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Biomedical subjects

T Ogino

Publications and source records attributed to T Ogino.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Experimental study of radial ray deficiency.

The teratogenic mechanisms of radial ray deficiency were investigated. Radial ray deficiencies were induced in WKAH/Hkm rat foetuses by maternal administration of myleran on day 10, 10.5, or 11 of pregnancy. The skeletal anomalies in rats were similar to those in human beings, suggesting that exposure to some environmental factors at a sensitive period of embryogenesis may cause radial ray deficiency in humans. Ulnar ray deficiency has also been induced in rat foetuses by maternal administration of myleran, so it is suggested that radial deficiency and ulnar deficiency are caused by a common teratogenic mechanism in humans. However, the critical period for radial deficiency is one day later than that for ulnar deficiency in rats, which may contribute to the greater frequency of radial deficiency than ulnar deficiency in clinical cases.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1990

Teratogenic relationship between polydactyly, syndactyly and cleft hand.

Several investigators have suggested that polydactyly, syndactyly and cleft hand might have arisen from a common teratogenic mechanism. To confirm this hypothesis, 75 hands with these anomalies were analysed. Advanced cases with central polydactyly or osseous syndactyly in which the fusion area extends as far as the proximal phalanx and metacarpus are identical to typical cleft hand. The author has induced the same deformities using myleran in rat foetuses. The clinical features of these anomalies in rats were the same as those in clinical cases and the critical periods of these anomalies were also the same. The findings suggest that these hand anomalies may appear in human beings when the same teratogenic factor acts on the embryo at the same developmental period and that they should belong to the same teratogenic entity.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Structure and hypotensive activity relationships of tetrandrine derivatives in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.

1. Structure and hypotensive activity relationships of tetrandrine (TD), an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herb Radix stephaniae tetrandrae and its derivatives were investigated in conscious stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). 2. Derivatives substituted at the 7-O position with various types of alkyl group produced varying degrees of hypotensive effect. 3. While the demethylated derivative, fangchinoline (FC), and its acetylated compound had no effect on blood pressure, 7-O-methyl FC (TD), and 7-O-ethyl and 7-O-isopropyl FC at oral doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg produced a gradual and sustained hypotensive effect without any significant effects on heart rate and plasma renin concentration. 4. Substitution at the 7-O position with longer side chains such as n-propyl, n-butyl and n-pentyl groups reduced both the degree and duration of hypotensive activity. 5. Substitution of N-methyl groups at the 2 and 2' positions with quaternary ammonium or N-oxide attenuated the hypotensive activity. 6. The results of this study suggest a possibility that 7-O-ethyl and 7-O-isopropyl derivatives as well as TD can be considered as potential antihypertensive drugs because of the gradual onset and long duration of their hypotensive action in SHRSP.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1990

Dose equivalence for high-dose-rate to low-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation in the treatment of cancer of the uterine cervix.

By comparing the incidence of major radiation injury, we estimated doses clinically equivalent for high-dose-rate (HDR) to conventional low-dose-rate (LDR) intracavitary irradiation in patients with Stages IIb and IIIb cancer of the uterine cervix. We reviewed a total of 300 patients who were treated with external beam therapy to the pelvis (50 Gy in 5 weeks) followed either by low-dose-rate (253 patients) or high-dose-rate (47 patients) intracavitary treatment. The high-dose-rate intracavitary treatment was given 5 Gy per session to point A, 4 fractions in 2 weeks, with a total dose of 20 Gy. The low-dose-rate treatment was given with one or two application(s) delivering 11-52 Gy to the point A. The local control rates were similar in both groups. The incidence of major radiation injury requiring surgical intervention were 5.1% (13/253) and 4.3% (2/47) for low-dose-rate and high-dose-rate groups, respectively. The 4.3% incidence corresponded to 29.8 Gy with low-dose-rate irradiation, thus, it was concluded that the clinically equivalent dose for high-dose-rate irradiation was approximately 2/3 (20/29.8) of the dose used in low-dose-rate therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

In vivo measurements of ethanol concentration in rabbit brain by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

In vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure the cerebral ethanol concentration in the rabbit after both intraarterial and intragastric administration. There was good agreement between cerebral and blood ethanol concentrations at all times after administration by either route. Cerebral ethanol levels, measured using in vivo 1H spectroscopy, agreed well with those measured in perchloric acid extracts of brain, analyzed by both high-resolution 1H spectroscopy and gas chromatography. Ethanol may be useful as an indicator to measure cerebral blood flow by 1H spectroscopy and chemical shift-selective magnetic resonance imaging.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated by irradiation alone. Results of treatment at the National Cancer Center, Tokyo.

