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Biomedical subjects

T Ochi

Publications and source records attributed to T Ochi.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Phenotypic characteristics of bone marrow cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: Our previous study showed the presence of abnormal myeloid lineage cells in the epiphyseal bone marrow adjacent to joints affected with severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Now, we investigated whether there were any changes of other marrow cell populations related to RA, and whether there were any pathologically characteristic changes in the iliac bone marrow, which is one of the major systemic hematopoietic organs. METHODS: 2-Color flow cytometry was carried out to analyze the phenotypes of mononuclear cells (MNC) fractions in bone marrow aspirates and venous blood from 56 patients with RA and 7 non-RA controls. RESULTS: The absolute number of MNC in the iliac bone marrow was increased by 3-fold in the RA patients compared with the non-RA controls. In contrast, no significant increase of MNC was observed in the tibial epiphyseal bone marrow or peripheral blood. The ratio of each MNC fraction in the iliac bone marrow did not differ significantly between the RA patients and the non-RA controls. In lymphocyte subsets, the percentage of HLA-DR+CD8+ cells to all CD8 cells in the iliac bone marrow increased significantly in the RA patients compared with the non-RA controls. Abnormal myeloid cells (MX-GA+MY4+ cells), specific to severe RA, were found to be more concentrated in the iliac bone marrow than in the tibial epiphyseal bone marrow. CONCLUSION: Characteristic pathologic changes of the iliac bone marrow suggest an important role of systemic bone marrow in the progression of RA.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Prognosis of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia].

Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) is characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis of the lung. It carries a poor prognosis and the treatment for IIP has not yet been established. We evaluated 116 cases of IIP retrospectively, and analyzed possible prognostic factors, such as the mode of detection, clinical symptoms, chest X-ray findings, pulmonary function tests, blood chemistry, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and treatments. The 5-year survival rate from the onset was 39.5% and the 10-year survival rate was only 12.7%. The 5-year survival rate from the appearance of dyspnea on exertion was 23.2% and 10-year survival rate was 9.0%. According to the results of the Kaplan-Meier analysis, patients with low% FVC (< 70%), those with high values of ESR, those with high values of CRP, and those with advanced chest X-ray shadows did not survive as long as other patients. Multivariate analysis with a proportional hazards model revealed that a high percentage of eosinophils in BALF was associated with a poor prognosis. Analysis with a logistic model revealed that being male having a low %DLCO were associated with a poor prognosis.

Female↗
PubMed1994

[A case of subcutaneous sarcoid nodules induced by interferon-alpha].

A 57-year-old woman came to our hospital complaining of multiple subcutaneous nodules that developed while she received corticosteroid therapy for pulmonary sarcoidosis. She was treated with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) at another hospital for C-type chronic hepatitis and she noticed these nodules with tenderness two months after treatment began. A biopsy specimen of the nodule revealed subcutaneous sarcoid granuloma. Her abnormally high serum-ACE value and subcutaneous nodules resolved after the dose of IFN-alpha was gradually reduced. IFN therapy should be used with care in cases of sarcoidosis in which IFN-gamma and T-lymphocytes are mainly involved.

Female↗
PubMed1994

[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis--histopathology of summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis].

Summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis(SHP) first reported by T. OCHI, et al. (1978), as a new type hypersensitivity pneumonitis(HP) with features of initiation during summer and anti-Cryptococcus antibody positive sera, has been recognized as "a unique disease in Japan", a most common type of HP in Japan, and now also known as anti-Trichosporon cutaneum antibody-positive SHP. This report was mainly concerned with the histopathology of SHP, thus far diagnosed in our hospital. Of the cases in our hospital, 62 consecutive biopsied cases (3 cases of open lung biopsy and 59 cases of transbronchial lung biopsy) without steroid institution before lung biopsy have been reviewed and revealed granulomatous interstitial pneumonitis in the bronchiolo-alveolar region, like various types of HP. Alveolitis (61 of 62 cases; 98.4%), sarcoid-like granuloma (50 of 62; 80.6%) and Masson's body (36 of 62; 58.1%) are main features, and could be named "triad" features. Concerning histopathological findings related with the period of lung biopsy after onset of clinical episodes as HP, alveolitis has been present regardless of period, and fibrinous exudate present in the early period and not in a case at 4 months. Sarcoid-like granuloma and Masson's body have appeared firstly at one-month cases. After this period sarcoid-like granuloma have been present in nearly all cases, but Masson's body has been not present in 10-month case with gradual decrease after 2 months, when all 2-month cases had it. In summary, for histopathological diagnosis of HP, the "triad" features and the time of lung biopsy done are keys, taking into consideration histopathological differential diagnosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic↗
PubMed1993

