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Biomedical subjects

T Ogata

Publications and source records attributed to T Ogata.

612 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Ischemic neuronal damage. How does mild hypothermia modulate it?

The significance of mild hypothermia as a therapeutic measure for ischemic brain damage is presented on the basis of different experimental results. An extracellular glutamate surge, a sustained activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, and an enhancement of DNA binding activity to transcription factor AP-1, all being key items directly linked to excitotoxic neuronal damage, are deeply affected by slightly lowering temperature (mild hypothermia [MH]). The cellular mechanism of MH seems rather nonspecific but tends to collectively involve these key items rendering neurons resistant to ischemic damage. Clinical application of MH should be a great challenge to relieve deadly effects on central neurons.

Animals↗
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A 3D- and 4D-ESR imaging system for small animals.

A new version of in vivo ESR-CT system composed of custom-made 0.7 GHz ESR spectrometer, air-core magnet with a field-scanning coil, three field-gradient coils, and two computers enables up- and down-field, and rapid magnetic-field scanning linearly controlled by computer. 3D-pictures of distribution of nitroxide radicals injected in brains and livers of rats and mice were obtained in 1.5 min with resolution of 1 mm. We have also succeeded in obtaining spatial-time imagings of the animals.

Animals↗
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Absence of Y chromosome microdeletions involving the DAZ (deleted in azoospermia) and RBM (ribonucleic acid-binding motif) genes in patients with chordee without hypospadias.

The presence or absence of 33 DNA loci was investigated with a focus on the long arm of Y chromosome (Yq) interval 6 involving the DAZ and RBM genes, by means of a polymerase chain reaction strategy, in 10 patients with hypospadias. All patients did not show any of the 33 DNA loci. It would appear that chordee without hypospadias does not involve interval 6 of the Y chromosome.

Child↗
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Androgen receptor gene and male genital anomaly.

Male sexual differentiation, testicular descent, and spermatogenesis require androgens. Their action is mediated through the androgen receptor (AR), which binds to the androgen responsive element on DNA and regulates gene transcription. No mutations in any of the AR gene exons 1-8 are detected in males with isolated cryptorchidism, hypospadias, micropenis, or idiopathic male infertility. In addition, the CAG repeat length in exon 1 of the AR gene does not expand in males with isolated cryptorchidism, hypospadias, micropenis, or idiopathic male infertility. These facts indicate that an alteration of the AR gene is rare in these males. However, further studies will permit a better clarification on the relevance of the AR gene abnormalities to the development of isolated cryptorchidism, hypospadias, micropenis, or impaired spermatogenesis.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
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Lack of linkage between height and weight and age at menarche during the secular shift in growth of Japanese children.

During the past century, Japanese children have shown a most dramatic secular trend toward earlier menarche and accelerated tempo of growth. In order to assess the inter-relationship between these dual secular trends, we analysed the data on height and weight measurements of Japanese children, collected by the Japanese Ministry of Education in the years from 1900 through 1986, with reference to various retrospective studies on the age of menarche among Japanese. Between 1950 and 1983, both the mean height and weight at menarche varied significantly but percentage of the mean height achieved at menarcheal age, as compared with the mature height, remained relatively stable at approximately 95%. The results indicate that the secular trend toward earlier menarche reflects largely, if not solely, the secular change in tempo of physical growth in Japanese children.

Adolescent↗
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Pulmonary vasculature in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: a morphometric study.

The pulmonary vascular alterations of seven patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) were morphometrically examined, and the relation between the vascular alterations and morphological status of the hearts was studied. Most patients with IDC showed not only fibrous thickening of small pulmonary veins but also intimal circumferential fibrosis and medial hypertrophy of small pulmonary muscular arteries to various degrees. The histological features of the pulmonary vessels were compatible with hypertensive vascular changes observed in patients with mitral stenosis. There was a significant correlation between medial hypertrophy of the pulmonary muscular arteries and right ventricular hypertrophy. The pulmonary vascular changes in IDC were always associated with left atrioventricular dilatation, but were only found in patients with prominent hypertrophy of the left ventricles. Medial hypertrophy of the pulmonary muscular arteries was related more to left ventricular hypertrophy than to left ventricular dilatation. These findings suggest that the pulmonary vascular changes in IDC are caused by venous pulmonary hypertension, which may be developed at the late stage when left ventricular hypertrophy predominates.

Adult↗
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Aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis with a small mechanical prosthetic valve.

