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Biomedical subjects

T Ogihara

Publications and source records attributed to T Ogihara.

965 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical evaluation of hypokalemia in anorexia nervosa.

The serum and urinary levels of electrolytes were measured in 25 patients with anorexia nervosa admitted to this hospital. Seven (28%) of these patients vomited, usually surreptitiously. Hypokalemia was detected in 5 (20%) of these patients, all among those who vomited. The urinary chloride/sodium ratios were low in the patients who vomited, and did not overlap the values in patients who did not vomit, indicating that this ratio was a good indication of vomiting. These results suggested that stopping vomiting is most important for correcting hypokalemia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of aging on the renin angiotensin system in patients with renovascular hypertension.

The effect of aging on the renin angiotensin system (RAS) was studied in 30 patients with renovascular hypertension and 33 patients with essential hypertension. Plasma renin decreased with age in patients with renovascular hypertension and essential hypertension. However, in patients with renovascular hypertension, the change was not statistically significant. Plasma aldosterone concentration showed a tendency to decrease with age in both groups. Stimulated plasma renin activity and the net increase in plasma renin activity after captopril administration in patients with essential hypertension showed a significant decrease with age. In patients with renovascular hypertension, exaggerated response of renin secretion was observed in younger patients, but middle-aged and elderly patients did not demonstrate this hyper-responsiveness. The degree of decrease in blood pressure by administration of an angiotensin (Ang) II analog ([Sar1,Ile8] Ang II) was the same in both younger and elderly patients with either disease. These results suggest that the effect of aging on the RAS occurs not only in patients with essential hypertension, but also in patients with renovascular hypertension. Furthermore, although the Ang II analog infusion test and captopril stimulation test are considered to be useful screening tests for renovascular hypertension, we consider that the combination of Ang II analog test and captopril test may be favorable to screen renovascular hypertension, since the captopril stimulation test had a lower sensitivity in younger (under 35 years old) patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of elastase in reversing the de-differentiation of rabbit costal chondrocytes in culture induced by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA).

As elastase is known to affect cell functions in various cell systems, its effects on the functions of control and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-treated chondrocytes in vitro were examined. Pretreatment of chondrocytes with TPA (10(-8) M) for 48 h significantly enhanced DNA synthesis, inhibited glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis and inhibited the increase in ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in response to parathyroid hormone (PTH) relative to values in control cultures. Addition of elastase (1, 10 and 50 ng/ml) for 24 h partially inhibited the de-differentiated phenotypes induced by TPA such as the decreased synthesis of GAG and decreased response of ODC activity to PTH without affecting the DNA synthesis. Moreover, elastase significantly increased both the basal level of cyclic AMP and that on PTH treatment of TPA-pretreated cells. These results suggested that elastase partially restored the differentiated phenotypes of de-differentiated chondrocytes probably through its effect in increasing the level of intracellular cyclic AMP.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increased atrial natriuretic factor secretion after endothelin injection in dogs.

Hemodynamic and hormonal responses to bolus intravenous injections of synthetic porcine endothelin (pET) were examined in anesthetized dogs. There were no significant changes in mean blood pressure (MBP), right atrial pressure (RAP), or plasma atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) concentration in response to 40 pmol/kg of the peptide. However, responses to 400 pmol/kg of the peptide were significant: MBP rose from 114 +/- 6 mmHg (mean +/- SE) to 139 +/- 7 mmHg (p less than 0.01), RAP rose from 5.4 +/- 0.9 mmHg to 7.8 +/- 1.1 mmHg (p less than 0.01), and ANF increased from 45 +/- 10 pg/ml to 277 +/- 33 pg/ml (p less than 0.01). Peak value of RAP was observed 2.6 +/- 0.4 min, while peak of ANF was 11.4 +/- 0.9 min after peptide injection. There was a strongly positive correlation (r = 0.93, p less than 0.01) between the increase in RAP and the increase in ANF in dogs given 400 pmol/kg of pET. These results indicate that exogenously administered pET to anesthetized dogs alters hemodynamics and induces ANP release, and are compatible with a postulate that the ANF release is caused by elevated RAP.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dietary salt, blood pressure and circulating levels of 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in patients with essential hypertension.

