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Biomedical subjects

T Nose

Publications and source records attributed to T Nose.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Embolic materials for endovascular treatment of cerebral lesions.

Recently developed soft microcatheters can be maneuvered endovascularly into the brain, permitting treatment of lesions without conventional neurosurgery. Progress in biomaterial science has contributed significantly to the development of this new therapeutic modality termed intravascular neurosurgery or interventional neuroradiology. Although embolic materials play an important role, ideal materials have yet to be devised. Various embolic materials in clinical use are reviewed, such as cyanoacrylates, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer mixtures, Ethibloc, ethanol, estrogen, poly(vinyl acetate), cellulose acetate polymer, poly(vinyl alcohol), gelatin sponges, microfibrillar collagen, surgical silk sutures, detachable balloons, and coils. The materials are reviewed in the context of treatment application for various brain lesions, such as arteriovenous malformations, cerebral aneurysms, and head and neck tumors. Further developments in biomaterial polymer science can bring about progress against brain diseases.

Catheterization, Peripheral↗
PubMed1997

Renal cortical retention on delayed CT after angiography and contrast associated nephropathy.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between renal cortical retention (RCR) of contrast media observed on delayed CT (median delay: 20 h) and contrast associated nephropathy (CAN). We investigated the incidence of both phenomena in 270 patients. CAN was defined as an increase in the creatinine level > 0.5 mg dl-1 (44 mumol l-1) and > 25% on day 1, 3 or 7, while RCR was recognized when CT values for the renal cortex showed either mild RCR (CT value > 50) or severe RCR (CT value > 100). RCR was demonstrated in 127 patients (47%), mild in 78 (29%) and severe in 49 (18%), on delayed CT after angiography. CAN was found in eight patients (3%). Patients with severe RCR showed a higher CAN rate (8%) than other patients (mild RCR: 4%, RCR (-): 1%) (p = 0.02). The type of contrast medium was independently associated with the incidence of RCR (p = 0.0001). Although severe RCR was associated with a higher frequency of CAN than the milder forms of RCR, RCR as such was not always associated with CAN.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Aluminum contents in dried and cooked sea vegetables].

Regarding aluminum contents in sea vegetables, dried hijiki (an edible brown algae), dried wakame (seaweed) and dried konbu (kelp) contained 1.08mg/g, 17.7 to 149 micrograms/g, and 4.23 to 24.5 micrograms/g, of aluminum, respectively. With hijiki, especially, having a high aluminum content. Hijiki reconstituted by water immersion contained 450 to 678 micrograms/g, of aluminum. Thus, aluminum in dried hijiki was decreased by 40 to 66% by water immersion. The immersion water of blanched and salted wakame and fruit-bearing leaf wakame contained 4.67 to 6.92 micrograms and 1.00 microgram of aluminum, respectively. The migration ratio of aluminum was 8 approximately 12% for blanched and salted wakame and was 1% for fruit-bearing leaf wakame. The immersion water of Hidaka konbu contained 16.1 to 21.4 micrograms of aluminum, while that of Rishiri konbu contained 4.79 to 7.36 micrograms of aluminum. Thus, 22 to 57% of aluminum migrated into the konbu immersion water. Aluminum scarcely migrated into the supernatant of the immersion water. Compared with the cold water immersion method, a high aluminum migration ratio was achieved in the heat extraction method. It was estimated that the aluminum intake from reconstituted hijiki (dry weight: 5g) was about 2.2 to 3.4mg, which amounted to 50 to 75% of the daily aluminum intake of a typical Japanese diet.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1997

Mn-metalloporphyrin conjugated with Gd-DTPA (Gd-ATN10): tumor enhancement agent for magnetic resonance imaging.

