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Biomedical subjects

T Nose

Publications and source records attributed to T Nose.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Cerebral radiation necrosis with accumulation of thallium 201 on single-photon emission CT.

A patient who had previously undergone resection of a malignant glioma followed by radiation therapy was found to have a focus of a high accumulation of thallous chloride Tl 201 on single-photon emission CT scans, suggesting recurrent tumor. Resection of this area was performed and the specimen showed radiation necrosis, including such reactive changes as reactive astrocytes and lymphocytes in the necrotic tissue. This case illustrates a diagnostic pitfall in the use of 201Tl single-photon emission CT for distinguishing radiation necrosis from recurrent tumor in patients treated for malignant glioma.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1996

[FLAIR images of patients with head injuries].

FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery) images are MR images obtained with an inversion recovery sequence, which has a long inversion time (TI) and a long echo time (TE). We examined 29 cases (49 graphics) of cerebral contusion, 11 cases (22 graphics) of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and 11 cases (11 graphics) of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (t-SAH) with FLAIR sequence consisting of a repetitive time (TR) of 6500 msec, TI of 1700 msec and TE of 110 msec, and these graphics were compared with T2-weighted images by spin-echo sequence (TR 2500 msec, TE 90 msec) and computed tomographic (CT) scans. Some lesions of DAI were demonstrated more clearly with FLAIR images than with conventional T2-weighted images. Although contusion could be detected with FLAIR images as well as with conventional T2-weighted images, lesions adjacent to cerebral sulci were better delineated with FLAIR images. Because the cerebrospinal fluid signals in cerebral sulci were low-intensity, FLAIR images were useful in detecting lesions of the cerebral cortex adjacent to cerebral sulci. Although it has been reported that detection of SAH is difficult with standard T1- and T2-weighted images, the presence of t-SAH could be confirmed with FLAIR images as seen in CT scans.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Correlation of histopathological factor of brain tumor and high thallium-201 uptake in single photon emission computed tomography.

This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between several histological features and the degree of TI-201 uptake in brain tumors. T1-201 SPECT was performed on 52 patients with intracranial lesions. Histological examinations were carried out to determine the gradation of tumor cell density, vascularization, small-cell density, and matrix loosening, and the presence of necrosis, atypia, mitoses, and endothelial proliferation. The histological findings were classified into three categories. While the early uptake of T1-201 depended on the degree of necrosis of glial tumor, the delayed T1-201 uptake was closely related to the degree of necrosis, tumor cell density, and small-cell density, and may thus be of value for estimating the viability and degree of malignancy of glial tumors. In the non-glial tumors, the early and delayed T1-201 uptakes were closely related to all histological parameters, with the increase of necrosis and vascularization in the tumor tissue being particularly closely related to high uptake levels.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1996

[Simultaneous rupture of multiple intracranial aneurysms: a case report].

A rare case of simultaneous rupture of multiple aneurysms is reported. A 68-year-old man presented severe headache and vomiting and was transferred to our hospital. CT scan showed subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in the interhemispheric fissure, the right basal cistern, the right sylvian fissure and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the paraventricle area. Continuation of the hemorrhage could not be detected between SAH and ICH on CT scan. Multiple aneurysms were detected by angiograms on the anterior communicating artery (A-com) and the bifurcation and the distal portion of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA). These findings suggested that SAH was due to a ruptured aneurysm of A-com, and ICH was due to a ruptured aneurysm of the distal portion of MCA. Simultaneous rupture of multiple aneurysms was confirmed by surgical findings. This case indicates that the usual assumption of a single aneurysm rupture in a patient with multiple aneurysms may be erroneous.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[FLAIR images of cerebral and brain stem infarction].

FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery) images are MR images obtained with an inversion recovery sequence having a long inversion time (TI) and a long echo time (TE). We examined 47 cases (56 graphics) of lacunar infarction (LI), 28 cases (32 graphics) of cortical infarction (CI) and 16 cases (23 graphics) of stem infarction (SI) with a FLAIR sequence having a repetitive time (TR) of 6500 msec, a TI of 1700 msec and a TE of 110 msec, and compared these graphics with T2-weighted images by spin-echo sequence (TR 2500 msec, TE 90 msec). LI and CI were better demonstrated with FLAIR images than with conventional T2-weighted images. FLAIR images were very useful in detecting lesions adjacent to the lateral ventricles and the cerebral sulci in particular, because the cerebrospinal fluid signals in the lateral ventricles and the cerebral sulci were low-intensity, with brain tissue appearing as high-intensity areas. In a number of old infarctions, FLAIR images revealed cystic structures, constructed out of internal low-intensity areas and peripheral high-intensity areas. These structural changes suggested that FLAIR images can provide information on pathological changes.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Difference between cancer cells and the corresponding normal tissue in view of stereoselective hydrolysis of synthetic esters.

This study has aimed at taking information necessary for design of anticancer prodrugs modified with chiral acyl group, especially about the effect of chirality of the acyl group on its enzymic removal in specific cells. Thus, 13 species of chiral esters were synthesized and stereoselectivity in their enzymic hydrolysis was investigated with six cancer cell lines, solid tumors, and the corresponding normal tissues. Cultured cancer cells from rat liver, pancreas, and muscle hydrolyzed the R enantiomer of (+/-)-ethyl 2-methoxy-2-phenylacetate (3c) more preferentially than its antipode, whereas this stereoselectivity was reversed in the reaction by homogenate of the corresponding normal tissue of rat. The difference in stereoselectivity between cancer cells and normal tissue was also found in the hydrolysis of other esters including those of actual anticancer agents, p-hydroxyaniline mustard and 5-fluorouridine. The investigation was expanded to real tumor to show that the degree of stereoselectivity or the hydrolytic activity was significantly different between a human brain tumor and its surrounding normal tissue for such substrates as (+/-)-ethyl 2-phenoxypropanoate and N-trifluoroacetylphenylalaninate. The esterases of rat liver cancer cells (Anr4) and normal rat liver gave different band patterns in active staining after gel electrophoresis. The enzymes were fractionated by ion exchange column chromatography and then tested on their stereoselectivity against (+/-)-3c. Comparison of the results and electrophoretograms of the fractions suggests that esterases with different stereoselectivity are expressed in different ways by normal and cancer cells. These results show that stereoselectivity in enzymic hydrolysis of some synthetic chiral esters is different between cancer and normal cells, leading to the possibility that specific activation of ester-type anticancer prodrugs in cancer cells would be controlled by the chiral structure of the acyl group.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Cyclooxygenase inhibitors augment the production of pro-matrix metalloproteinase 9 (progelatinase B) in rabbit articular chondrocytes.

Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9/gelatinase B) has recently been proposed to participate in the destruction of articular cartilage. Here, we report that interleukin 1 (IL-1) enhances the production of the precursor of MMP-9 in rabbit articular chondrocytes in primary culture, and this IL-1-mediated production of proMMP-9 is greatly augmented by cyclooxygenase inhibitors such as diclofenac and indomethacin, whereas the constitutive production of proMMP-2 (progelatinase A) is not modulated by IL-1 and/or cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Exogenous prostaglandin (PG) E1 and PGE2 suppress the proMMP-9 production in a dose-dependent manner. Similar results are also obtained with cultured rabbit synoviocytes. These results provide the first evidence that PGE down-regulates the production of proMMP-9 in chondrocytes and synoviocytes. Thus, cyclooxygenase inhibitors probably exert undesirable catabolic actions on the maintenance of articular cartilage under inflammatory conditions.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1995

Recovery from primary deep cerebral venous sinus thrombosis with recanalisation.

A 50-year-old woman with idiopathic deep cerebral sinus and vein thrombosis (DCVT) had cerebellar disturbance prior to impaired consciousness. CT and MRI revealed haemorrhagic infarction in the cerebellum and signal changes suggesting infarction in the thalamus and basal ganglia bilaterally. The straight sinus and internal cerebral vein (ICV) were dense on CT. On angiography, the vein of Galen (VG) and straight sinus were not seen. Following clinical recovery, CT and MRI became normal, and angiography showed recanalization of the VG and ICV. The relationship between cerebellar infarction and DCVT, and signal changes on CT and MRI are discussed.

