ox also caused a decline in beta-cell mass which could be improved by replacement with ovarian hormones. Not only endogenous but also replacement ovarian hormones, led to a beneficial effect on beta cells per se in OLETF female rats. This was reflected by an increased beta-cell mass accompanied by a parallel increase in plasma immunoreactive insulin concentration. The effects of ovarian hormones, however, contributed to the beta-cell hypertrophy rather than expansion of the beta-cell population to achieve glucose homeostasis, as evidenced by an increased area of individual beta-cell after Px rather than an increased BrdU-labelling index for the beta cells. The present study suggests that ovarian hormone-induced beta-cell hypertrophy may typically occur, to compensate for changes in functional demand as the results of a 70% Px in female OLETF rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

A major quantitative trait locus co-localizing with cholecystokinin type A receptor gene influences poor pancreatic proliferation in a spontaneously diabetogenic rat.

The Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat is an animal model for obese-type, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in humans. The OLETF rat has poor capacity for pancreatic proliferation, which may be the critical pathogenetic event in NIDDM development. Our investigation was designed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for poor pancreatic proliferation by examining compensatory proliferation of the pancreatic remnant after partial pancreatectomy and performing a genome-wide scan in an F2 intercross obtained by mating the OLETF and the Fischer-344 (F344) rats. We identified a highly significant QTL on rat Chromosome 14 with a maximum lod score of 16.7, which accounts for 55% of the total variance. The QTL co-localizes with the gene encoding cholecystokinin type A receptor (CCKAR) which is likely to mediate the trophic effect of cholecystokinin on pancreas and is defective in the OLETF rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Functional results of low median and ulnar nerve repair with intraneural fascicular dissection and electrical fascicular orientation.

Twenty-eight low median nerve injuries and 23 low ulnar nerve injuries were repaired using intraneural fascicular dissection and electrical fascicular orientation. Eleven freshly lacerated nerves were seen within 48 hours after injury; 40 nerve lacerations were chronic. Fascicular orientation between sensory and motor fascicles at the proximal nerve end could be accurately differentiated in 47 nerves (92%) independent of whether it was acute or chronic. At the distal nerve end in fresh lacerations, the motor fascicles could be determined conclusively by muscle contraction with sequential electrical stimulation of the fascicles. In chronic nerve lacerations, the distal fascicles could be estimated anatomically after internal neurolysis. After fascicular orientation, nerves were repaired with end-to-end group fascicular suture or interfascicular sural nerve grafting. Twenty-four nerves repaired with end-to-end suture and 13 nerves repaired with nerve grafting were monitored more than 25 months. Satisfactory sensory results (i.e., S3+ or S4 functions) were obtained in 29 nerves (78%) and M4 or M5 motor functions were achieved in 29 nerves (78%). There were no patients who needed additional tendon transfers to reconstruct thumb opposition or to correct claw finger deformity. These results suggest that low median or ulnar nerve lacerations, whether acute or chronic, partial or complete, may be successfully repaired with the aid of electrical fascicular orientation with or without intraneural fascicular dissection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

An Escherichia coli protein that exhibits phosphohistidine phosphatase activity towards the HPt domain of the ArcB sensor involved in the multistep His-Asp phosphorelay.

The Escherichia coli sensory kinase, ArcB, possesses a histidine-containing phosphotransfer (HPt) domain, which is implicated in the His-Asp multistep phosphorelay. We searched for a presumed phosphohistidine phosphatase, if present, which affects the function of the HPt domain through its dephosphorylation activity. Using in vivo screening, we first identified a gene that appeared to interfere with the His-Asp phosphorelay between the HPt domain and the receiver domain of OmpR, provided that the gene product was expressed through a multicopy plasmid. The cloned gene (named sixA) was found to encode a protein consisting of 161 amino acids, which has a noticeable sequence motif, an arginine-histidine-glycine (RHG) signature, at its N-terminus. Such an RHG signature, which presumably functions as a nucleophilic phosphoacceptor, was previously found in a set of divergent enzymes, including eukaryotic fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase, E. coli periplasmic phosphatase and E. coli glucose-1-phosphate phosphatase, and ubiquitous phosphoglycerate mutase. Otherwise, the entire amino acid sequences of none of these enzymes resembles that of SixA. It was demonstrated in vitro that the purified SixA protein exhibited the ability to release the phosphoryl group from the HPt domain of ArcB, but the mutant protein lacking the crucial histidine residue in the RHG signature did not. Evidence was also provided that a deletion mutation of sixA on the chromosome affected the in vivo phosphotransfer signalling. These results support the view that SixA is capable of functioning as a phosphohistidine phosphatase that may be implicated in the His-Asp phosphorelay through regulating the phosphorylation state of the HPt domain.

Amino Acid Sequence↗