[A case of systemic lupus erythematosus with severe neutropenia and the effect of high dose globulin therapy].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
T Ogihara
Publications and source records attributed to T Ogihara.
Changes in the intracellular calcium ion concentration in the gastric mucosa in a rat ischemia-reperfusion model.
To investigate the role of the intracellular calcium ion in the development of acute gastric mucosal lesions, phosphorylase a activity was measured as an index of the intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i), using Lowry's method, in the rat ischemia-reperfusion model. [Ca2+]i increased significantly at the end of the ischemic state without acute mucosal lesions (AGML). After reinfusion, [Ca2+]i showed a slight increase and AGML developed. Continual intravenous infusion of the calcium channel blocker, diltiazem (1 mg/kg/hr), inhibited the increase in [Ca2+]i in the ischemic state and reduced the development of AGML after reinfusion. These results suggest that the increase in [Ca2+]i in the ischemic state plays an important role in the development of AGML.
Animals↗
Augmentation of the gastric mucosal defense mechanism induced by KW-5805, a novel antiulcer agent.
KW-5805 (a new antiulcer agent), given p. o. at 30 mg/kg to rats, significantly increased the amount of gastric adherent mucus and mucosal glycoproteins. Gastric mucosal glucosamine synthetase activity was significantly enhanced by KW-5805 (30 mg/kg, p. o.). KW-5805 (10, 30 mg/kg, p. o.) significantly suppressed the decrease of gastric mucosal blood volume and oxygen sufficiency induced by hemorrhagic shock. The agent also significantly inhibited the extravasation of Evans blue into the gastric mucosa after ischemia-reinfusion. In conclusion, KW-5805 increased biosynthesis, storage and secretion of gastric mucus and improved the gastric mucosal hemodynamics.
Animals↗
The effect of DQ-2511, a newly synthesized anti-ulcer drug, on the gastric mucosal hemodynamics and ulceration in rats.
DQ-2511, which is a dopamine derivative, is a newly synthesized anti-ulcer drug. Pretreatment with DW-2511 in the hemorrhagic shock-reperfusion model in rats significantly prevented the decreases of gastric mucosal blood volume, mucosal blood oxygenation index and the ulcer formation. The decrease in gastric mucosal blood oxygenation index in hemorrhagic shock state has a linear correlation with the size of the mucosal ulcers both in DQ-2511 and control groups. The results suggested that DQ-2511 exerts its anti-ulcer activity by improving mucosal hemodynamics in hemorrhagic shock-reperfusion rat model.
Animals↗
[Comparison of hypotensive effects of acutely administered human parathyroid hormone (1-34) in normal young and elderly subjects].
The effects of acute administration of human parathyroid hormone (1-34) [PTH(1-34)] on the blood pressure of 15 young (mean age +/- SD, 20.9 +/- 1.7 years; 7 males and 8 females) and 11 elderly (78.1 +/- 5.9 years; 4 males and 7 females) normal subjects were compared. The elderly subjects have a slightly, but significantly higher mean basal systolic blood pressure (132.4 +/- 17.7 mmHg) than the young subjects (118.7 +/- 11.4 mmHg), but the basal diastolic and mean blood pressures of the two groups were similar. Intravenous bolus infusion of PTH(1-34) at a dose of 100 U induced transient, but marked hypotension in all subjects. The mean maximal decrease in systolic blood pressure (-delta SBP was significantly more (p less than 0.01) in the elderly subjects (42.5 +/- 13.9 mmHg) than in the young subjects (8.0 +/- 8.9 mmHg), but the maximal decrease in diastolic blood pressure (-delta DBP) was similar in the elderly (25.6 +/- 13.9 mmHg) and young (27.3 +/- 10.9 mmHg) subjects. The maximal decrease in the mean blood pressure (-delta MBP) was also significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in the elderly subjects (31.9 +/- 8.7 mmHg) than in young ones (20.6 +/- 7.6 mmHg). The corrected serum level of calcium (scCa) was significantly (p less than 0.01) lower in the elderly subjects (9.6 +/- 0.2 mg/dl) than in the young ones (10.0 +/- 0.3 mg/dl), and the serum level of C-terminal parathyroid hormone (C-PTH) was significantly higher in the elderly subjects (270 +/- 80 pg/ml) than in the young ones (150 +/- 80 pg/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
Role of angiotensin II in the renal response to atrial natriuretic peptide in normal subjects.
