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Biomedical subjects

T Obayashi

Publications and source records attributed to T Obayashi.

83 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

The proatlantal intersegmental artery: a case report and review of the literature.

A case of the proatlantal intersegmental artery (PIA) arising from the external carotid artery (ECA) is presented. The PIA gave rise to the occipital artery, a finding which may support the hypothesis that the distal part of the occipital artery is derived from it. The possibility that the PIA of ECA origin might be a hypertrophied collateral occipital artery is also suggested. The importance of the anteropasterior view in differentiating the PIA of ECA origin from the first cervical intersegmental artery is stressed.

Carotid Artery, External↗
PubMed1980

Radionuclide angiography of vascular lesions of the spinal cord. Its efficacy in selecting patients for spinal angiography.

Selective angiography of the spinal cord is essential for both definitive diagnosis and preoperative evaluation of vascular lesions of the spinal cord. However, the complexity of angiography precludes its use in evaluating every spinal cord lesion. Radionuclide angiography successfully demonstrated vascular lesions of the spinal cord in our two cases, one a hemangioblastoma and the other an arteriovenous malformation. Myelography had not been conclusive in either case. The value of radionuclide angiography as a screening test for vascular lesions of the cord is stressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Adult type neuronal storage disease with neuraminidase deficiency.

We describe a patient with adult-onset neuronal storage disease characterized by myoclonus, cerebellar ataxia, convulsive seizures, cherry-red spots, skeletal dysplasia, mild gargoyle features, inguinal hernia, and angiokeratoma. Cytoplasmic inclusions consistent with lysosomal storage disease were demonstrated in neurons of the autonomic nervous system. Accumulation of GM3 and GM2 gangliosides was found in sympathetic ganglia but a catabolic disturbance of these gangliosides was ruled out by normal levels of GM3 ganglioside sialidase and N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase A activities. beta-Galactosidase activity was decreased in leukocytes and fibroblasts, but not in serum. GM1 gangliosidosis was ruled out by lipid analyses, and mucopolysaccharidosis by normal excretion of mucopolysaccharide in urine. Sialyl oligosaccharides were increased in urine and alpha-neuraminidase was deficient in fibroblasts. This disorder is considered to be an inherited metabolic disorder of sialyl glycoproteins and oligosaccharides due to deficiency of an alpha-neuraminidase.

Galactosidases↗
PubMed1978

Adrenoleukodystrophy. A correlative analysis of computed tomography and radionuclide studies.

A discrepancy in location of abnormality has been noted between computed tomography (CT) and radionuclide studies in patients with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). Radionuclide concentration occurs only in the periphery of the lesion or area of acute demyelinating process and no concentration is seen in the area af gliosis whereas gliosis appears as a low-density lesion in the CT scan. Forward migration of radionuclide uptake in the follow-up study is another characteristic feature of this disease.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis with a small mechanical prosthetic valve.

BACKGROUND: Although aortic valve replacement (AVR) is the only effective treatment for patients with aortic stenosis (AS), it is recognized that the use of small prosthetic valves due to a small aortic root often affects postoperative course after AVR. The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of small prosthetic valves was a risk factor of AVR for AS. METHODS: We compared various perioperative factors and operative outcomes between patients with a small mechanical prosthetic valve (small group) and patients with a large mechanical prosthetic valve (large group). RESULTS: Early mortality was 0% in each group and the 5-year mortality was 25% in the small group and 10% in the large group. There were no significant differences in perioperative factors between the two groups. The small group patients were significantly older and smaller compared to the large group patients. The valve size was significantly correlated with age and BSA. CONCLUSIONS: The use of small mechanical prostheses was not a risk factor of AVR for AS when it was proportionate to the BSA even for elderly patients. AVR using a small mechanical prosthetic valve may be performed with good results in the short- and long-term.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Safety and utility of autologous blood transfusion for resection of metastatic liver tumor.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of predeposit autologous blood transfusion for resection of hepatic metastases. METHODOLOGY: We examined stored blood from 25 patients with advanced colorectal or gastric cancer for carcinoembryonic antigen mRNA using reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay to detect cancer cell in the autologous blood. We also retrospectively evaluated no transfusion (A, n = 44), autologous transfusion (B, n = 15), and homologous transfusion groups (C, n = 26) for perioperative liver function and long-term outcome after undergoing resection of liver metastases. RESULTS: In 5 of 25 patients, carcinoembryonic antigen mRNA was detected immediately after blood donation and after 7 days of storage, but not after 14-21 days of storage. The cumulative 5-year survival rates for groups A, B, and C were not different. However, disease-free survival with colorectal liver metastases was significantly higher in group A than in group C (P = 0.019). Total bilirubin concentrations in group C on the first postoperative day were also significantly higher than group A (P = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Stored autologous blood may contain cancer cells, but these decrease or disappear after storage for more than 7 days. For hepatic resection of metastases, transfusion avoidance yields the optimal outcome.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Safety and advantage of perioperative autologous blood transfusion in hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The safety and advantages of perioperative autologous blood transfusion (ABT) were evaluated on hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood samples were obtained and stored from 30 patients with HCC. HCC cells were investigated by the presence of AFPmRNA using RT-PCR after storage. We also reviewed postoperative liver function and the long-term outcomes of 138 patients who underwent hepatectomy receiving ABT compared with patients receiving homologous blood transfusion (HBT) and patients without blood transfusion. RESULTS: AFPmRNA was not detected in all samples stored for more than 14 days. Postoperative ALT, AST and total bilirubin in the HBT group were significantly higher than those of other groups. Patients in the HBT group had significantly lower survival rates than patients in the ABT group. CONCLUSION: ABT was safe after storage and it had advantages compared with HBT with regard to postoperative liver function and survival rate after the hepatectomy for HCC.

Blood Transfusion, Autologous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of plasma (1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucan in patients with Fusarium, Trichosporon, Saccharomyces and Acremonium fungaemias.

(1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucan, a characteristic fungal molecule, is known to increase in blood in invasive candidiasis, aspergillosis and cryptococcosis. This report shows that the plasma glucan concentration was also elevated in four patients infected with Fusarium, Trichosporon beigelii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Acremonium. In three of the patients, the elevation preceded positive blood cultures by 5-17 days, and in one of them it even preceded the onset of fever by 6 days. In a fourth patient, the glucan level decreased with clinical improvement. Plasma (1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucan determination appears to be useful also for diagnosis and follow-up of these unusual deep mycoses.

Acremonium↗