Effects of adenosine A2 receptor agonists on the excitation of capsaicin-sensitive afferent sensory nerves in airway tissues.

We examined the effects of adenosine analogues on the asthmatic reactions induced by the stimulation of capsaicin-sensitive afferent sensory nerves. Intravenous (i.v.) injection of adenosine A2 receptor agonists, 5'-(N-ethylcarboxamido)-adenosine (NECA) and 2-[p-(carboxyethyl)-phenylethylamino]-5'-N-ethylcarboxamido-adenos ine (CGS 21,680), dose dependently inhibited capsaicin-induced guinea-pig bronchoconstriction (1-1000 nmol kg-1), whereas i.v. administration of the adenosine A1 receptor agonist, N6-cyclo-hexyladenosine (CHA), did not affect it (1000 nmol kg-1). Intratracheal injection of NECA (0.05-5 nmol site-1) and CGS 21,680 (0.05-5 nmol site-1) also reduced capsaicin-induced constriction in a dose-dependent manner. However, NECA (1000 nmol kg-1) failed to inhibit substance P-induced guinea-pig bronchoconstriction. NECA (1-1000 nmol kg-1) dose-dependently inhibited cigarette smoke-induced rat tracheal plasma extravasation, but not substance P-induced reaction. NECA (0.1-10 microM) and CGS 21,680 (10 microM) significantly blocked the capsaicin-induced release of substance P-like immunoreactivity from guinea-pig lung, whereas CHA (10 microM) had no effect. This evidence suggests that adenosine A2 receptors modulate negatively the excitation of capsaicin-sensitive afferent sensory nerves and substance P release from their endings in airway tissues.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1993

Mechanism for the changes in levels of glutathione upon exposure of cultured mammalian cells to tertiary-butylhydroperoxide and diamide.

Qualitative and quantitative changes associated with cellular glutatione (GSH) in response to oxidants were investigated in cultured Chinese hamster V79 cells. Incubation of cells with benzoylperoxide (BZP), tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BuOOH), hydrogen peroxide or diamide for 1 h reduced the level of total GSH (GSH + GSSG). Among the oxidants, t-BuOOH and diamide caused an increase in levels of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and a resultant increase in the ratio of the level of GSSG to the level of total GSH, suggestive of the induction within the cells of a pro-oxidant state by the oxidants. o-Phenanthroline, a chelator of divalent ion, almost completely suppressed the decrease in levels of total GSH caused by t-BuOOH while it did not suppressed either increases in levels of GSSG or increases in the ratio of the levels of GSSG to that of total GSH caused by the hydroperoxide. These results suggest that reactive oxygen radicals are involved in the decrease in levels of GSH by treatment with t-BuOOH but not in the increase in the level of GSSG. After treatment with either t-BuOOH or diamide for 1 h, the level of GSH rapidly increased to more than twice the control level during 15-45 min of post-treatment incubation. o-Phenanthroline almost completely suppressed the increase in levels of GSH caused by t-BuOOH, while it did not affect the changes caused by diamide, suggesting a difference between the mechanisms by which t-BuOOH and diamide cause increases in levels of GSH. It seems likely that reactive oxygen radicals participate not only in the decrease in levels of GSH caused by t-BuOOH but also in the rapid increase that occurs after such treatment. Hence, the first decrease in levels of GSH by the hydroperoxide may be causally related to the latter increase. The amount of [35S]-cysteine taken up by cells after treatment with t-BuOOH was about one half of that taken up by control cells. By contrast, the rate of incorporation of radioactive cysteine into acid-soluble material increased to more than twice that of the controls after treatment with t-BuOOH. The increase in the rate of incorporation of [35S]cysteine into acid-soluble material caused by t-BuOOH was not a consequence of inhibition by the hydroperoxide of utilization of cysteine for protein synthesis. Inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide caused neither an increase in the incorporation of cysteine into acid-soluble material nor an increase in rate of biosynthesis of GSH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Specific antibody-forming cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis--detection by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT)].

