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Biomedical subjects

T Oda

Publications and source records attributed to T Oda.

At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Mechanism of elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase activity in biliary obstruction: an experimental study.

Bile duct ligation in rats increased alkaline phosphatase activity in serum and liver. In the serum, the activity reached a peak 24 h after bile duct ligation, earlier than in the liver. This finding indicates that the elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase activity is not due to simple overspill of this enzyme from the liver into the circulation. An electrophoretic study, employing polyacrylamide gel with Triton X-100, and a gel filtration study disclosed that 24 h after bile duct ligation the serum contained a high molecular weight form of alkaline phosphatase in addition to the hepatic and intestinal isoenzymes. The high molecular weight form was also found in bile, indicating that regurgitation of bile contributed to the increase in alkaline phosphatase activity in the serum. The absence of the high molecular weight alkaline phosphatase in the sera of rats with intrahepatic cholestasis induced by alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate suggests that, in this type of cholestasis, regurgitation of bile alkaline phosphatase does not play an important role in the elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase activity. These findings indicate that the high molecular weight alkaline phosphatase in serum is a useful diagnostic marker of biliary obstruction.

1-Naphthylisothiocyanate↗
PubMed1980

Determination of the concentration of adriamycin and its metabolites in the serum and tissues of Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing mice by high-performance liquid chromatography.

The concentration of adriamycin and its metabolites in serum and tissues was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a lapse of time after a single intraperitoneal administration to Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing mice. HPLC was carried out by using Zorbax Sil as the stationary phase and 3.8% sodium acetate in isopropanol as the mobile phase, at an excitation wavelength of 470 nm and an emission wavelength of 585 nm. Extraction of adriamycin using chloroform-methanol (4:1) gave recoveries of 98% from serum and 66-96% from tissues. Adriamycin rapidly disappeared from the serum, and the content of adriamycin per gram of tissue decreased in the order liver, duodenum, kidneys, spleen, lung, heart and tumour, and a high tissue retention occurred in the spleen and heart. The main metabolites of adriamycin were adriamycinone and adriamycinol, and other minor metabolites were detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Replicative DNA synthesis and unscheduled DNA synthesis in permeable sarcoma cells studied by nuclease digestion.

About 20% of DNA replicated in vitro in permeable mouse ascites sarcoma cells showed higher sensitivity to staphylococcal nuclease than the sensitivity of bulk DNA, and the remaining part showed the same nuclease sensitivity as that of parental chromatin DNA. The sensitivity of DNA replicated in permeable cells was higher than that of DNA newly replicated in vivo in intact cells, and close to that of DNA newly replicated in vivo in the presence of cycloheximide. Bleomycin-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in permeable cells was highly sensitive to the nuclease. The results suggest that DNA replicated in vitro and parental nuclear protein form immature nucleosomes, probably in the same way as in vivo chromatin replication in the presence of protein synthesis inhibitors. It also appears that bleomycin-induced, unscheduled DNA synthesis occurs largely in the internucleosomal region.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Effects of 2',3'-dideoxythymidine triphosphate on replicative DNA synthesis and unscheduled DNA synthesis in permeable mouse sarcoma cells.

2',3'-Dideoxythymidine triphosphate differentially inhibited replicative DNA synthesis in permeable mouse ascites sarcoma cells and unscheduled DNA synthesis in bleomycin-treated permeable cells or in isolated rat liver nuclei. The mode of inhibition of 2',3'-dideoxythymidine triphosphate was competitive with respect to deoxythymidine triphosphate. 2',3'-Dideoxythymidine triphosphate inhibited replicative DNA synthesis with a Ki of 8 microM, whereas unscheduled DNA synthesis was more sensitive, the Ki being 0.5 microM. Referring to the differential sensitivity of DNA polymerases alpha and beta to 2',3'-dideoxythymidine triphosphate and to other related information reported previously, the present results suggested that DNA polymerase alpha is playing a major role in replicative DNA synthesis, and DNA polymerase beta in unscheduled DNA synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Identification of carcinoembryonic antigen in the C-cell of the normal thyroid.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) activity was confirmed in the C-cell of the normal thyroid by immunohistochemical techniques. This suggests that CEA production in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid is not initiated by carcinogenesis, but reflects a function of the normal C-cell. It is not yet clear whether CEA production in the C-cell may be influenced by carcinogenesis. The C-cell is the first APUD cell that was confirmed to have CEA activity.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed1980

The effects of intravenously administered chlorophyll-A on naturally occurring serum protease inhibitors in rabbits.

