Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to T O Oei.
We evaluate five tests developed for the earlier detection of pregnancy, either in the clinical laboratory or by the patient in her home. These tests offer no advantage over other urinary pregnancy tests, and the results are distinctly inferior to those reported (Clin. Chem. 29: 561-563, 1983) for some serum tests for pregnancy.
The stimulatory effect of theophylline on ventilation was studied in nine anesthetized dogs. Theophylline infused intravenously (10 mg/kg bolus, then 1.00 mg/kg/hr) for 210 minutes significantly increased the minute volume of ventilation (P less than 0.05 at 210 minutes). After a recovery period of seven to fourteen days, ventriculo-cisternal perfusion was performed with mock cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Theophylline added to the mock CSF did not significantly change the minute ventilation. ventriculo-cisternal perfusion utilizing mock CSF not containing theophylline combined with intravenous theophylline infusion stimulated ventilation similarly to the previous intravenous theophylline infusion. Therefore, stimulation of ventilation by theophylline appears to relate to the serum theophylline concentration and not the ventricular CSF theophylline concentration.
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Examination of 19 serum biochemical and hematologic parameters in a group of white male runners, ranging in age from 23 to 47 years, just prior to and immediately after a 13-mile "mini-marathon," demonstrated a significant increase, by paired Student t-test, in mean values of: K+, BUN, creatinine, CK, LDH, AST (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, uric acid and leukocyte counts. Prevailing environmental conditions were such as to produce no significant hemoconcentration. Using this group's statistics and this hospital laboratory's upper limits of normal, the percentage of values above two SDs are, for the resting state: K+ 7%, BUN 7%, creatinine 0%, CK 21%, LDH 21%, AST 0%, alkaline phosphatase 0%, bilirubin 7%, uric acid 7%, and leukocyte count 0%. Post-exertional values above normal limits are: K+ 7%, BUN 21%, creatinine 21%, CK 93%, LDH 86%, AST 0%, alkaline phosphatase 0%, bilirubin 14%, uric acid 36%, and leukocyte 71%. Consequently, abnormally high values for K+, BUN, creatinine, CK, LDH, bilirubin, uric acid, and leukocyte counts can often be expected in some patients who exercise heavily. The degree of the abnormality will depend on the level and length of exercise as well as the elapsed time between exercise and testing.
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1) Coexisting Mg and K deficiency may occur with greater frequency than has been previously appreciated. 2) Profound hypokalemia, or refractoriness to K repletion or coexisting hypokalemia and hypocalcemia should suggest the possibility of concurrent Mg and K depletion. 3) The identification and treatment of concurrent K and Mg depletion is especially important in patients with congestive heart failure because of problem of digitalis toxicity. 4) We believe that the role of magnesium in optimizing cardiac function remains to be elucidated, identification and treatment of coexisting Mg and K depletion will be facilitated by making serum Mg a routine electrolyte determination together with Na, K, Cl, CO2.
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Iron in serum and urine specimens containing deferoxamine (a chelator used in treating acute iron intoxication) can be measured by the DuPont aca discrete-analyzer method for iron if 0.5 mL of a 100 mL/L solution of thioglycolic acid (mercaptoacetic acid) is added to the IRN-1 and IRN-2 test packs before their use. This reagent releases the unreactive chelated iron, allowing reliable colorimetry. Because about 50% of hemoglobin iron is measured by the modified method, hemolysed samples should not be used (or results should be corrected for hemoglobin iron). The modification allows emergency determination to total serum iron and assessment of urinary iron during chelation therapy, as well as measurement of plasma iron in samples treated with sodium citrate or oxalate plus fluoride (the unmodified aca iron method gives falsely low iron values in the presence of these chelators). About 60% of iron present as the dextran complex (Imferon) is measured by the modified aca method, as compared with <5% by the unmodified aca technique.
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Chloramphenicol can be assayed by a sensitive and selective high-pressure liquid chromatographic assay technique. The method described is easily adapted to analysis of many other drugs.
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We determined the clinical efficacy of using the venous CO2 value, as obtained with routine "electrolytes", in acid-base management. Venipuncture samples for venous CO2 content and chloride concentrations were obtained in 336 patients with arterial blood pH, PaO2, PaCO2, and oxygen saturation determinations. The linear correlation between actual calculated arterial HCO3- and the measured venous CO2 was significant (P less than .001). Using venous CO2, chloride, and arterial pH values, we present various prediction equations for estimating arterial HCO3-. We determined the effects of time delay, exposure to air, and acute changes in arterial blood pH and PaCO2 on venous CO2 levels. Venous CO2 determinations should not be substituted for the arterial HCO3 value in the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to calculate arterial blood pH or PaCO2. Clinically, the venous CO2 value has little direct use, but when venous CO2 content is abnormal, it should alert the clinician to the need for obtaining arterial blood gas and pH values.
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