Functioning ectopic supradiaphragmatic pituitary adenomas.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic↗
Biomedical subjects
T Nose
Publications and source records attributed to T Nose.
Concurrent subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured aneurysm and hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage--case report.
A 64-year-old female presented with hypertensive thalamic hemorrhage concurrent with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to a ruptured aneurysm manifesting as sudden onset of right hemiparesis followed by severe headache. The aneurysm was located in the basilar artery at the origin of the superior cerebellar artery, remote from the thalamic hematoma. The aneurysm was clipped 3 weeks after SAH. She was discharged with slight right hemiparesis. The method and timing of surgery for such patients depend on hematoma size, location of the aneurysm and hematoma, and neurological status. The intracerebral hemorrhage remote from the ruptured aneurysm should be treated initially if necessary, and the aneurysm clipped after the brain swelling has reduced.
Aneurysm, Ruptured↗
Image analysis of nuclear DNA content and morphometric characteristics of the tumor cells in human astrocytomas.
In order to estimate the degree of malignancy of astrocytomas, we applied image analysis to study the nuclear DNA content and morphometric parameters of individual tumor cells in surgically resected specimens of 20 patients. There were nine low grade astrocytomas (LGA) and 11 high grade astrocytomas (HGA). Although the mean DNA index did not indicate a significant difference between LGA and HGA, five (45%) of the 11 HGA had an aneuploid DNA distribution pattern. By contrast, all LGA had a diploid pattern. The ratio of the S-G2M phase (% S-G2M) of the HGA (17.5 +/- 12.3%) was significantly higher than that of the LGA (7.0 +/- 4.6%). From the morphometric analysis of the area and shape of the nucleus of tumor cells, we obtained quantitative estimates of the degree of nuclear pleomorphism in astrocytomas. The nuclei of the tumor cells of HGA had larger sizes, increased anisokaryosis and were more irregular. In contrast to flow cytometry, image analysis can be used for quantitative studies of morphological tumor cell characteristics of relevance in the grading of malignancy.
Adult↗
[Estimated prevalence of presenile dementia in Tottori prefecture].
A questionnaire study of dementia in the age group of 40-64 years old was performed among all hospitals and clinics in Tottori prefecture. Response rate was 52.9% (hospitals 53.2%, clinics 52.4%). A total of 100 patients (from April 1992 to March 1993) were reported. The estimated prevalence rate of all dementia in the age group of 40-64 years old was 81.4 per 100,000 population. Cerebrovascular dementia accounted for half and Alzheimer's disease, intoxication and trauma accounted for 14.0%, 11.5%, and 10.8% of dementia in the age group of 40-64 years old, respectively. There were several other types of dementia but numbers were very few. The estimated prevalence rates of cerebrovascular dementia in the age groups of 40-49, 50-59, and 60-64 years old were 0, 47.9 (male 66.0, female 31.5) and 113.2 (male 184.5, female 51.5), respectively. Those of Alzheimer's disease in the age groups of 40-49, 50-59, and 60-64 years old were 0, 5.6 (male 4.2, female 6.9) and 47.5 (male 50.3, female 45.0), respectively.
Adult↗
[Surgical indication for unruptured cerebral aneurysm in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease].
A series of 44 cases is presented of patients who received surgical treatment for unruptured aneurysms in the anterior circulation, and which were associated with ischemic cerebrovascular disease (CVD). The age of patients varied from 34 to 76 (mean 62.8) years old. The associated ischemic CVD was transient ischemic attack (TIA) in ten, minor completed stroke in 23, and major completed stroke in 11 cases. Thirty five patients recovered fully. However, there were three deaths due to new cerebral infarction or delayed intracranial hemorrhage within 30 days after surgery (mortality 6.8%). Transient morbidity occurred in four patients (9.1%), and permanent morbidity in two patients (4.5%). In six cases, new ischemic events occurred after the surgery. In contrast, all 40 patients whose unruptured aneurysms were not associated with CVD fully recovered from the surgery they underwent. The authors indicate three risk factors which might lead to complication; diabetes mellitus, aneurysms located in the middle cerebral artery, and those larger than 6mm in diameter. Another three life-threatening factors are; elderly patients (> 65 year-old), male, aneurysms larger than 7mm in diameter. Direct surgery for unruptured aneurysms in ischemic CVD patients should be considered in cases free of risk factors indicated above. Eight cases in this series had extracranial carotid artery stenosis on the same side as the aneurysm. Carotid endoarterectomy (CEA) was performed prior to aneurysmal clipping in six patients, and their postoperative courses were excellent. In two patients, clipping was performed prior to CEA, and transient morbidity occurred in one of them.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
[Relationship of public health and sexuality of the elderly].
