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Biomedical subjects

T Nohara

Publications and source records attributed to T Nohara.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Preventive effects of saponins from puerariae radix (the root of Pueraria lobata Ohwi) on in vitro immunological injury of rat primary hepatocyte cultures.

The preventive effects of saponins from Puerariae Radix toward in vitro immunological liver injury using an antiserum against the rat liver plasma membranes on primary cultured rat hepatocytes were studied. Crude saponin from Puerariae Radix inhibited the elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity at the dose of 90 micrograms/ml. The inhibition was stronger than that of glycyrrhizin, which was a positive control drug. The representative saponins in this drug, soyasaponin I and kudzusaponin SA3, were also more effective than glycyrrhizin, although their effects were weaker than that of crude saponin at the lower doses (90, 200 micrograms/ml). At 500 micrograms/ml, kudzusaponin SA3 showed antihepatotoxic activity equal to that of crude saponin.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Oleanene-type triterpene glycosides from puerariae radix. IV. Six new saponins from Pueraria lobata.

From Puerariae Radix, the root of Pueraria lobata (Leguminosae), six new oleanene-type triterpene glycosides, called kudzusaponins A1 (1), A2 (2), Ar (3), SA4 (5), and SB1 (6) were isolated together with kudzusaponin A3 (7), soyasaponins SA3 (8), and I (9). The structures of 1-6 were determined to be 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl- (1-->2)-beta-D-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->2)beta-D-glucuronopyranosy l kudzusapogenol A 22-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside, 3-O-beta- D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl kudzusapogenol A, 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl kudzusapogenol A, 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta- D-glucoronopyranosyl kudzusapogenol A, 3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl[(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl soyasapogenol A22-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside,and 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl- (1-->2)-beta- D-glucuronopyranosyl (beta-fabatriosyl) soyasapogenol B 22-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside, respectively.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Cytochrome f encoded by the chloroplast genome is imported into thylakoids via the SecA-dependent pathway.

In vitro import of the precursor of tobacco cytochrome f, which is is encoded by the chloroplast genome, into isolated pea thylakoids was analyzed. Upon incubation with thylakoids and a stromal fraction, the precursor of cytochrome f was efficiently imported into thylakoids. The imported cytochrome f was tightly integrated into the thylakoid membrane. Insertion of cytochrome f into the thylakoid membrane was blocked by nigericin, sodium azide, and antibodies against pea chloroplast SecA. These results suggest that cytochrome f utilizes the bacterial-type SecA-dependent pathway to be imported into thylakoids.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1996

Cardenolides from Erysimum cheiranthoides.

Three new cardiac glycosides were isolated along with two known cardenolides from the seeds of Erysimum cheiranthoides. The new ones were characterized by spectral methods as 16 beta-hydroxystrophanthidin (strophadogenin) 3-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-boiviopyranoside, strophadogenin 3-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-digitoxopyranoside and strophanthidin 3-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-digitoxopyranoside, named cheiranthosides I, II and III, respectively.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Cytotoxic activities of solanum steroidal glycosides.

Cytotoxic activities of 20 steroidal glycosides obtained from Solanum genera plants were examined against various cell lines to provide new evidence as follows: 1) As regarding the sugar linkage, the glycosides possessing a beta-chacotriosyl moiety were the most effective and the presence of the terminal rhamnosyl residue was required for exhibiting strong activity. 2) As for the aglycone, the glycosides carrying a spirostanol aglycone showed the strongest activity and even an aglycone without a sugar linkage presented considerably strong activity.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1996

Cholestane glycosides from Solanum abutiloides.

From the roots of Solanum abutiloides, glycosides of 26-hydroxy- and 26-aminocholestane were obtained and their structures were characterized. Both of them were regarded as key intermediates in the biogenesis of steroidal alkaloids.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Triterpene saponins from Abrus cantoniensis (Leguminosae). II. Characterization of six new saponins having a branched-chain sugar.

The chemical structures of abrisaponins So1 (1), So2 (2), D2 (3), D3 (4), F (5) and SB (6), six of twenty-three saponins from Abri Herba, the whole plants of Abrus cantoniensis (Leguminosae), were investigated. They were elucidated to be 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-[O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl [sequence: see text] (designated as beta-abritetraosyl) sophoradiol (1), 3-O-beta-abritetraosyl sophoradiol 22-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (2), 3-O-beta-abritetraosyl abrisapogenol D (3), O-beta-abritetraosyl abrisapogenol D 22-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), 3-O-beta-abritetraosyl abrisapogenol F (5) and 3-O-beta-abritetraosyl soyasapogenol B (6), respectively.

Fabaceae↗
PubMed1996

Oleanene-type triterpene glycosides from puerariae radix. III. Three new saponins from Pueraria thomsonii.

From the root of Pueraria thomsonii (Leguminosae), three new oleanane-type triterpene glycosides, named kudzusaponin B1, acetyl-kaikasaponin III and acetyl-soyasaponin I were isolated, together with soyasaponin I (4) and subproside V (5). Their structures were determined to be 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2) -beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl kudzusapogenol B (1), 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2) -beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl sophoradiol 22-O-acetate (2) and 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2) -beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl soyasapogenol B 22-O-acetate (3), respectively.