Antigen-specific antibody-forming cells (AFCs) were assessed in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of patients with summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis by the method of enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT). Both Cryptococcus- and Trichosporon-specific AFCs of isotypes of IgG, IgA and IgM were detected in BAL fluid cells. The frequency of isotypes of AFCs was in the order of IgA > IgM > IgG. Antibody activities against both Cryptococcus and Trichosporon antigens were detected in the culture supernatant of BAL cells. A good correlation was observed between the number of AFCs and the degree of antibody activity of culture supernatant of BAL cells, particularly of IgA isotype. For the IgM and IgA isotypes, anti-Cryptococcus antibody activity correlated well with anti-Trichosporon antibody activity (r = 0.98, p < 0.0001). In several cases examined, antigen-specific AFCs were detected in in vitro culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients after stimulation with PWM. In the present study, we demonstrated that Cryptococcus neoformans and Trichosporon cutaneum antigen-specific AFCs were present in the lungs of patients with summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and the antibodies secreted therefrom reacted with both these antigens. The presence of memory B cells was also suggested in the peripheral blood of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Therapeutic effect of intradermal injections with difucosyl lactosamine (dimeric Lex) on patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

As reported by us, a new myeloid cell population with an oncofetal membrane marker, dimeric Lex (di-Lex; III3FucV3 FucnLc6), was found in the epiphyseal bone marrow adjacent to the involved joints of patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients with RA received intradermal (id) injections of di-Lex incorporated in liposome or of high molecular weight glycoprotein, or tumor associated carbohydrate antigen (TCA), containing the same carbohydrate epitope as di-Lex. The epiphyseal myeloid cells were reduced or sometimes eliminated during id injection. In random trials of id injection, observation under clinical and laboratory conditions showed improvement in 63% (17/27) of the patients treated for 6 months with appropriate doses of di-Lex (III3FucnLc4), and in 72% (31/43) of those treated with an identical protocol for TCA. However, id injection with monomeric Lex had no effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Efficacy and safety of a quick drying rubbing type povidone-iodine alcoholic disinfectant solution.

The efficacy and safety of a quick drying rubbing type disinfectant (HAD Hand Wash) composed of a povidone-iodine (PVP-I) and ethanol were evaluated in the disinfection of transient skin flora on fingers of 30 medical staff of our department. Three millilitres of HAD solution was rubbed onto the hands for three minutes several times a day over a four week period. Bacteriological effects were evaluated twice, on the first day and after four weeks, by the palm stamp method. The rate of colonies sterilized (bacterial reduction rate) after the use of HAD Hand Wash was 86.9 +/- 21.2% (mean +/- SD) on the first measurement, and 91.5% +/- 12.8% at four weeks. Staphylococcus epidermidis was isolated most frequently and this was eradicated in 83.3% of subjects, the bacterial reduction rate 99.7%. Staphylococcus aureus was originally isolated in 14 subjects and was eradicated in 13; the bacterial colony reduction rate was 99.9% showing high antiseptic efficacy. Although the bacterial reduction rate for Bacillus sp. was a rather low, 75.8-100%, this result was not considered problematic from the clinical standpoint. There were no side effects like chapping in spite of an average 104 applications of HAD Hand Wash during the 4-week test period. From these results, HAD Hand Wash was considered highly effective and safe.