Senior citizens were surveyed with respect to their sexual lives, their views of the things that give meaning to their lives, and their health. At the same time, approaches to providing sex education for the elderly were considered. Given the social sensitivity ascribed to the subject of sexual activity among the elderly, in order to obtain an accurate unbiased picture, the problem of methodology had to be addressed initially. Two methods were employed in a given region: interviews of senior citizens were conducted and a written questionnaire survey was administered on members of senior citizens' clubs or groups. Through this process the advantages and disadvantages of each method could be evaluated and a more concrete grasp of conditions governing Sexual activity among the aged was obtained. Results of this study showed that a sense of fulfillment in sexual life of a subject was associated with more meaning in life and better subjective health. Therefore the existence of an interrelationship between sexual activity, a sense of meaning in life, and personal health was confirmed. With regard to sex education for the elderly, warm, close physical contact was an aspect of sexual life which was stressed regardless of sex, age, or physical condition. Since frequency of impotence and concern with this problem were high among the men surveyed, including of a detailed discussion of this subject is considered necessary in the sex education program. This study indicated that, in addition to the current emphasis of nutrition, exercise, and rest in the health of senior citizens, sexual activity needs to also be considered as a key element.
Aged↗
[Management for subarachnoid hemorrhage with negative initial angiography].
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is commonly caused by ruptured aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation which is detected by cerebral angiogram. However, since angiograms sometimes cannot show the origin of SAH, we review 12 cases (6.3% of total SAH) to assess the management of these cases. We divided the 12 cases into three groups. Group A (occulted aneurysm group) consisted of six cases of which aneurysms were detected by repeated angiographies in four, and by surgical procedures in two. Group U (unknown etiology group) consisted of five cases. Their follow up periods varied from 7 months to 7 years 11 months, and all of them recovered well and had no episode of rebleeding. Group R (rebleeding group) consisted of one case which fatally re-bled on the second day. Group A tended to be Hunt and Hess grade 3, and Fisher group 3 or 4. In contrast, group U tended to be H and H grade 1 or 2, and Fisher group 2. However by their clinical and neuroradiological findings alone, it was not possible to distinguish the two groups certainly. This means that the patients whose initial angiography does not show the origin of bleeding must be cared for as an occult aneurysm case. Twice repeated angiograms should be programmed. In our cases the first was carried out on the seventh day in the hope that the reason for vasospasm of the parent artery might be shown to be a hidden aneurysm. The second was carried out sometime between the 14th and 21st day because of thrombolysis in the aneurysm, and because it was necessary to relieve vasospasm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Aged↗
Enhancement of thrombin receptor activation by thrombin receptor-derived heptapeptide with para-fluorophenylalanine in place of phenylalanine.
Thrombin receptor-derived peptide SFLLRNP (one-letter amino acid code) which corresponds to the N-terminal heptapeptide of tethered ligand is able to activate thrombin receptor and to stimulate the phosphoinositide (PI) turnover. The replacement of Phe-2 by Ala eliminated this activity completely, showing the crucial role of the Phe-phenyl group in receptor activation. It was found that substitution of para-fluorophenylalanine ((p-F)Phe) for Phe-2 enhanced several times the PI-turnover activity of SFLLRNP. This is the first example to date of a substitution with one order of magnitude greater increase in receptor activation. The Phe-2/Tyr substitution diminished the activity drastically (almost 2% of SFLLRNP), indicating the importance of hydrophobicity of Phe2-phenyl. The Phe-2/Leu substitution, however, diminished also the activity (less than 2% of SFLLRNP). These results suggested that highly specific hydrophobic interaction exists between Phe-2 of the tethered ligand and its binding site in thrombin receptor.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Chymotrypsin inhibitory conformation of dipeptides constructed by side chain-side chain hydrophobic interactions.
A complete series of configurational isomers (L-L, L-D, D-L and D-D) of a dipeptide Leu-Phe benzyl ester have been synthesized and assayed for chymotrypsin. In the conformational analysis by 400 MHz 1H NMR, the L-D and D-L isomers, but not the L-L and D-D isomers, showed fairly large upfield shifts (0.2-0.4 ppm) of Leu-beta CH2 and gamma CH proton signals, indicating the presence of shielding effects from the benzene ring. In addition to distinct signal splitting of Phe-beta CH2, the NOE enhancement observed between Leu-delta CH3 and Phe-phenyl groups revealed that these groups are in close proximity. These data indicated that L-D and D-L isomers form a hydrophobic core between side chains of adjacent Leu and Phe residues. When the dipeptides were examined for inhibition of chymotrypsin using Ac-Tyr-OEt as a substrate, the L-L isomer showed no inhibition, itself becoming a substrate. However, the other three isomers inhibited chymotrypsin in a competitive manner, and the D-L isomer was strongest with Ki of 2.2 x 10(-5) M. It was found that the D-L isomer was only slowly hydrolysed but the L(or D)-D isomer was not. H-D-Phe-L-Leu-OBzl with the inverse sequence of H-D-Leu-L-Phe-OBzl inhibited chymotrypsin more strongly (Ki = 6.3 x 10(-6) M).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Chymotrypsin↗
Crouzon disease associated with sinus pericranii: a report on identical twin sisters.