A conjugate of manganese-metalloporphyrin and gadolinium (Gd)-diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid (Gd-ATN10) was developed as a tumor-specific enhancement agent for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Gd-ATN10 was evaluated in an experimental 9L gliosarcoma rat tumor model. T1-weighted MR imaging showed enhancement of the tumor which persisted for up to 24 hours. Gd concentration measurement by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy revealed the peak Gd concentration was reached after 30 minutes and Gd was retained in the blood and tumor up to 24 hours. There was no uptake of Gd in the normal brain and little in the skin. Gd-porphyrin derivatives are potentially useful agents for tumor diagnosis on MR imaging and for neutron capture therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Intracranial epidermoid cyst including elements of old hematoma.

A 70-year-old female presented with symptoms of right-sided trigeminal neuralgia. Computed tomography showed a high-density mass in the prepontine cistern without enhancement. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed the mass as heterogeneous with variable but largely high-signal intensity on T1-weighted images and low-signal intensity on T2-weighted images. At surgery, the lesion was found to be an epidermoid cyst filled with old blood and lipid debris. The high-signal intensity on the T1-weighted images may reflect lipid or methemoglobin with the low intensity on T2-weighted images representing hemosiderin. Most intracranial epidermoid cysts appear as low-intensity lesions on T1-weighted images and high-signal intensity on T2-weighted images. Typical MR imaging findings are neither specific for nor constant with epidermoid cysts, requiring critical differential diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

The Bi-Digital O-Ring Test used in the successful diagnosis & treatment (with antibiotic, anti-viral agents & oriental herbal medicine) of a patient suffering from pain & weakness of an upper extremity & Barré-Liéou syndrome appearing after whiplash injury. A case report.

A patient with a whiplash injury suffering from prolonged symptoms, including pain and weakness of the right upper extremity and the symptoms of Barré-Liéou syndrome, was diagnosed and treated with the Bi-Digital O-Ring Test as a supplement to standard medical examinations. Radiological findings showed spondylotic canal stenosis with osteophytes and disc protrusions. The Bi-Digital O-Ring Test indicated a strong abnormal response around the right side of his neck and right shoulder, including the area of the vertebral artery and at acupuncture point GB 21, where positive resonant responses to Cytomegalovirus and Streptococcus faecalis were detected. Antibiotic and anti-viral agents, as well as Ku-Oketsu-Zai, a type of Oriental herbal medicine for overcoming blood stagnation or stasis, were administered according to the drug compatibility test using the Bi-Digital O-ring Test and the following clinical results were obtained. Infection at the site of the vertebral artery and the peri-arterial sympathetic nerve plexus was considered as a cause of the prolongation of the symptoms including Barré-Liéou syndrome, in this case. In addition we especially noted, in this clinical case, that the patient's impaired grasping force dramatically improved from 8 kg to 52 kg in a very short periods of time when the patient held suitable medicine selected with the Bi-Digital O-Ring Test drug compatibility test. We assume that the drug action was transferred electromagnetically, by which the pathological electromagnetic oscillations caused by trauma and following infections were scavenged. This effect might lead to an improvement in the coordination of the neuromuscular system.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1997

[Preoperative synchronized chemoradiation therapy for advanced esophageal cancer].

Synchronized chemoradiation, where 5-FU and CDDP were synchronously administered in the same schedule with radiation therapy, was applied for advanced esophageal cancer in neoadjuvant fashion. Ten patients with advanced esophageal cancer were enrolled for this regimen consisting of 5-FU; 500 mg/day x 5/w x 4, CDDP; 10 mg/day x 5/w x 4 and radiation; 2 Gy x 5/w x 4. Tumor regression was achieved in all cases. In terms of toxicity, bone marrow suppression of more than grade 3 was observed in 60% of the cases, though it was safely controlled. Radical operation was performed on 8 cases. Histological responses in the resected specimen were as following: grade 3, 3 cases; grade 2b, 4 cases; grade 2a, 1 case; and 6 node-negative cases were found. As a postoperative complication, minor leakage occurred in 62.5%, while no major complications such as pneumonia were encountered. This neoadjuvant synchronized chemoradiation improved curability of the salvage operation and permitted reduction surgery for high-risk patients.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1997

[Transient decrease in the size of an enhanced anaplastic astrocytoma seen on magnetic resonance imaging: a case report].