BACKGROUND: Although aortic valve replacement (AVR) is the only effective treatment for patients with aortic stenosis (AS), it is recognized that the use of small prosthetic valves due to a small aortic root often affects postoperative course after AVR. The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of small prosthetic valves was a risk factor of AVR for AS. METHODS: We compared various perioperative factors and operative outcomes between patients with a small mechanical prosthetic valve (small group) and patients with a large mechanical prosthetic valve (large group). RESULTS: Early mortality was 0% in each group and the 5-year mortality was 25% in the small group and 10% in the large group. There were no significant differences in perioperative factors between the two groups. The small group patients were significantly older and smaller compared to the large group patients. The valve size was significantly correlated with age and BSA. CONCLUSIONS: The use of small mechanical prostheses was not a risk factor of AVR for AS when it was proportionate to the BSA even for elderly patients. AVR using a small mechanical prosthetic valve may be performed with good results in the short- and long-term.

Age Factors↗
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Bacillus cereus septicemia associated with rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuric renal failure.

A patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) developed septicemia due to Bacillus cereus with subsequent rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuric renal failure. He died despite intensive care. Postmortem examination revealed diffuse muscle necrosis with infiltration of Gram-positive bacilli and widespread bacterial microthrombi in various organs. Septicemia associated with rhabdomyolysis has been described in 12 cases. This case represents the first reported case of B. cereus septicemia associated rhabdomyolysis. Renal failure and shock were considered to be the most important prognostic factors, and either direct infiltration or toxin of the bacteria was suggested to be the mechanism of rhabdomyolysis in sepsis. B. cereus can be one of the lethal organisms in immunocompromised patient such as the present case. Rhabdomyolysis should be considered when a patient with septicemia complains of muscle pain. Prompt hydration and correction of acidosis are important to prevent renal failure and shock.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
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Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with continuous low dose administration of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil for multiple recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after surgical treatment.

To date, conventional treatments for multiple intrahepatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after surgery are unsuccessful. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the prognostic effectiveness of a new infusion chemotherapy of cisplatin (CDDP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) via hepatic artery for HCC with multiple intrahepatic recurrence. Fifty-two patients, who had postoperative multiple recurrence of HCC (more than 3 tumors), were enrolled in this study. Thirty-one patients were treated by hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy via a subcutaneously implanted injection port. A one-week course of this treatment consisted of daily administration of cisplatin (10 mg for 1 h on days 1-5) and subsequent daily administration of 5-fluorouracil (250 mg for 5 h on days 1-5). Three to six sequential one-week courses were performed (the CDDP,5-FU group). Twenty-one patients underwent conventional interventional therapies including transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, lipiodolization (the conventional group). The complete response rate and the effective response rate in the CDDP,5-FU group were 29.0% and 71.0%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate in this group was 45.7%, which was significantly better than that in the conventional group. Based on multivariate analysis, CDDP,5-FU hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy was found to be significant in prolonging survival, and this treatment achieved favorable therapeutic results for multiple recurrence of HCC. As part of a multidisciplinary approach this treatment is expected to improve the prognosis of patients with advanced HCC.

Adult↗
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Expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin in small bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma of the lung: assessment and comparison with noguchi criteria.

The Noguchi criteria are useful in assessing the prognosis of patients with small lung adenocarcinoma. Although there is a significant difference in prognosis between type A or B and type C, it is difficult in some cases to distinguish these types accurately by microscopy. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to examine alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) produced by active fibroblasts in 25 pulmonary adenocarcinomas less than 2 cm in diameter. Eleven of type C (61%) showed positive staining for alpha-SMA, whereas no positive cases were seen in type A or B. The incidence of cancerous blood vessel and lymphatic invasion were significantly higher in alpha-SMA positive cases than in negative cases, and the positive cases showed poorer prognosis. These findings indicate that immunohistochemical detection of alpha-SMA is useful and essential for histological typing by the Noguchi criteria.

Actins↗
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Palmaz-Schatz stent for hepatic artery stenosis during hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy.

Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy using an implantable port system was performed on a 40 year-old man with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. When the in-dwelling catheter was inserted into the common hepatic artery (CHA), intimal dissection occurred as a result of the catheterization causing severe stenosis. On day 55 after intimal dissection, an in-dwelling Palmaz-Schatz stent was inserted after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). CHA blood flow was shown to have improved on Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and Doppler ultrasound after the in-dwelling Palmaz-Schatz stent. Thus a partial response was shown. The DSA from the implantable port system showed adequate patency 6 months after. This is the first report describing the usefulness of a Palmaz-Schatz stent for the severe stenosis of the CHA caused by the technique of catheterization.

Adult↗
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CAG repeat length analysis and mutation screening of the androgen receptor gene in Japanese men with idiopathic azoospermia.