Effects of intravenously administered protease inhibitors on naturally occurring serum inhibitors were investigated in rabbits. Water-dispersed chlorophyll-a, trasylol and leupeptin were tested as exogenous protease inhibitors in the experiments. From the results of experiments, it was concluded that: 1) Pretreatment with chlorophyll-a infusion into rabbits, most effectively prevented the rapid consumption of naturally occurring serum protease inhibitors after successive trypsin infusion, and the duration of its action was observed longest when compared with other exogenous inhibitors, such as trasylol or leupeptin. 2) Final therapeutic effects of these exogenous protease inhibitors seem to have depended upon the disappearing way of the administered inhibitors from the blood in certain period of time, as well as upon biochemical potency of their inhibiting activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Therapeutic effect of chlorophyll-a in the treatment of patients with chronic pancreatitis.

The favorable clinical effects of water-soluble form of chlorophyll-a in the treatment of patients with chronic relapsing pancreatitis are described. 1) 34 cases were treated with chlorophyll-a infusion and fairly favorable effect was obtained in 23 cases and some favorable effect, in 9 cases. 2) The most disgusting symptom of pancreatitis, the abdominal pain disappeared in a week or so with infusion of 5--20 mg of chlorophyll-a per day for 1--2 weeks, in all the effective cases. 3) Patients have become well controlled by intermittent administration of chlorophyll-a, even when they had recurrences. 4) 5 cases which had difficulty in the treatment by trasylol, were also successfully treated with chlorophyll-a. 5) In all the cases treated with chlorophyll-a, no unfavorable side-effect, such as of allergic, or photosensitive, or hepatotoxic nature, was hitherto observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Electron microscopic studies on hepatic alkaline phosphatase in experimentally induced biliary obstruction of the rat.

The alterations of the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the rat liver following bile duct ligation were investigated by electron microscopical techniques. Serum ALP activity reached the maximum at 24 hours after ligation and two isozymes of ALP, high molecular and low molecular one, appeared in the serum. Bile canaliculi became dilated at 48 hours after ligation and the microvilli were destructed and diminished in number. ALP activity was observed almost only on the bile canalicular membrane of the liver cells in the control. On the other hand, in the bile duct-ligated rat, the ALP activity on the canalicular membrane was markedly increased initially, then it appeared on the lateral membrane, and finally on the sinusoidal membrane also. It was not stainable on the canalicular membranes which lacked microvilli. The proposed pathway through which hepatic ALP enters the blood stream in bile duct-ligated rats is as follows: ALP, being synthesized in the microsomes of hepatocytes, is initially transferred to the bile canalicular membrane and diffused to lateral membrane through tight junction, reaches to sinusoidal membrane then released into the blood stream.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1980

Morphological changes of the liver in uremic patients treated with chronic hemodialysis--laparoscopic observations and light- and electron-microscopic studies.

In order to clarify morphological changes of the liver in the uremic state, 16 uremic patients treated with chronic hemodialysis were studied. Biopsy was performed in 14 cases under laparoscopic observation and in two on the occasion of renal transplantation. One uremic patients not being treated with dialysis was also studied for comparison. All biopsy specimens were examined by light and electron microscopy. The liver usually appeared mildly or moderately swollen under laparoscopic observations, which was considered at least partially due to the enlargement of the hepatocytes. All patients had hepatocytes with an Orcein-negative "ground glass" appearance, in which marked proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) was found by electron microscopy. Since the patient not being on dialysis also had such hepatocytes, this finding may be characteristic of uremia. With electron microscopy, in addition to proliferation of SER, alteration of mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and an increase in cytoplasmic lipid droplets were observed. Hypertrophy of the Golgi apparatus containing electron-dense particles (VLDL) was often found in patients associated with hypertriglyceridemia. Amorphous electron-dense inclusions in microbodies were occasionally observed. Siderosis was observed in nine patients including three having parenchymal siderosis. With electron microscopy, various siderosomes were seen in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in patients with parencymal siderosis. Conclusively, these histological and ultrastructral features of hepatocytes are rather associated with several metabolic abnormalities in uremia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Biosynthesis of aldolase B by free ribosomes in rat liver.