Basal Ganglia↗
PubMed1995

Nuclear morphometry and DNA densitometry of human gliomas by image analysis.

In 48 patients with gliomas in whom complete clinical follow-up was obtained, DNA ploidy was evaluated by using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues and by means of image analysis. The mean DNA indices, determined by averaging DNA indices of all tumor cells in a tumor, were mainly affected by mean DNA indices of the nuclei of SG2M phase tumor cell (including S phase and G2M phase cells) (SG2M DNA indices) and that mean DNA indices correlated with the SG2M phase fraction. The SG2M DNA indices and the percentage of tumor cells with S phase and G2M phase were higher in high grade gliomas including anaplastic glioma and glioblastoma multiforme than in low grade gliomas. Patients with G2M-hypertetraploid tumors demonstrated a shorter time to tumor progression than those with G2M-tetraploid in high grade glioma. Morphometrically, the nuclei of SG2M phase glioma cells were larger and more deformity than those of G0G1 phase (including G0 phase and G1 phase cells) cells. The G2M-hypertetraploid tumors were highly malignant and demonstrated large nuclei, greater nuclear deformity, and a higher proliferative potential. The G2M-tetraploid gliomas demonstrated a shorter time to tumor progression in cases whose the SG2M fraction was large. In contrast, G2M-hypotetraploid gliomas revealed an insignificant trend towards a longer time to tumor progression than those associated with tetraploid and hypertetraploid gliomas. We emphasize herein the prognostic importance of the SG2M phase cell, as well as other proliferation indices.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Leukoencephalopathy associated with intra-arterial ACNU in patients with gliomas.

Thirty cases of gliomas treated by surgery, radiotherapy and intra-arterial (IA) ACNU were reviewed with a focus on the late side-effect known as leukoencephalopathy. All cases were classified into three groups; remission (10 cases), regrowth (15 cases) and leukoencephalopathy (5 cases) from their outcome. The average total doses of IA ACNU were 49.8 mg/sqm body surface area in the remission group, 157.3 mg/sqm in the regrowth group and 203.1 mg/sqm in the leukoencephalopathy group. There were significant differences in the total IA ACNU doses between the remission group and both regrowth and leukoencephalopathy groups, while no significant differences were noticed in the dose of radiation given. There was a correlation between the total dose of IA ACNU and the occurrence of leukoencephalopathy. An autopsy of a typical case of leukoencephalopathy revealed various degrees of myelin breakdown and thickening of arterial walls, which probably manifested progressive dementia accompanied by urinary incontinence and gait disturbance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Systemic lupus erythematosus: a case-control epidemiologic study in Japan.

BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is designated by the Japanese government as one of the intractable diseases and all patients, who suffer from these diseases, are registered to get financial aid for treatment. Using newly registered SLE patients, a case-control study was conducted to evaluate potential risk factors. METHODS: Two-hundred and eighty-two women SLE patients, newly registered to receive financial aid for treatment, and 292 randomly selected health examination participants at public health centers (controls) were surveyed from April 1988 through March 1990. By means of a self-administered questionnaire, data concerning demographic variables, smoking and drinking habits, past medical and reproductive history, and family history were collected. RESULTS: Based on unconditional logistic regression analysis, the risk of SLE was significantly increased for current smokers (age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34-3.97). Alcohol and milk intake were inversely associated with risk. Family histories of asthma and collagen diseases, including SLE, were associated with significantly elevated risk of SLE (OR = 2.07, 95% CI 1.14-3.77; OR = 5.20, 95% CI 1.08-24.95, respectively). Regarding reproductive function, women with menarche at age 15 or later had significantly higher risk than those, who started menstruating before age 12 (OR = 3.82, 95% CI 1.66-8.81 for menarche at > 15 years and OR = 2.90, 95% CI 1.14-7.39 for menarche at > or = 16y). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests several risk factors, including smoking, family history, and reproductive history that may increase the risk of SLE.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Multiple arteriovenous malformations of spinal cord and brain in a child.