Because androgens are required for normal spermatogenesis, we are investigating abnormalities in the androgen receptor as a possible cause of impaired spermatogenesis in patients with idiopathic male infertility. The CAG repeat length in exon 1 and mutations of the androgen receptor gene were studied in 30 men with idiopathic azoospermia and in 51 fertile men. In men with azoospermia, plasma luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone levels were measured and testicular biopsies were performed. The CAG repeat length ranged from 19 to 30 (mean 23.4 +/- 2.9) and from 17 to 28 (mean 23.7 +/- 3.2) in men with azoospermia and in controls, respectively. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups. In men with azoospermia, the Johnsen testicular biopsy score negatively correlated with plasma FSH (P < .01). However, the Johnsen testicular biopsy score did not correlate with plasma LH and testosterone levels. The CAG repeat length did not correlate with the Johnsen testicular biopsy score, or with plasma concentrations of LH, FSH, and testosterone. No abnormalities in the androgen receptor gene were detected. These facts suggest that the CAG repeat length and alterations in the androgen receptor gene are not associated with the etiology of idiopathic azoospermia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A computerized system to evaluate volumetric infusion pumps.

A computerized system was developed to examine the performance characteristics of infusion pumps. This system collects solution delivered by an infusion pump through an intravenous needle into a collection vessel. Using an inductor-type weight sensor and a semiconductor type of strain-gauge pressure sensor, the weight of the collection vessel and the pressure at the needle were monitored over a specific period (the sampling time), and changes in pressure, flow rate, and volume of fluid were calculated. This system was applied to five volumetric infusion pumps with different pumping mechanisms. Test conditions involved two different solutions, two sizes of needle gauge, and seven flow rates, for a total of 28 measurements per pump. Results showed considerable variation in the infusion pumps' performances based on differences in these indices. Use of an inductance weight sensor as a means to evaluate gravimetric performance appears to be an improvement over conventional methods, which use analytical balances for data generation. The results indicate that this system will be useful in evaluating the performances of commercially available infusion pumps as well as those in development.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of bovine lactoferrin on the immune responses of captive bottlenosed dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) being transported over long distances.

Bovine lactoferrin was administered orally, in feed, to six bottlenosed dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) before they were transported for approximately six hours; their stress responses were compared with those of five untreated dolphins. During the journey the dolphins had an increased plasma concentration of cortisol, and lymphopenia, eosinopenia and mild neutrophilia, indicating a stress response. The administration of lactoferrin did not affect the function of the dolphins' polymorphonuclear leucocytes, but affected their leucogram by maintaining the number of circulating eosinophils.

Administration, Oral↗
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Pulmonary dirofilariasis cytologically mimicking lung cancer. A case report.

A case report on a 64-year-old male with pulmonary dirofilariasis cytologically mimicking lung cancer is presented. By transbronchial brushing cytology, several suspect cells with a papillary arrangement showing a high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, irregularity of nuclear shape, nuclear enlargement and a macronucleolus were obtained. These cells seemed to originate in the reparative process of the bronchiolar epithelium around the infarcted lesion containing Dirofilaria immitis.

Cytodiagnosis↗
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Gene expression of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in non-small cell lung cancer.

Autonomous or continuous granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. (G-CSF)-production in malignant neoplasms is considered to induce leukocytosis without apparent infection. We examined G-CSF gene expression in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and discussed its clinicopathological significance. Northern blot analysis revealed G-CSF gene expression in 14 of 84 surgical specimens (16.7%, 10/30 squamous cell carcinoma, 3/50 adenocarcinoma, 1/4 large cell carcinoma). Eight patients (57.1%, 8/14) with NSCLC showing G-CSF gene-expression had peripheral blood leukocytosis (> 8,000/microliter). The prognosis was significantly worse in 10 stage I or II NSCLC showing G-CSF gene expression (p < 0.01, Cox-Mantel test). These findings suggest that G-CSF gene expression is common event in the early stage of primary NSCLC, while it cannot completely explain the leukocytosis induced by lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
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Lung cancer cell line producing cytokeratin 19 fragment and sialyl Lewis X-i antigen.

A new human lung large cell carcinoma cell line producing cytokeratin 19 fragment(CYFRA) and sialyl Lewis X-i antigen(SLX), designated TKB-13, was established from a patent in our laboratory. The cell line grew in a monolayer and had a polygonal epitheloid appearance in phase-contrast microscopy. The doubling time of TKB-13 cells was approximately 32 hours in Dulbecco's minimal essential medium with 5% fetal bovine serum. TKB-13 cells could be transplanted to nude mice and the histological characteristics were the same as those of resected tissue from the primary site. Positive reactions for CYFRA and for SLX were seen within the cytoplasm of TKB-13 cells by immunocytochemical staining. Both CYFRA and SLX were detected in the culture supernatant. Our results suggested that TKB-13 cell line is available for experimental studies on the biological behavior of non-small cell lung cancer.

Aged↗