The effects of dietary salt on circulating levels of 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (C16 PAF) in patients with essential hypertension were studied by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with negative ion chemical ionization. Circulating levels of C16 PAF in patients with essential hypertension (18.1 +/- 5.3 pg/ml, n = 16) were not changed compared with those in normotensive subjects (17.2 +/- 7.2 pg/ml, n = 14). Although changes in circulating levels of C16 PAF were small with changes in dietary salt, net changes in circulating C16 PAF levels significantly and positively correlated with net changes in mean arterial blood pressure (r = 0.47, P less than 0.05). Changes in C16 PAF levels also correlated with changes in creatinine clearance (r = 0.55, P less than 0.05). However, changes in C16 PAF levels did not correlate with changes in plasma sodium concentration, plasma chloride concentration and plasma volume. These results indicate that C16 PAF plays an antihypertensive role and this may be reflected as small changes in circulating levels of C16 PAF.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term effects of pravastatin on serum lipid levels in elderly patients with hypercholesterolemia.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy and tolerability of pravastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, in elderly patients with hypercholesterolemia. Pravastatin was administered for 12 months at a mean final dose of 9.9 mg/d to 208 elderly patients (mean [+/- SD] age, 70 +/- 7 years) with levels of total serum cholesterol greater than 5.69 mmol/L. The mean total cholesterol level was significantly decreased from 6.85 +/- 0.80 mmol/L to 5.59 +/- 0.70 mmol/L after 3 months, and this decrease was maintained thereafter. A similar change was observed in the mean serum level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Although the mean serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in all the patients did not change significantly, the level in 34 patients with a value lower than 1.03 mmol/L was significantly increased after 3 months and thereafter. The serum level of triglycerides in all patients was significantly decreased after 3 months and thereafter and the decrease was more marked in 101 patients with levels greater than 1.73 mmol/L. In 168 elderly patients receiving 10 mg/d of pravastatin, there were significant negative correlations between the percent decrease in total cholesterol and both baseline total serum cholesterol level (r = -.354, P < 0.001) and age (r = -.208, P = 0.007). No serious side effects were observed. These results indicate that long-term administration of pravastatin is beneficial in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia in elderly patients.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist, TCV-116, on blood pressure and the renin-angiotensin system in healthy subjects.

TCV-116 is a new, nonpeptide, angiotensin II type-1 receptor antagonist that acts as a specific inhibitor of the renin-angiotensin system. In this study, 36 healthy male volunteers were administered single and repeated oral doses of TCV-116 to investigate its effects on blood pressure and heart rate, and to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of the drug. At single doses of 2.5 mg and greater, TCV-116 significantly lowered blood pressure even in normotensive subjects. This hypotensive effect was maintained during repeated administration on a once-daily regimen over an 8-day period. Serum concentration of M-1, an active metabolite of TCV-116, increased in a dose-dependent manner, reaching a peak 3 to 4 hours after administration. An amount of M-1 equivalent to approximately 10% of the administered dose of TCV-116 was excreted in the urine during the first 24 hours following administration. No accumulation of M-1 was observed in subjects receiving repeated administration of TCV-116. No adverse effects were observed except for mild headache in three subjects. These results suggest that the renin-angiotensin system plays a role in the regulation of blood pressure, even in normotensive subjects, and that TCV-116 may prove to be useful in the treatment of hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pilot study of a new angiotensin II receptor antagonist, TCV-116: effects of a single oral dose on blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension.

After a 1-week placebo control period, six hypertensive patients (mean age, 67 years) each received single doses of 1, 2.5, and 5 mg of TCV-116 at 2- to 3- day intervals. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly lower after the final dose (5 mg) of TCV-116 than on the last day of the placebo period. Blood pressures were decreased after each dose of TCV-116 in a dose-dependent fashion from 2 hours after administration and reached a nadir at 4 to 6 hours. After 2.5 and 5 mg of TCV-116, the hypotensive effect was sustained for 24 hours. Pulse rate did not change significantly. Plasma renin activity and angiotensin I levels increased in a dose-dependent fashion after TCV-116, but the changes were not significant. No changes were noted in plasma aldosterone or angiotensin II levels. One patient reported mild light-headedness after 5 mg of TCV-116. No other side effects or abnormal laboratory tests results were noted. It appears that TCV-116 is a safe and effective antihypertensive agent.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antihypertensive efficacy of FK906, a novel human renin inhibitor.

The antihypertensive efficacy of a newly developed orally active human renin inhibitor (FK906) was evaluated in 14 patients with essential hypertension aged 40 to 83 years (mean, 64 years). After a 1-week placebo run-in period, 25 mg of FK906 was given twice daily; this was increased up to 100 mg twice daily until sufficient blood pressure reduction was obtained. No adverse effects were observed in any patients. Supine blood pressure was decreased from 169 +/- 3/97 +/- 1 mmHg to 153 +/- 5/87 +/- 3 mmHg at 25 mg twice daily (n = 14), to 142 +/- 5/78 +/- 3 mmHg at 50 mg twice daily (n = 12), P < 0.01), and to 137 +/- 10/77 +/- 8 mmHg at 100 mg twice daily (n = 6, P < 0.01). The hypotensive effect was sustained over 24 hours. Pulse rate did not change. Plasma renin activity and angiotensin I were decreased after FK906 administration only in patients with increased plasma renin activity. The hypotensive effects of FK906 were not correlated with baseline plasma renin activity. Suppression of the noncirculating tissue renin-angiotensin system may account for the hypotensive action of FK906. The results suggest that FK906 is a promising antihypertensive drug in patients of all ages and with different plasma renin levels.

Adult↗