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has been shown to inhibit angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced steroidogenesis and vasoconstriction. To investigate the role of Ang II in the renal response to ANP, a synthetic ANP (0.1 micron/kg/min, 60 min) was infused for 1 h in eight subjects with or without pretreatment with an inhibitor of the converting enzyme, enalapril (20 mg, p.o.), or Ang II (10 ng/kg/min). ANP infusion alone caused increases in urinary volume, urinary sodium excretion, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). However, enalapril treatment abolished these diuretic and natriuretic effects of ANP. In this group, GFR was decreased and no tubular effects, which was estimated by urinary excretion of sodium and phosphate, were observed. The anti-natriuretic effects of exogenous Ang II were reversed by concomitant ANP infusion, which inhibited both proximal and postproximal sodium reabsorption induced by Ang II without changing the GFR. These results indicate that endogenous Ang II plays an obligatory role in the natriuretic response to ANP and also suggested that ANP inhibits Ang II-stimulated tubular reabsorption of sodium.
Adult↗
Splenomegaly in Papua New Guineans and in Japanese living in Papua New Guinea: report of research and exchange program of Osaka University with the South Pacific region.
Sizes of spleen and liver were studied by measuring spleen index calculated by multiplying the maximal length by the maximal width of the spleen and liver length at right mid-clavicular line below the costal margin using ultrasonography in 26 Papua New Guineans and in 25 Japaneses living in Papua New Guinea. In Papua New Guinean, spleen index and liver length were 77.4 +/- 9.9 cm2 and 5.4 +/- 0.7 cm, respectively. Their spleen index correlated inversely (p < 0.05) with hemoglobin level. In Japanese, spleen index and liver length were 24.5 +/- 2.1 cm2 and 0.8 +/- 0.3 cm, respectively and spleen index correlated positively with the duration of stay in Papua New Guinea (p < 0.05). These results indicate that the clinical and subclinical infections acquired in P.N.G. may play some role on the development of splenomegaly. Malaria is the prime suspect for the high prevalence of observed splenomegaly in both studied groups.
Adult↗
Low density lipoprotein and apoprotein B induce increases in inositol trisphosphate and cytosolic free Ca2+ via pertussis toxin-sensitive GTP-binding protein in vascular smooth muscle cells.
Low density lipoprotein (LDL), a major cholesterol-carrying lipoprotein in the plasma, binds to its receptor through apoprotein B (Apo-B). The addition of LDL and Apo-B induced rapid (5 s), but transient increase in the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins-1,4,5-P3) level with K0.5 values of 1.1 and 0.07 microgram/ml, accompanied by increases of cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration [( Ca2+]i), in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). The increases by LDL and Apo-B were both reduced by pretreatment of the VSMC with pertussis toxin. The early change in Ins-1,4,5-P3 involving a GTP-binding protein may function as an initial signal for the action of LDL in VSMC.
Animals↗
Proteolytic activation of aldosterone biosynthesis in rabbit adrenal capsular cells by alpha-chymotrypsin.
The effect of chymotrypsin on aldosterone biosynthesis by dispersed rabbit adrenal capsular cells was examined. Bovine alpha-chymotrypsin at concentrations of 10(-7) to 10(-5) M stimulated aldosterone production, and human chymotrypsin had an even stronger stimulatory effect. Bovine trypsin had no effect on aldosterone production by adrenal cells. Chymotrypsin treatment did not change the sensitivity of the adrenal cells to ACTH or angiotensin II. These results suggest the existence of unique chymotrypsin-susceptible sites on rabbit adrenal capsular cells, the digestion of which results in stimulation of aldosterone biosynthesis.
Adrenal Glands↗
High plasma levels of cortisol in patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type.