Antisepsis↗
PubMed1993

Levels of urinary polyamines in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To compare urinary polyamine levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with osteoarthritis (OA), and in healthy controls and examine the relationship between urinary polyamine levels and several disease variables in patients with RA. METHODS: We determined the concentrations of urinary polyamines in 33 patients with RA, 24 with OA, and 20 healthy controls, using the enzymatic assay method. For patients with RA relevant clinical and laboratory variables were obtained and functional and radiologic scores determined for the joints. RESULTS: Urinary polyamine levels were significantly higher in patients with RA versus those with OA and healthy controls. In patients with RA the levels of urinary polyamines correlated significantly with the concentrations of serum C-reactive protein (CRP); there was also a statistically significant negative correlation between their urinary polyamine levels and average grip strength in either hand. Moreover, the levels of urinary polyamines in patients with RA showed an increase in proportion to the degree of joint functional damage and radiologic progression. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm our previous report of an increase in the amount of free putrescine in synovial fluids and a significant correlation between the putrescine contents of synovial tissues and the serum CRP concentrations in patients with RA; they also suggest that urinary polyamine levels may be related to the activity and progression of RA, indicating that polyamine may play an important role in RA.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Human bone marrow stromal cell lines from myeloma and rheumatoid arthritis that can support murine pre-B cell growth.

In order to elucidate the pathologic significance of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment in multiple myeloma (MM) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we established patient- or healthy donor (HD)-derived BM stromal cell lines by transfecting the plasmid for expression of SV40 large T Ag and examined their ability to support the stromal cell-dependent growth of a pre-B cell line, DW34. The means of recovered cell numbers of DW34 co-cultured with MM- and RA-derived BM stromal cell lines ranged from 6- to 10-fold more than those with HD-derived ones. Their enhanced ability to support DW34 cell growth was not caused by cytokines, including IL-6, IL-7, and c-kit ligand, although exogenous IL-7 could augment the growth-supporting ability. DW34 cell growth on the stromal cell lines was abolished by inhibiting cell-to-cell interaction with a membrane filter. FACS analysis revealed that the stromal cell lines did not express LFA-1 alpha, beta, NCAM, or ELAM-1. Both patient and HD BM stromal cell lines variably expressed ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and CD44. However, surface expression levels of these molecules did not correlate with the ability of the stromal cell lines to support DW34 cell growth. Taken together, these results suggested that BM microenvironment might play important roles in the pathogenesis of MM and RA.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Bone marrow changes in adjuvant-induced and collagen-induced arthritis. Interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 activity and abnormal myelopoiesis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of bone marrow in arthritis. METHODS: Bone marrow changes over time were investigated in rats with adjuvant-induced and collagen-induced arthritis, using bioassay techniques and histologic analysis. RESULTS: In both animal models, bone marrow interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 activity began to rise before the onset of arthritis and increased in relation to the progression of arthritis. Enhanced myelopoiesis in the bone marrow was noted in conjunction with the increased cytokine activity. CONCLUSION: Bone marrow changes such as those demonstrated in this study may be common to various models of induced arthritis and may have an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effects of a long-term treatment with alacepril on left ventricular hypertrophy and function in patients with essential hypertension.

The authors examined the effects of a long-term treatment with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, alacepril, with respect to the reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy and the improvement of left ventricular function. Ten uncomplicated essential hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, aged 53 +/- 8 years, were treated with alacepril alone for 12 months. All patients underwent echocardiography to to assess left ventricular dimensions and function before and after the treatment. After the treatment, blood pressure was decreased significantly from 163 +/- 14.1/98 +/- 4.2 to 142 +/- 20.3/86 +/- 11.0 mm Hg (each, P less than .01), whereas heart rate did not change (66 +/- 6 versus 69 +/- 8 beats/min). The left ventricular mass index was decreased significantly from 146 +/- 27 to 119 +/- 29 g/m2 (P less than .01). Ejection fraction, fractional shortening, peak shortening rate, and peak lengthening rate all improved significantly after the treatment. There was a significant inverse relationship between fractional shortening and end-systolic wall stress before the treatment (r = .63, P less than .05), and this relationship did not change after the treatment. It is concluded that alacepril improved both left ventricular systolic and diastolic function without causing any consistent augmentation of left ventricular contractility.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The biological activity of hydrogen peroxide. V. The crystal structure of a histidine-peroxide adduct and its biological activities.