Crouzon disease is a form of craniosynostosis with the autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Among the anomalies associated with craniosynostosis, aberrant dural sinus is well known. We report on identical twin sisters with Crouzon disease and sinus pericranii who were successfully treated surgically. In one of the sisters hydrocephalus was present, which eventually needed a shunt operation. The association of these anomalies is discussed.
Cephalometry↗
A case of Sturge-Weber syndrome with peculiar venous abnormalities.
A case of Sturge-Weber syndrome with poor filling of the deep cerebral venous system is reported. Usually in this syndrome, enlargement of the internal cerebral, basal Rosenthal, deep medullary, and subependymal veins is revealed by angiography. The abnormality of the deep cerebral venous system in this case corresponded to diffuse faint calcification of the right parietal parenchyma. This was accompanied by venous angioma in the left cerebellar hemisphere and poor filling of the left cerebellar veins-findings which are rare in this syndrome. Occlusion or maldevelopment of the cerebral venous system in the prenatal period may be one possible etiological cause of these venous abnormalities.
Calcinosis↗
Risk factors for hip fracture in elderly Japanese women in Tottori Prefecture, Japan.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Accidents↗
The role of thallium-201 single photon emission tomography in the investigation and characterisation of brain tumours in man and their response to treatment.
The aim of this study was to characterise brain tumour type and treatment response in relation to the uptake of thallium-201. 201T1 single photon emission tomography (SPET) was performed in 58 patients with brain tumours. Fifty-six patients were utilised for the statistical comparison of the early and delayed 201T1 indices expressed as the ratio of tumour to contralateral cerebral hemisphere uptake. The retention index of 201T1 in the tumour tissue calculated from the early and delayed scans was also analysed. Furthermore, in 56 patients with 58 brain tumours, a comparison was made of the diagnostic value of high 201T1 uptake and gadolinium diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (Gd-DTPA) enhancement on MRI scans. Although high 201T1 uptake was observed in viable malignant gliomas, brain metastases, meningiomas and malignant teratoma, the viable malignant gliomas could not be differentiated from brain metastases and extracerebral tumours by means of 201T1 indices. 201T1 SPET failed to diagnose a viable ring-enhanced tumour with a thin rim and small tumours of less than 1.5 cm in diameter visualised by Gd-DTPA-enhanced MRI. In spite of this, 201T1 SPET appears to be effective for determination of the malignant viability of tumours.
Brain↗
Purification, sequencing and characterization of single amino acid-substituted phospholipase A2 isozymes from Trimeresurus gramineus (green habu snake) venom.
Two phospholipases A2 named PLA2-III and IV were newly isolated from Trimeresurus gramineus (green habu snake) venom in addition to PLA2-I and II reported previously [ODA et al. (1991) Toxicon 29, 157; Fukagawa et al. (1992) Toxicon 30, 133]. Their isoelectric points were determined to be about 4.5. PLA2-III and IV exhibited almost unchanged lipolytic activity toward egg-yolk when compared with PLA2-I. The amino acid sequences were determined by sequencing the native proteins and the peptides produced by enzymatic (Achromobacter protease I and clostripain) and chemical (hydroxylamine) cleavages of the S-carboxamidomethylated derivative of the proteins. Both proteins consisted of 122 amino acid residues. When compared with PLA2-I, PLA2-III showed only a single amino acid substitution at the N-terminal position; namely from His to Asn. PLA2-IV also showed a single substitution from Ala to Asp at position 72. It was inferred that these amino acid substitutions between PLA2-I and PLA2-III or IV are due to the single base substitution at the corresponding codons of genes, which might be preserved independently. The unique presence of Phe at position 28, where Tyr is commonly located and assumed to be a part of the Ca(2+)-binding loop, was conserved in both PLA2-III and IV as in PLA2-I. There was no significant difference in the dissociation constants (4.3-5.2 x 10(-4) M) for Ca2+ between these PLA2S and Tyr-28-containing PLA2S. These results suggested that the p-hydroxy group of Try-28 does not play a crucial role in binding of PLA2S to Ca2+.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Emergent aneurysmal surgery without preoperative angiography: usefulness of the intraoperative portable digital subtraction angiography.