Plasma cortisol levels and other factors including thyroid hormone in patients with Alzheimer's type (n = 10), vascular type (n = 10) or mixed type (n = 10) senile dementia were compared with those in non-demented senile controls (n = 10). Plasma cortisol levels at 8:00 a.m. in Alzheimer's type dementia and mixed type dementia were 17.3 +/- 4.3 micrograms/dl (mean +/- SD) and 15.6 +/- 2.3 micrograms/dl, respectively. These values were significantly higher (p less than 0.005 and p less than 0.01) than those found in the control subjects (12.0 +/- 3.1 micrograms/dl). Plasma cortisol levels in vascular-type dementia (14.4 +/- 6.3 micrograms/dl) did not differ significantly from those in the controls. Plasma ACTH in senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type was lower, but not significant as compared with that in normal controls. In three subgroups of senile dementia and normal controls, plasma cortisol levels inversely correlated significantly with the degree of cognitive function. Plasma levels in TSH-thyroid system and blood pressure did not show any significant change in three types of senile dementia. These data suggest that senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type accompanies relatively and primarily high plasma cortisol levels and this may associate with cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's type senile dementia.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
Comparison of the inhibitions of proliferation of normal and psoriatic fibroblasts by 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and synthetic analogues of vitamin D3 with an oxygen atom in their side chain.
The inhibitory effects of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 and synthetic oxa-derivatives of vitamin D3 on growth of normal and psoriatic fibroblasts in culture were compared. Proliferation of normal fibroblasts was strongly inhibited by these new compounds in the following order: 22-oxa-1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 greater than 22-oxa-1 alpha-(OH)D3 greater than 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 greater than 20-oxa-1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3. 22-Oxa-1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 was about 10-times more inhibitory than 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3. Proliferation of psoriatic fibroblasts was not inhibited by 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 at concentrations of up to 10(-6) M, but was suppressed by 10(-8)-10(-6) M 22-oxa-1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 and 10(-6) M 22-oxa-1 alpha-(OH)D3. These results suggest that oxa-derivatives of vitamin D3, especially 22-oxa-1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3, should be useful in further studies on the cause and treatment of psoriasis.
Calcitriol↗
[Clinical application of adrenoceptor blockers in the treatment of hypertension].
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Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
Comparisons of maltase activities in kidney brush border membranes from normal, diabetic, glucose-infused and maltose-infused rabbits.
The specific activities of membrane-bound maltase (alpha-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.20) in isolated brush border membranes (BBMs) of alloxan-induced diabetic, glucose-infused and maltose-infused rabbits were 30%, 140% and 160%, respectively, of those of control rabbits. Differences in the relative activities of trehalase (EC 3.2.1.28), another disaccharidase, in these groups were similar but less marked. However, the activities of two other marker enzymes of the brush border, alkaline-phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, were similar in the 4 groups of rabbits. The decreases in the activities of the two disaccharidases were due to changes in the Vmax values of the enzymes without change in their Km values for maltose and trehalose. The maltase activities in the 4 groups showed similar dependences on Tris-HCl, KCl and NaCl. The electrophoretic profiles of the BBMs of the 4 groups on SDS-polyacrylamide gel showed slight differences. From these results, we conclude that diabetes, glucose infusion and maltose infusion probably change the concentrations of active enzymes in the BBM of the kidney in rabbits.
Alloxan↗
Changes in plasma active renin and prorenin after endoscopic retrograde pancreatography.
Plasma active renin, total renin (active renin plus prorenin) and immunoreactive trypsin were measured simultaneously before and after endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) in 9 subjects suspected of having pancreatic or biliary disease. After ERP, their plasma immunoreactive trypsin level increased significantly (p less than 0.02) from 12.4 +/- 1.5 to 163 +/- 57 ng/ml (means +/- SEM), while their plasma renin activity, total renin activity and ratio of active renin to total renin did not change. Individual values for the ratio of active renin to total renin correlated significantly (p less than 0.01) with those for immunoreactive trypsin in the basal condition (before ERP), but not after ERP. These results suggest that plasma trypsin is involved in activation of prorenin to active renin in the basal condition, and that ERP-induced increase in plasma trypsin has no effect on activation of prorenin.
Blood Pressure↗
Direct vascular effects of 19-hydroxyandrostenedione.