Crystals were prepared from a mixture of L-histidine (L-His) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and tested for biological activity in human embryonic fibroblasts. The crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction to be that of an adduct, in which the H2O2 molecule forms a OH-N hydrogen bond with N delta of the side chain of L-His. A 10-min treatment with this adduct in solution (25-150 microM) induced more marked chromosomal aberrations and more single-strand breaks (SSB) in DNA than H2O2 itself, and these effects were generated in a dose-dependent manner. With respect to the induction of dicentric and ring chromosomes (Dic and Ring), a maximum frequency of 1.3 per cell was obtained at 75 microM. This maximum level of induction by the adduct was 6-7 times higher than that by H2O2 and was comparable to that by the mixture of L-His and H2O2 which we observed in our previous studies. The most effective dose for such induction by the adduct was also similar to that of L-His in the mixture. Cell growth was inhibited more strongly by the adduct than by H2O2 alone after a 60-min treatment at 75 microM, although there was not much difference between their effects after a 10-min treatment at 75 microM. The reactive factors derived from the adduct were the same as those in the mixture, and are suggested to be derivatives of H2O2, hydroxyl radicals (.OH) and/or singlet oxygen (1O2). Thus the patterns of induction and kinetics of the biological activities of the adduct were very similar to those of the mixture, but not to those of H2O2. These results suggest that the formation of the adduct plays an important role in the enhancement of the expression of the biological activity of H2O2 by the coadministration of L-His and H2O2, which we observed in our previous study.

Catalase↗
PubMed1992

Inhibition of the activity of glutathione peroxidase by tertiary-butylhydroperoxide in cultured Chinese hamster cells and the role of cellular glutathione in the recovery of the activity.

Treatment of Chinese hamster cells with 1 mM tertiary-butylhydroperoxide (t-BuOOH) for 1 h markedly inhibited the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). However, the activity returned to pre-inhibition levels within 1-2 h with post-treatment incubation. The inhibition of the activity of GSH-Px by t-BuOOH was enhanced by depletion of levels of cellular GSH with the addition of L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) or diethylmaleate (DEM) and no subsequent recovery of the activity was observed for at least 4 h. The ratio of levels of GSSG to total GSH increased as a result of treatment with 1 mM t-BuOOH or diamide for 1 h but not as a result of treatment with hydrogen peroxide. After treatment with t-BuOOH, the level of GSH rapidly increased to more than twice the control level during 15-40 min of post-treatment incubation. Depletion of GSH by DEM after treatment with t-BuOOH reduced the rate of the recovery of the activity of GSH-Px, suggesting a role of cellular GSH in the recovery. However, the decrease in the rate of the recovery caused by DEM was small and in no way equivalent to the extent of depletion of GSH, suggesting that the rapid increase in the level of GSH after treatment with t-BuOOH is not closely related to the rapid recovery of the activity of GSH-Px.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A raised level of soluble CD8 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis in Japan.

We used ELISA to measure soluble CD8 (sCD8) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum of patients with summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). The sCD8 levels in BALF were significantly higher in the patients with summer-type HP, surpassing those found in sarcoidosis and the other pulmonary diseases studied; however, the sCD8 levels in the serum of patients with summer-type HP did not differ from the levels of the healthy controls. The numbers of CD8+ T cells were increased in the BALF of the patients with summer-type HP, and there was a correlation between the sCD8 levels and the concentrations of CD8+ T cells. Gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the fluid revealed that the anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody-reactive components in the BALF of patients with pneumonitis corresponded to a protein with a molecular weight of between 52 and 54 kDa. Soluble CD8-rich fraction purified from the BALF of patients with summer-type HP augmented in vitro lymphocytes' proliferative responses stimulated with Cryptococcus neoformans, one of the causative agents for summer-type HP. Our result suggests that soluble CD8 in the BALF may play an important role in the pathogenesis of summer-type HP.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Torsade de pointes induced by hypocalcemia in a postoperative patient with thyrotoxicosis.

A 29-year-old woman with a long-term history of Graves' disease was admitted for thyroidectomy. Torsade de pointes occurred after the subtotal thyroidectomy. The level of her serum calcium was lower than normal. After administration of calcium gluconate intravenously, torsade de pointes disappeared and was no longer recorded. It is assumed that her torsade de pointes was caused by hypocalcemia as a complication of subtotal thyroidectomy.

Adult↗