A 42-year-old male with subarachnoid and large intracerebral hemorrhage in coma was operated without preoperative angiography because of impending cerebral herniation. After emergent decompressive craniotomy, intraoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed and a middle cerebral artery aneurysm was demonstrated clearly. Aneurysmal neck clipping was successfully performed, and the patient made a good recovery and returned to almost independent activity with minimal hemiparesis. The prognosis of patients with ruptured aneurysm with large intracerebral hematoma is affected by early hematoma evacuation. Since the time spent for preoperative angiography may cause irreversible damage to the brain stem, in such case, early decompressive procedure and subsequent aneurysm diagnosis by intraoperative DSA may be used as alternative method to achieve a good outcome.
Adult↗
Expression of tenascin and BDNF during the migration and differentiation of grafted Purkinje and granule cells in the adult rat cerebellum.
It is believed that 'cell-adhesion molecules' and neurotrophic factors play important roles in the host-graft interactions during the reconstruction of injured brain by neural transplantation. In this study, we have examined the expression of such molecules and factors during the migration and differentiation of grafted Purkinje and granule cells in the adult rat cerebellum. Cerebellar primordium at the 14th gestational day (E14) was transplanted into adult rat cerebellum. Purkinje cells which had migrated from the grafted tissue into the host molecular layer were identified immunohistochemically with a specific marker, anti-spot 35 antibody, as well as by labeling them with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) during their final mitotic period. In the grafted site, transient expression of a neuron-glia cell adhesion molecule, tenascin, was detected immunohistochemically. This molecule was expressed transiently in the host tissue adjacent to the migratory Purkinje cells, as well as within the grafted tissue. Tenascin was not detected in intact host tissue apart from the grafted tissue. In the light of tenascin expression in the migratory process of Purkinje and granule cells during cerebellar development, the induction of this molecule in the host tissue might be involved in the migration of grafted Purkinje and granule cells. Furthermore, gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was found by in situ hybridization and the expression of NGF receptor was found immunohistochemically in the areas where grafted Purkinje and granule cells developed. These findings suggest the involvement of the neurotrophic factor in the growth and differentiation of the grafted cerebellar primordium.
Animals↗
Further identification of bioactive peptides in the anterior byssus retractor muscle of Mytilus: two contractile and three inhibitory peptides.
1. Two contractile and three inhibitory peptides were newly isolated from the anterior byssus retractor muscles (ABRMs) of the bivalve mollusc Mytilus edulis by using the muscle as the bioassay system. 2. The structures of the two contractile peptides were GPFGTHIKamide (GPFG-8) and GPFGLNKHGamide (GPFG-9). The contractile response of the ABRM to the first-time application of GPFG-8 or GPFG-9 was of considerable size. The threshold concentrations of the peptides were around 10(-9) M. However, the contractile response to the second-time application was far smaller than that to the first-time application in both cases. Namely, the muscle showed tachyphylaxis to the peptides. 3. Two of the three inhibitory peptides were members of the Mytilus-inhibitory-peptide (MIP) family. Their structures were RAPLFIamide (MIP6) and RSPMFVamide (MIP7). The peptides, as well as the other MIPs previously identified, showed a potent inhibitory effect on phasic contraction of the ABRM in response to repetitive electrical stimulation. The remaining one was an MIP-related peptide (MIP-RP) having the sequence of MRYFVamide. The MIP-RP was less potent than the two MIPs in inhibiting the contraction of the ABRM.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Pharmacological studies on cutaneous inflammation induced by ultraviolet irradiation (1): quantification of erythema by reflectance colorimetry and correlation with cutaneous blood flow.
This study was conducted to quantify the intensity of ultraviolet (UV) erythema in guinea pigs, a method for evaluating anti-inflammatory drugs, and to clarify any correlation of erythema with cutaneous blood flow. Skin color and cutaneous blood flow in non-administered and indomethacin-administered animals were measured by a colorimeter and a laser Doppler flowmeter over time after UV-irradiation treatment. Skin color was indicated by a XYZ colorimetric system and L*a*b* color space. In either colorimetric system, the values of two indices, x and y or a* and b*, increased along with the intensification of erythema. The increase in the chroma (C*) value calculated from a* and b* was UV-dose-dependent. This value was significantly suppressed by indomethacin 0.5-4 hr after irradiation, and it was found to be a clear and sensitive index for evaluating the suppressive effect of drugs. Cutaneous blood flow also increased with UV irradiation. Indomethacin significantly suppressed this increase 2-3 hr after UV irradiation. The changes of cutaneous blood flow correlated with those of C*. These results suggested C* was a suitable parameter to quantify UV erythema, and the change of skin color in UV erythema reflected the change of cutaneous blood flow.
Animals↗