A case of concurrent intracranial and spinal cord arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is described. A 3-year-old girl presented with paraparesis, bladder-bowel disturbances and bilateral dysesthesia of the lower extremities due to a spinal hematoma, resulting from a spinal AVM. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a hematoma and abnormal vessels in the spinal cord. The AVM was embolized with polyvinyl alcohol particles and silk sutures and was surgically removed. Later, this girl presented with disturbance of consciousness due to an intraventricular hemorrhage, resulting from a cerebral AVM. The cerebral AVM was surgically resected. The coexistence of bleeding cerebral and spinal AVMs is very rare.

Angiography, Digital Subtraction↗
PubMed1995

Osteomas of the skull: comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and histological findings.

Magnetic resonance (MR) images of five patients with osteomas of the skull and six patients with other primary skull tumors were reviewed. All osteomas appeared as low-intensity areas on T1-weighted images. T2-weighted images showed homogeneous low-intensity areas in two dense osteomas, a high-intensity area in one spongy osteoma, and mixed intensity areas in two mixed spongy and dense osteomas, respectively. The signal intensities of osteomas on T2-weighted MR images correlated well with the histological findings. Other skull tumors showed no specific MR imaging appearance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Effect of lymphokine-activated killer cells with or without radiation therapy against malignant brain tumors.

The use of autologous lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells to treat malignant brain tumors was evaluated in 10 patients, one with metastatic malignant melanoma and nine with malignant glioma. LAK cells were obtained by culturing autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes with human recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) for 7-28 days. All patients underwent surgery to remove as much tumor as possible and an Ommaya reservoir was implaced in the tumor cavity. Two of the 10 patients had received radiotherapy elsewhere, so were treated with LAK cells alone. Eight patients were treated with a combination of LAK cells and radiotherapy, using 1.8-2.0 Gy fractions given five times a week with a total dosage between 54 and 65 Gy. LAK cells and rIL-2 were injected to the tumor cavity via the Ommaya reservoir once a week for inpatients and once a month for outpatients. The duration of the LAK therapy ranged from 3 to 23 months (mean 13.7 mos). Neuroimaging evaluation revealed two complete responses, three partial responses, four no changes, and one progressive disease. In one patient with pontine glioma, the Karnofsky performance score was raised from 20 to 60. There were no side effects after the injection of LAK cells and rIL-2. The results suggest low-dose LAK therapy is a useful and safe treatment modality for malignant brain tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Intrasyringal hemorrhage of the cervical cord associated with Chiari type I malformation--case report.

A 34-year-old male presented with intrasyringal hemorrhage associated with Chiari type I malformation manifesting as a history of repetitive severe pain around his neck and back and progressive sensory disturbance. Magnetic resonance imaging clearly demonstrated syringomyelia at the cervical region associated with Chiari type I malformation and hemorrhage in the syrinx which was strongly suggestive of bleeding into pre-existing syringomyelia or Gowers' syringal hemorrhage. Irrigation of the syrinx and syringosubarachnoid shunting were performed, but rebleeding occurred causing shunt malfunction. Shunt revision was performed, but a new cavity developed above the original syrinx. Foramen magnum decompression resulted in successful reduction of the new syrinx and subsequent neurological improvement. Simultaneous foramen magnum decompression and syrinx irrigation may be a better approach to treat this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Cerebral gumma mimicking glioblastoma on magnetic resonance images--case report.

A 39-year-old female presented with a syphilitic cerebral gumma mimicking small glioblastoma multiforme manifesting as visual impairment. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a low signal intensity area on T1-weighted images and marked small ring-like enhancement less than 1 cm in diameter following the administration of gadolinium. The symptoms and radiological abnormalities improved several weeks after penicillin therapy. The small ring-like enhancement was probably caused by inflammation associated with treponemal infection. A mass with a small ring-like enhancement less than 1 cm in diameter is a useful finding indicating an inflammatory lesion rather than a glial tumor.

Adult↗