Free ribosomes and membrane-bound ribosomes were prepared from rat livers, and the contributions of these two types of ribosomes to the synthesis of aldolase B were studied by the immunoprecipitation of [3H]puromycin-labeled nascent peptides with a rabbit antibody to this enzyme. Although rat liver aldolase was recovered in both cytosolic and microsomal fractions by the fractionation of liver homogenate, the microsomal aldolase was immunologically identical with its cytosolic counterpart as confirmed by Ouchterlony immunodiffusion test. We examined the nascent peptide fractions prepared from free and bound ribosomes, and found that the nascent peptides of aldolase were mainly localized in free ribosomes. About 0.5% of the total nascent peptides of free ribosomes and 0.08% of those of bound ribosomes was aldolase. The site of synthesis of serum albumin was also examined as a reference standard by the immunoprecipitation of labeled nascent peptides, and the nascent peptides of this secretory protein were mainly associated with bound ribosomes, as reported by other workers. These observations confirm that aldolase B is mainly synthesized by free ribosomes in rat liver cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Transcription of reconstituted simian virus 40 nucleoprotein complexes.

The regulatory effects of host cellular histones on the transcription of simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA were investigated by using reconstituted and native SV40 nucleoprotein complexes (NPCs). Reconstituted NPCs were prepared from SV40 DNA and the combination fraction of five histones, H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4, isolated from the nuclei of permissive (CV-1) or nonpermissive (BALB/c 3T3, rat liver, and calf thymus) cells. Native NPCs were prepared by alkali disruption of purified SV40 virions. Nuclease digestion of these NPCs gave regular patterns of bands similar to those of SV40 NPCs from SV40-infected CV-1 cells, suggesting the presence of a nucleosomal structure. Transcription of NPCs was analyzed in vitro by using Escherichia coli DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Both histone H1 and the fraction consisting of all five histones inhibited transcription of SV40 DNA by about 90 to 95%. The fraction consisting of four histones lacking H1 reduced the transcription by 30 to 35%, to a level similar to that of transcription with native NPCs. Transcription was inhibited regardless of whether the origin of histones was permissive or nonpermissive cells. Gel electrophoretic patterns of RNA products transcribed from SV40 DNA and reconstituted and native NPCs showed several identical peaks between 13S and 28S. The patterns were identical whether NPCs reconstituted with H1 alone, all five histones, or four histones lacking H1 were used.

DNA, Viral↗
PubMed1980

Induction of syncytia by simian sarcoma virus type I (SSV-I/SSAV-I) in several human transformed cell lines.

Simian sarcoma virus type I (SSV-I/SSAV-I) induced syncytia formation in human cells derived from malignant tumors (KB, HEp-2 and HeLa cells) and human cells transformed by tumor viruses (RSa, RSb and KC cells) as well as rat XC cells. However, SSV-I/SSAV-I did not induce syncytia formation in human cells derived from normal embryos (WI-38, HEL and HEC). Syncytia-inducing activity of SSV-I/SSAV-I was neutralized by anti-SSV-I/SSAV-I serum, indicating that syncytia formation was SSV-I/SSAV-I mediated.

Cell Fusion↗
PubMed1980

Sequelae of nonrheumatic myocarditis in children: a follow-up study.

A follow-up study of childhood myocarditis for at least 12 months (12--39 months, average 19.7 months) was made on 26 patients. Regular cardiological examinations (X-ray, ECG, PCG, MCG and UCG) and serum enzyme studies (especially LDH isozyme and CPK isozyme) were done. Clinical and cardiological normalization was seen in 13 (50.0%), not necessarily with normalized enzyme study. Major residual abnormalities were: CRBBB (3), VPC (3), abnormal Q (1), A-V block I (1), large IVth sound (1) and chronic nonobstructive cardiomyopathy (HNCM) (1). Mild, transient recurrences were seen in 3. Enzyme abnormalities, which existed at the first visit in all cases, disappeared only in 12. This suggests that somewhat active inflammatory process may persist for years, even after clinical and cardiological normalization. The patient with HNCM had a heavy familial history of cardiomyopathy. The relationship between myocarditis and cardiomyopathy was discussed. It is necessary to examine every patients with cardiomyopathy from the stand of view of myocarditis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Stabilizing effects of coenzyme Q10 on potassium ion release, membrane potential and fluidity of rabbit red blood cells.

The effects of coenzyme Q10 (Co Q10) on potassium ion release, membrane potential and fluidity of rabbit red blood cells were studied. Co Q10 inhibited the increased potassium ion release induced by cetylamine or lysolecithin from the cells. Co Q10 slightly decreased the membrane potential monitored by changes in fluorescence intensity of cyanine dye, 3,3'-dipropyl-2,2'-thiodicarbocyanine iodide [diS-C3-(5)], and also slightly decreased the membrane fluidity measured by using 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH). These effects of Co Q10 on the membrane are considered to be due to its membrane stabilizing activity by interaction with lipid bilayers of the membrane.

Amines↗