A C19 steroid, 19-hydroxyandrostenedione (19-OHAD), an amplifier of the mineralocorticoid effects of aldosterone, is known to cause hypertension in rats during chronic administration. In the present study we examined the direct vasoconstrictive effects of 19-OHAD and aldosterone in vitro as a possible mechanism of their hypertensinogenic effects. Contractile responses of central ear arteries from normal male rabbits to either 19-OHAD or aldosterone were examined in Krebs' bicarbonate buffer. When given alone, neither 19-OHAD nor aldosterone consistently caused contraction of the arteries, nor did 19-OHAD amplify the contractile action of aldosterone to a detectable range. Pretreatment of the ear arteries with desipramine, an inhibitor of neuronal uptake (uptake 1) of norepinephrine (NE), resulted in significant concentration-dependent contraction by each steroid. This contraction was markedly attenuated by prazosin but not by yohimbine. Both steroids significantly potentiated the contractile reaction of the ear arteries to exogenous NE in a dose-related manner without pretreatment with desipramine, suggesting that 19-OHAD may increase vascular resistance through the inhibition of extraneuronal NE uptake (uptake 2). These results suggest that 19-OHAD is not an amplifier of aldosterone at the vascular site.
Aldosterone↗
[Roles of intrinsic prostaglandins and leukotrienes in gastric mucosal damage].
While gastric mucosa contains prostaglandins and leukotrienes, the roles of these substances in the gastric mucosal protection and damage are not clarified. Using AA-861, a specific 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, and indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, we investigated the roles of intrinsic prostaglandins and leukotrienes in the gastric circulatory change and the development of gastric lesion induced by ethanol. Rats were fasted for 48 hours and allowed free access to water. After light ether anesthesia, rats were orally given AA-861 (gift from Takeda Chem. Industry; 2.5, 10, 40 or 640 mg/kg), indomethacin (20 mg/kg), and the both or AA-861 (40 mg/kg) and indomethacin (20 mg/kg). Thirty min after the treatment, 2 ml of ethanol (30, 40, 70, 99.5%) was orally administered. Sixty min later, the rats were killed to measure the area of mucosal lesions. The gastric mucosa was damaged by ethanol (greater than or equal to 40%) in a dose-dependent manner. The treatment with AA-861 prohibited the gastric mucosal damage. However, the treatment with indomethacin did not show a significant influence to the mucosal damage. Combined treatment of AA-861 and indomethacin yielded no significant difference from that of single treatment with AA-861 in acute gastric mucosal ulceration. The mucosal blood flow velocity was monitored by laser doppler velocimetry before and after the ethanol administration in the groups treated with vehicle, AA-861 or indomethacin. The blood flow velocity decreased after the administration of 40% ethanol in the group treated with indomethacin, and in a group treated with vehicle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
In vivo effects of vitamin E on peritoneal macrophages and T-kininogen level in rats.
In order to clarify the modulating effect on macrophages by vitamin E, we investigated the in vivo effects of vitamin E on the peritoneal macrophages and T-kininogen level in rats. Peritoneal injections of vitamin E for 6 successive days resulted in a significant increase of leucocytes, mostly consisting of macrophages, in the peritoneal cavity. Namely, in the case of 5 mg vitamin E per rat (400 g body weight), the number of leucocytes in the peritoneal cavity and T-kininogen level in plasma showed 171.57 +/- 15.96 X 10(6) per rat and 1372 +/- 364 micrograms/ml, whereas the placebo vehicle was 28.54 +/- 8.24 X 10(6) and 315 +/- 130, respectively. Macrophages, in which alpha-tocopherol contained approximately 158.2 ng/10(6) cells after exogenous vitamin E treatment, showed less acid phosphatase activity and less O2- generation than that treated with placebo vehicle. In contrast, the acid phosphatase activity of cellfree peritoneal exudate fluid with vitamin E increased approximately two to three-fold as compared to the placebo vehicle. From these results, we discussed the relationship between in vivo effects of vitamin E on peritoneal macrophages and T-kininogen induction.
Acid Phosphatase↗
Endothelin inhibits renin release from isolated rat glomeruli.
The effect of endothelin on renin release from isolated rat glomeruli was examined. Endothelin inhibited basal renin release in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 1.0 x 10(-9) M. Endothelin also inhibited renin release stimulated by isoproterenol (10(-5) M). Nifedipine (10(-5) M), a calcium channel blocker, induced an increase in renin release. Endothelin did not affect this nifedipine-induced renin release. These results suggest that endothelin inhibits renin release via a calcium entry mechanism and increases intracellular calcium.
Animals↗