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Biomedical subjects

T Noguchi

Publications and source records attributed to T Noguchi.

At least 1,135 records · Page 63Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Immunochemical studies on the human pathogen Sporothrix schenckii: effects of chemical and enzymatic modification of the antigenic compounds upon immediate and delayed reactions.

The rhamnose-containing polysaccharide-peptide compound derived from the cells of the pathogenic fungus Sporothrix schenckii has been shown to contain 87.1% carbohydrate and 12.5% peptide and to give rise to both immediate- and delayed-type reactions in sensitized guinea pigs. The capacity to induce immediate-type reaction, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, was completely lost by degradation of the carbohydrate moiety by periodate, whereas the ability to induce the delayed-type reactions of migration inhibition (in vitro) and the sporotrichin reaction (in vivo) were only slightly affected by periodate treatment. On the other hand, delayed "reactivities" to the compound were considerably reduced by treatment with papain, whereas the immediate-type reaction remained positive. These results lead to a conclusion that the rhamnose-containing polysaccharide of the polysaccharide-peptide antigenic compound plays an important role in the immediate-type reaction, whereas the peptide is largely responsible for the delayed-type reaction.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1975

Subcellular distribution and properties of kynurenine pyruvate transaminase in rat kidney.

Kynurenine transaminase activity in rat kidney was found in both the mitochondrial and supernatant fractions. These fractions contained (a) kynurenine pyruvate transaminase, which showed a preference for pyruvate as amino acceptor, and had a pH optimum between 8.0 and 8.5, and (b) kynurenine 2-oxoglutarate transaminase, with a preference for 2-oxoglutarate and a pH optimum between 6.0 and 6.5. The apparent Km value of the former enzyme for L-kynurenine was much lower than that of the latter enzyme.

Cytosol↗
PubMed1975

Mechanisms of action of selenium and vitamin E in protection of biological membranes.

Opinions vary as to the mode of action of vitamin E and selenium. Some argue that they act as nonspecific biological antioxidants. Others propose that the functions of the two substances are distinct and that vitamin E acts as a true vitamin in addition to functioning as a lipid-soluble antioxidant. Support for the "Biological Antioxidant Theory" is largely circumstantial. However, lipoperoxides have been detected in adipose tissues of vitamin E-deficient animals, and increased rates of in vitro peroxidation have been demonstrated in homogenates of several tissues of selenium and vitamin E-deficient animals. The basis of the antioxygenic role of selenium in these systems was elucidated by the discovery of Rotruck et al. (1973) that selenium is a component of rat erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. Further studies in this laboratory have demonstrated the important role of glutathione peroxidase in protection against the vitamin E- and selenium-deficiency disease of chicks, exudative diathesis, which results from increased capillary permeability. Also shown were the activities of both dietary selenium and vitamin E in prevention of ascorbate-induced peroxidation in mitochondrial and microsomal preparations from chick liver. Recent results demonstrate that both selenium and vitamin E are required to protect hepatic mitochondria and microsomes from peroxidative degradation. Dietary requirements of the chick for both nutrients for this function have been determined: approximately 0.06 ppm selenium in the presence of adequate vitamin E; 30-50 IU vitamin E per kg in the presence of adequate selenium.

Aging↗
PubMed1975

The vulnerability of young Japanese women and suicide.

Young Japanese females had the highest suicide rate in the world until the end of the 1960s, and it is still extremely high. This paper attempts to explain this phenomenon primarily in terms of vulnerability-in their personalities, social conditions, and role conflicts. Concomitant psychological traits and social conditions are discussed. The cultural conflict of young Japanese women is explicated in terms of psychological and historical information. In addition, the reasons for the differences between the suicide rates among females in the Tokyo area and the Kytot-Osaka area are explored largely in terms of concepts relating to authoritarianism and its correlates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Subcellular distribution and properties of rat liver kynurenine transaminase.

Kynurenine transaminase activity in rat liver was found in both the mitochondrial and supernatant fractions. The mitochondrial and supernatant fractions contained (a) kynurenine pyruvate transaminase which showed a preference for pyruvate as amino-acceptor and a pH optimum between 8.0 and 8.5 and (b) kynurenine alpha-ketoglutarate transaminase with a preference for alpha-ketoglutarate and a pH optimum between 6.0 and 6.5.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Kynurenine pyruvate transaminase and its specific inhibitor in rat intestine.

Kynurenine pyruvate transaminase was partially purified and characterized. The enzyme catalysed the conversion of L-knurenine to kynurenic acid. Transamination rates of 3-hydroxy-DL-kynurenine and 5-hydroxy-DL-kynurenine by the enzyme were 1/2.9 and 1/2.6 of kynurenine. The enzyme showed a higher preference for pyruvate than 2-oxoglutarate as aminoacceptor. The pH optimum of the reaction was 8.0 and 8.5. It was shown that the inhibitor of kynurenine pyruvate transaminase was present in the intestine.

Animals↗