Six hundred and twelve patients with previously untreated invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix were treated by irradiation alone at the National Cancer Hospital from 1972 to 1983. The number of patients was 7, 39, 43, 127, 15, 319, 28 and 34 in stages IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, IVA and IVB respectively. Low-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation with or without external irradiation was used in 383 patients, high-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation with or without external irradiation in 130, external irradiation alone in 98, and external irradiation combined with radon-222 seed implantation in one patient. Five-year-survival rates were 85, 65, 57, 41, 14 11% for stages IB, IIA, IIB, IIIB, IVA, and IVB respectively. The rate of complications was rather high in the present series, and so we have been investigating whether it is possible to reduce the dose. Low-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation has been replaced by high-dose-rate irradiation by using a remotely controlled afterloading system.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Perinatal management of congenital anomalies of the urinary tract detected in utero].

The routine use of maternal ultrasonography has led to frequent discovery of fetal anatomical abnormalities of the urinary tract. Herein we report on 35 cases with congenital urogenital anomalies which were found during the last 5 years by the prenatal ultrasonography and referred to our clinic either for treatment or consultation. 1. Findings of prenatal ultrasonography There were 12 cases of hydronephrosis, 7 of multicystic dysplastic kidney, 4 of megaureter, 3 of posterior urethral valve, 2 of ureterocele, 2 of vesicoureteral reflux and 5 other cases. Fetal anomalies were diagnosed during routine maternal examination, as intrauterine growth retardation, oligohydramnios, or the recurrent risk secondary to genetic risk factor or previous abnormal pregnancies. Prenatal diagnosis was made as early as 20 weeks of gestation in a case of hypoplastic urethra with large bladder diverticula. In about 30% of cases, abnormalities were found before 30 weeks of gestation. Oligohydramnios was evident in 5 cases. Prenatal diagnosis was correct in about 60% of cases. In the remainder the diagnosis was either incomplete or incorrect. Errors in the diagnosis resulted from difficulties in the differentiation of dilated ureter, intestinal dilation or intraperitoneal cystic masses. 2. Management in newborn periods Of the patients, 12 were treated urologically in newborn periods. Although patients with distended bladder and dilatation of upper tracts first underwent therapeutic placement of the urethral catheter, upper tract diversion with nephrostomy or tubeless ureterocutaneostomy was required in 2 because of continued elevation of serum creatinine levels. In 2 neonates nephrectomy was indicated for unilateral multicystic kidney, because the large cystic mass might compress the intestine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Autotransfusion in urological surgery--experience with transurethral resection].

With the purpose to avoid the risk of homologous transfusion, autologous blood transfusion was performed in 26 patients who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P). Autologous blood (200-400 ml/time, 1-3 times, total 200-800 ml, mean 381 ml) was predeposited 4 days to 3 weeks prior to elected TUR-P and was transfused during or just after the operation. Since the start of this program in February 1988, homologous transfusion rate was decreased to 13.1%, whereas it has been 22.3% in 203 cases between January 1984 and January 1988. The mean hemoglobin level fell to 81.6% of the predeposition level. However, the hemoglobin level recovered to 90.1% one month after operation. The circulatory condition of the patients with autologous transfusions was stabler than that of the patients with homologous transfusion or no transfusion. No clinical hemostatic problems occurred. In cases with mild to moderate volume resection of the prostate, this autologous blood transfusion is recommended.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

A comparative seroepidemiologic study of the neutralizing antibody against the virulent standard strains and the Sabin vaccine strains of poliovirus among healthy Japanese.

The neutralizing antibody of 160 serum specimens collected in 1978 from healthy residents in five prefectures in Japan was titrated against both the virulent standard strains and the Sabin vaccine strains of three types of poliovirus. Antibody-positive rates with both strains of respective types at a level of 1:4 were comparable in all three types of poliovirus. However, the geometric mean titers (GMTs) obtained against both strains showed statistically significant difference depending on the age-cohort's previous history of exposure to the wild or the vaccine strains of polioviruses: the younger age cohorts showed higher GMTs to the Sabin strains, while adults responded higher to the virulent standard strains. The difference was most pronounced in type 1.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap for extremity reconstruction in orthopedic surgery.

The latissimus dorsi was transferred as a pedicle flap in ten patients and as a free vascular flap in ten others for extremity reconstruction. Group I comprised ten patients in whom the transfer was used solely to cover a skin or soft-tissue defect. Although there was partial necrosis of the transferred skin in one patient, the remaining nine patients obtained complete coverage without further reconstructive surgery. Group II comprised five patients in whom transfer of the latissimus dorsi was performed for active flexion or extension of the elbow or for abduction of the shoulder. Postoperatively, muscle strength obtained was classified from Grades 0 to 5 according to the muscle testing method. Three patients obtained muscle strength of Grade 3, while two obtained Grade 2. Group III comprised five patients who had brachial plexus palsy after high-dose irradiation. Coverage of the skin and soft tissue was performed after neurolysis of the brachial plexus palsy to free the tissue bed of scarred tissue. Postoperatively, sensory and motor disturbances were alleviated in four of five patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Study of intraarteric infusion chemotherapy with drug delivery system].