We report unusual radiographic findings which were seen during the management of a patient with anaplastic astrocytoma. An enhanced region in a gyrus of the right frontal lobe was demonstrated in a 38-year-old woman who had had a generalized seizure. Following treatment with steroid- and osmotherapy, this enhanced region decreased clearly on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Six months later, an enhancing mass lesion appeared in the same position. After surgery, this was diagnosed as being an anaplastic astrocytoma. It is speculated that the initial enhancement was caused by transient dysfunction of the blood-brain following the seizure. In this case, the most important radiologic image was a T2-weighted image of MRI which was able to demonstrate the existence of the lesion until the time of its removal by surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Functional MRI employing diazepam; a proposal of neuropharmacological fMRI].

Employing the active benzodiazepine receptor (BZR) ligands, we have used BOLD fMRI to elucidate the effects of these drugs on brain function. The sequential MRI was performed with a 1.5T clinical scanner (Philips GYROSCAN) using a FLASH sequence with the following parameters: TR/TE, 100/45 msec; flip angle, 25 degrees; matrix size, 128*128; 2 averages; for 64 image acquisitions in 32 min. First, 2 mg of diazepam was administrated intravenously at the beginning of the 5th, 15th, 25th, and 35th acquisitions. Then, flumazenil was administrated at the beginning of the 45th (0.2 mg) and 55th (0.3 mg) acquisitions in order to reverse the effect of diazepam. Data processing was made employing Akaike Information Criterion to detect if there were intensity changes after the medication among the trends of intensity changes. Diazepam administration decreased the intensity for a while and flumazenil increased one. In the case of the left frontal glioma with focal epileptogenicity, intensity changes were detected around the tumor. Since the neuronal function consists of the trans-neuronal communications employing neurotransmitters, the result on the modulation of this passage depends on the neuronal function related to the transmitter: gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) in this instance for the effects of these medications to epilepsy. The change in the local blood flow is the result of the local neuronal activity. Therefore, we speculate that this neuropharmacological functional MR image may reflect the neuronal function related to the GABAegic neurotransmitter system. In addition to elucidating basic neurotransmitter function mechanisms, we believe this technique may have clinical utility in the pre-surgical evaluation of patients with intractable seizure disorders. In this respect, this paper presents a new spectrum of fMRI that is capable to study a part of neurotransmitter function employing the BZR ligands, reversing the effect of the agonist with the competitive antagonist, for the first experience, to propose the neuropharmacological functional MR images to have clinical utility in patients with intractable epilepsy in the interictal state.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1997

[Acute subdural hemorrhage of arterial origin: report of three cases].

Three cases of acute subdural hematoma without head injury, but associated with bleeding from cortical artery are described. Case 1: a 74-year-old male had sudden headache during a bronchial asthma attack followed by deterioration of consciousness. He was deeply comatose on admission, and CT scans revealed a huge subdural hematoma. Evacuation of the large hematoma revealed a spurting cortical branch of the middle cerebral artery beneath it. Case 2: Four days before admission, a 69-year-old male developed headache during a fit of coughing. His CT scans on admission showed a thin subdural hematoma. Because it was increasing in volume, the hematoma was removed surgically. A spurting cortical branch of the middle cerebral artery was seen on the surface of the temporal lobe. Case 3: a 80-year-old male, who had had an operation for inguinal hernia under spinal anesthesia ten days before, suffered a sudden headache just after he stood up. CT scans revealed a thick subdural hematoma. As the clot was being removed a spurting artery was seen in the Sylvian region. In a review of 116 surgical cases of acute subdural hematoma at our institute, the incidence of acute spontaneous subdural hemorrhage was 2.6%. The etiology of nontraumatic hematoma is a matter of controversy. Our three cases suggested that the etiology might be the rupture of a cortical artery at the site of adhesion with the dura mater. This would predispose the artery to tearing with minor trauma. Hematoma evacuation by craniotomy and treatment of the ruptured cortical artery were necessary for favorable outcome.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

[Subependymal tumor with metaplastic bone formation: a case report].