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗
PubMed1995

Isolation and characterization of the cDNA for pea chloroplast SecA. Evolutionary conservation of the bacterial-type SecA-dependent protein transport within chloroplasts.

We report here the isolation of the cDNA for pea chloroplast SecA. Pea SecA encodes a polypeptide of 1,011 amino acids and shows high sequence similarity with cyanobacterial SecA. Pea SecA was synthesized as a larger precursor and was imported into isolated chloroplasts in vitro. The purified pea SecA, which was expressed in Escherichia coli cells, stimulated the in vitro import of the 33 kDa protein of the oxygen-evolving complex into thylakoids. These results indicate that higher plant chloroplasts contain a bacterial-type SecA protein-dependent system for the intraorganellar protein transport into thylakoids.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1995

Spectral analyses of R-R interval and systolic blood pressure in diabetic autonomic neuropathy.

We studied autonomic nervous system function using the principle of maximum entropy (ME) to perform spectral analyses of the R-R interval and systolic blood pressure in 32 diabetic patients and 40 healthy controls. The R-R interval and systolic blood pressure were measured using a continuous, noninvasive monitoring system. The power spectra of both the R-R interval (RR) and systolic blood pressure (SYS) were obtained using ME and the areas of two frequency components were measured: a low- (LFC) and a high-frequency component (HFC). The RR-LFC, RR-HFC and SYS-LFC of diabetic patients were significantly smaller than those of healthy controls. The results of the spectral analyses in diabetic patients correlated with neither disease duration nor nephropathy, while the SYS-LFC showed significant correlations with both retinopathy and the delay in median motor nerve conduction velocity. In the mild autonomic neuropathy group, the RR-LFC and SYS-LFC were not differ from those of healthy controls or patients without autonomic neuropathy. However, the RR-HFC was significantly smaller than that of healthy controls or patients without atonomic neuropathy. In the setting of mild diabetic autonomic neuropathy, it was suggested that cardiac parasympathetic dysfunction preceded both alpha and beta sympathetic dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Cycloartane-type glycosides from thalictri herba.

Two new cycloartane-type glycosides, designated as thalictosides V and IX, were isolated from the methanolic extract of Thalictri Herba (Takatogusa), the dried aerial parts of Thalictrum sp. plants. Their chemical structures have been characterized as 3-O-monodesmoside and the 3,21-di-O-bisdesmoside of 3 beta,22 zeta,30-trihydroxycycloart-24-en-21-oic acid, by chemical and spectroscopic evidence.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Flavonol sinapoyl glycosides from leaves of Thevetia peruviana.

From the leaves of Thevetia peruviana four new flavonol glycosides, kaempferol 3-glucosyl(1 --> 4) [6"'-sinapoylglucosyl] (1 --> 2) galactoside and 3-[2""-sinapoylglucosyl](1 --> 4)[6"'-sinapoylglucosyl](1 --> 2)galactoside and kaempferol and quercetin 3-[6"'-sinapoylglucosyl](1 --> 2)galactoside were isolated, together with the known compounds, kaempferol and quercetin 3-glucosyl(1 --> 2)galactoside. The glycosides were characterized from FAB mass, 1H and 13C NMR and UV spectral data.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1995

Steroidal alkaloids of Fritillaria maximowiczii.

From the bulbs of Fritillaria maximowiczii, in addition to the known jerveratrin alkaloid, kuroyurinidine, three new steroidal alkaloids, 23-isokuroyurinidine, 15,16-seco-22 alpha H, 25 beta H-solanida-5,14-dien-3 beta-ol O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-xylopyranoside and hapepunine 3-O-beta-cellobioside have been isolated and structurally elucidated.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1995

Triterpenoidal saponins from Dumasia truncata.

Extraction of the aerial parts of Dumasia truncata Sieb et Zucc. afforded two new triterpenoidal saponins, together with four known ones. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectral analysis as 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosy-28-O- beta-D- glucopyransoyl hederagenin and 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->3)]-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl oleanic acid.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1995

Oleanene-type triterpene glycosides from Puerariae Radix. II. Isolation of saponins and the application of tandem mass spectrometry to their structure determination.

A continuing study of the ingredients of Puerariae Radix, the roots of Pueraria lobata (WILLD.) OHWI, which is one of the most important crude drugs, has resulted in the first isolation of four new oleanene-type triterpene glycosides, named kudzusaponins SA1, SA2, SA3 and C1 (1-4). Their structures were determined to be 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl soyasapogenol A (1), 3-O-beta-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl soyasapogenol A 22-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (2), 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)-D- glucuronopyranosyl kudzusapogenol C 21-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), respectively. The usefulness of tandem mass spectrometry in the structural determination of oleanene-type triterpene bisdesmosides is also discussed.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1995

Spirostanol glycosides from Peliosanthes sinica.

Three new spirostanol glycosides, peliosanthosides A--C, were isolated from the whole plants of Peliosanthes sinica, along with two known ones. Their structures were elucidated by means of chemical and spectral evidence.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