We have studied the effect of intraarteric infusion chemotherapy with missile chemotherapy, induced hypertensive chemotherapy and/or two-route infusion chemotherapy in 14 liver tumors (7 cases with liver metastasis from gastric cancer, 3 cases with liver metastasis from colonic cancer, 4 cases with hepatoma). Results indicated that PR in 6 (46.1%) out the 13 evaluated cases. The toxicity was not evident except for slight bone marrow depression with 5 cases and a low grade fever with 2 cases. These results indicate that intraarterial infusion chemotherapy with drug delivery system can be considered one of the treatment therapies available for a nonresectable tumor.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Control of aftereffects due to intraoperative radiotherapy].

In cases of treating a pancreatic cancer, an aneurysm and thrombus of the abdominal aorta, necrosis of the vertebral body, and damage to the peripheral nerves can be caused by intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT). These aftereffects have been observed in tests conducted in experimental animal reported by Colorado State University. Similarly, our clinical experiences have led us to set safety guidelines to prevent damage due to IORT. The safety level of a radiation dose for IORT alone is limited to 30 Gy, and for IORT combined with external beam radiotherapy, from 20 Gy (IORT) plus 50 Gy (EBRT). Using these parameters, among 58 cases of a pancreatic tumor treated by IORT, only one case subsequently developed a pseudoaneurysm at the stump of splenic artery.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Cleft hand.

Definition, incidence, genetics, and etiology of typical cleft hand are discussed in this paper. Cleft hand, central polydactyly, and osseous syndactyly were induced experimentally when the same teratogenic factors acted on the embryos at the same developmental stage. Typical cleft hand, central polydactyly, and syndactyly should be classified together as manifestations of the same entity, that is, failure of induction of finger rays. Typical cleft hand may be further subdivided into five types on the basis of the number of defective finger rays. Treatment of the typical cleft hand involves cosmetic and functional considerations. Reduction of the wide interdigital space is performed primarily for cosmetic reasons, while separation of syndactyly between thumb and index finger and correction of deviation of the thumb is performed for functional improvement. A zigzag incision with a small triangular flap is recommended for reduction of the interdigital space. If metacarpal remnants or cross bones prevent drawing the metacarpals together, they should be removed. The deep transverse metacarpal ligament should be reconstructed by ligamentous flap made out of the flexor tendon sheaths of the index and ring fingers to prevent later spreading of the fingers. A dorsal-based rotation flap fashioned from the skin of the cleft is recommended for the treatment of cleft hand with partial syndactyly of the thumb and index finger. Deviation of the thumb is often caused by a delta phalanx by a trapezoidal-shaped extra phalanx. Deviation of the thumb is corrected by removing the delta phalanx or osteotomy of the trapezoidal phalanx. When the cleft is closed at approximately 1 year of age, spontaneous correction of the flexion deformity of the ring finger is sometimes observed.

Hand Deformities, Congenital↗
PubMed1990

Ulnar nerve neuropathy at the wrist.

Thirteen cases of ulnar nerve neuropathy at the wrist are presented. They include four cases of pure motor paresis affecting the ulnar-innervated intrinsic muscles, one case of pure sensory deficit and eight cases of mixed motor and sensory deficiency. A cyst was revealed by preoperative ultrasonography in two cases and by computerized tomography in one of them. The cause of ulnar nerve neuropathy was a tumor or tumor-like mass in six cases, long-time cycling in three cases and unknown in three cases. Surgery was performed in ten cases. Recovery of the nerve palsy was obtained in all except one case.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Ultrasonography of the extremities: nontumor lesions].

Ultrasonographic imagings of non-tumor disorders in extremities were reviewed and discussed. All cases underwent surgery. In our retrospective evaluation, US was found to be effective in cases of tendon injuries, articular osteochondritis, tenosynovitis and the displacement of chondral navicula in infantile club foot, etc.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[An epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland].

A case of epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma is reported. Histologically, this tumor shows tubular and solid growth pattern. The inner layer of the tubules is composed of cells with an eosinophilic cytoplasm that is surrounded by cells with clear cytoplasms. Clear cells also manifest a solid growth pattern. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic examinations has revealed that the cells with an eosinophilic cytoplasm have the characteristics of the ductal epithelium and that the clear cells have the characteristics of the myoepithelium. Immunohistochemically, keratin positive clear cells and S-100 protein positive ductal cells were found in our case. This suggests the existence of cells having both ductal and myoepithelial characteristics and this inspected tumor had derived from multipotential cells of intercalated ducts.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1990

[Consideration on transfusion in urologic surgery--a retrospective study on homologous and autologous transfusions].

To obtain data for promoting autologous transfusion in urologic surgery, the cases of perioperative homologous transfusions in the past 5 years are reviewed. Although the mean perioperative homologous blood transfusion rate was not so high (10.2%), the rate in common urological surgery was comparatively high (eg. radical nephrectomy 39.4%, simple or palliative nephrectomy 21.6%, total nephroureterectomy 33.3%, renal allotransplantation 82.8%, total cystectomy 96.2%). Mean homologous transfusion volume in these surveys was 982 ml. Two successful cases of autologous blood transfusion by the predeposit method or intraoperative collecting method are presented. Transfusion-associated adverse effects, especially viral infection and immunosuppression, were discussed and the value of autotransfusion was stressed.

Blood Transfusion↗