A 26-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of headache. CT scan and MRI showed a right subependymal nodule and a left ventricular tumor, neither of which had any enhancement nor were they stained in angiography. Although no skin abnormality was detected, the patient was suspected of tuberous sclerosis. The diagnosis was made because of the subependymal nodule on CT scan and MRI. On June 29, 1995, total removal of a left ventricular tumor was performed by a transcortical approach. Histological sections of this tumor consisted of astrocytic and meningothelial components, containing metaplastic bone formation. Histological diagnosis was dysplastic subependymal tumor. Postoperative course was uneventful. Regrowth of the tumor has not been observed as of now. This case was suspected to involve factors of tuberous sclerosis from a subependymal nodule. However, the ventricular tumor was not diagnosed as a subependymal giant cell astrocytoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[A case of local recurrence of rectal cancer that achieved a complete response with high-dose interstitial brachytherapy].

We report a case of local recurrence of rectal cancer that achieved complete response with high-dose interstitial brachytherapy. The patient was a forty-nine-year-old woman. In September 1995, she underwent abdominoperineal resection of rectum for rectal cancer (T4 N2 M0, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma). In February 1996, she complained of genital bleeding. MRI examination revealed a mass of 70 x 22 x 20 mm in the pelvis, which was diagnosed to be recurrent rectal cancer with needle biopsy. Interstitial brachytherapy (60 Gy/twelve fractions/six days) was performed, and a complete response was achieved. One year after the treatment, no tumor was detected in the pelvis. No skin erosion, skin ulcer, urinary cystitis, nor ileitis occurred. High-dose interstitial brachytherapy delivers high-dose irradiation to a tumor while keeping the dose to the surrounding normal organs at a low level. This procedure may be an effective modality for local recurrence of rectal cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

[Preoperative chemoradiation therapy for advanced rectal cancer].

Preoperative concurrent chemoradiation therapy with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin was applied for advanced rectal cancer. Eligible criteria were as follows: no previous treatment, 4 more than hemicircular occupation, T3 or more invasion to adjacent organs or lymph node metastasis on CT scan, tumor fixation by digital examination. Eleven patients were enrolled with this regimen consisting of 5-FU; 500mg/day x5/w x4, CDDP; 10mg/day X 5/w x4 and radiation; 2Gy x 5/w x 4. As a toxicity, grade 2 leukopenia in 2 cases, grade 2 GI symptoms in one case and radiation dermatitis was observed in 8 cases. As a local response, there were PR in 10 cases and NC in 1 case. Surgical resection was performed on 8 patients. Histological responses in the resected specimens were grade 2, 5 cases; grade 1b, 1 case; and grade la, 2 cases. Operative radicalities were grade A, 3 cases; grade B, 3 cases; and grade C, 2 cases. Preoperative chemoradiation is one of the effective options in multimodal treatment for advanced rectal cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Sensitivity of opioid receptor-like receptor ORL1 for chemical modification on nociceptin, a naturally occurring nociceptive peptide.

Nociceptin or orphanin FQ is a novel neuropeptide that activates an opioid-like G protein-coupled receptor ORL1. This heptadecapeptide FGGFTGARKSARKLANQ resembles kappa-opioid peptide dynorphin A but exhibits an opposite effect to make animals hyperreactive to nociceptive stimulations (Meunier, J.-C., Mollereau, C., Toll, L., Suaudeau, C., Moisand, C., Alvinerie, P., Butour, J.-L., Guillemot, J.-C., Ferrara, P., Monsarrat, B., Mazarguil, H., Vassart, G., Parmentier, M., and Costentin, J. (1995) Nature 377, 532-535; Reinscheid, R. K., Nothacker, H.-P., Bourson, A., Ardati, A., Henningsen, R. A., Bunzow, J. R., Grandy, D. K., Langen, H., Monsma, F. J., Jr., and Civelli, O. (1995) Science 270, 792-794). In the present study, it was found that guinea pig brain contains receptors to which nociceptin binds much more strongly than to ORL1 receptors expressed in human 293 cells. Although the Tyr1 --> Phe substitution for dynorphin A eliminates almost completely an ability to bind to opioid receptors, the Phe1 --> Tyr substitution in nociceptin was found to retain almost fully both receptor binding affinity and in vivo hyperalgesic activity in tail-flick assay. Nociceptin was extremely weak to bind to opioid receptors, while Tyr1-nociceptin exhibited 10-40 times increased affinity, especially for mu receptors, due to its N-terminal sequential identity to opioid peptides. Shortened analogs of dynorphin A are known to retain receptor binding ability and analgesic activity, whereas the removal of C-terminal hexa- or decapeptide from nociceptin totally abolished the affinity for the ORL1 receptor. These results indicated that the mode of interaction between nociceptin and ORL1 receptor is quite different from that between dynorphin and opioid receptor and that the C-terminal portion of nociceptin is crucial for receptor recognition.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor in the serum and tumor tissue of brain tumor patients.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been investigated as a potent mediator of brain tumor angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and glioma growth. Using a VEGF ELISA, we determined the concentration of VEGF in the sera and tumor extracts of 19 brain tumor patients including glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, low grade astrocytoma, meningioma, malignant lymphoma, and metastatic brain tumor as well as normal brain. Although VEGF concentration of the serum was not correlated with that of the tissue, VEGF concentrations of glioblastoma cyst fluid were 200-300-fold higher than those of serum in the patients. VEGF concentration in the tumors was significantly correlated with the vascularity measured by counting vessels stained with von Willebrand factor antibody. VEGF protein localized to the cytoplasm of tumor cells and vasculature in gliomas, predominantly in the peripheral microvessel "hot spots" as well as around the necrosis in glioblastomas. VEGF immunopositivities were well reflected with VEGF concentration determined by ELISA. VEGF ELISA demonstrated time-dependent increase of the VEGF concentration in the serum-free conditioned medium of various glioma cell lines. The conditioned medium with high VEGF concentration induced endothelial cell migration. These observations suggest that VEGF represents a useful marker and measurable element of glioblastoma angiogenesis. The measurement of VEGF concentration by ELISA in tumor and tumor cyst fluid may allow for the assessment of vascularity in gliomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Induction of hepatocyte growth factor in the liver, kidney and lung following total body irradiation in rat.

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been shown to have a pleiotropic function to act as a potent organotropic factor in the regeneration of injury in various organs, including the liver, kidney and lung. To examine the involvement of HGF in radiation injury, the authors analysed the changes in HGF mRNA and HGF protein levels in the rat organs (liver, lung, kidney) and plasma following 6 Gy of total body irradiation. Expression of HGF mRNA in the liver and kidney increased 6-48 h after total body irradiation and returned to previous values 1 week later. HGF protein levels in lung and liver showed 1.3-2-fold elevations 1-2 weeks after irradiation (P < 0.05). HGF levels in plasma stayed at undetectable levels up to 1 month after total body irradiation. The labelling index determined 2 weeks and 1 month after total body irradiation indicated no enhancement of regeneration. Thus, total body irradiation induced transient HGF elevation in these organs without enhancement of regeneration.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1996

Functional magnetic resonance imaging of motor activation in the human cervical spinal cord.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 1.5 T of a 30-mm segment of the human spinal cord, centered at the seventh cervical cord segment, showed mean blood-oxygenation-dependent contrast changes in image intensity of 4.8% associated with a unilateral hand-closing task in normal human volunteers. The observed locale of activation in the ipsilateral intermediate and ventral gray matter of the cervical cord contains motoneurons, corticospinal axonal terminations from the hand area of the brain motor cortex, and capillaries supplying the spinal neurons. This noninvasive observation of focal activation within the human spinal cord is consistent with neuronal cooperation over more than one cord segment and suggests that fMRI of the human central nervous system may have wider clinical applications outside of the brain.

Adult↗