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Biomedical subjects

T Noguchi

Publications and source records attributed to T Noguchi.

At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Regulation of plasma amino acid levels by perfusion of hindquarters of rats.

To clarify the role of skeletal muscle in the regulation of plasma amino acid levels, we investigated the response of skeletal muscle to changes in plasma amino acid levels using the perfusion technique of rat hindquarters. The hindquarters of overnight-fasted rats were perfused with a medium containing no amino acids (0 X) and amino acids with plasma levels simulating normal (1 X) or 5 times the normal levels (5 X). Each amino acid level in the perfusate changed in various ways during a 2 h perfusion. The characteristics of amino acid flows in response to the changes in their perfusate levels were divided into four groups as follows: the amino acids which are always taken up irrespective of their plasma levels: glutamate and aspartate; those which are always released: alanine, glutamine and glycine; those which are taken up or released depending on their plasma levels: valine, leucine, isoleucine, serine and (threonine); and those which are released at lower, but neither taken up nor released, at higher plasma levels: tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, histidine, methionine, asparagine, arginine, lysine and proline. Comparing these results with the data of liver perfusion (Bloxam, D.L. (1971): Br. J. Nutr., 26, 393-422), we assumed that skeletal muscle plays a role complementary to liver in the regulation of plasma amino acid levels.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1984

[Indication of extended hepatectomy for liver cancer].

From the results of 95 cases of hepatectomy for liver cancer, including 67 cases of primary liver cancer, during the past 7 years in our department, the indication of extended hepatectomy for liver cancer was reviewed retrospectively, based on the pathological findings and functional reserve of the liver. 1. For curative resection, it is necessary to perform resection of larger segments than tumor existing area. 2. Morphologically, the extent of hepatectomy must be evaluated by the pathological findings such as the existence of tumor emboli in the portal vein, tumor capsule and daughter nodules, etc. 3. Functionally, resectability of the liver could be estimated preoperatively by total risk calculated from various liver function tests through multivariate analysis and the functional reserve (ICGmax) of the remnant liver. Furthermore, ICGRmax of unit liver volume is a good parameter of hepatic regeneration and long prognosis after hepatectomy.

Hepatectomy↗
PubMed1984

New method for local drug delivery using resorbable base material in periodontal therapy.

A new method for local drug delivery to the subgingival plaque was developed using hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) as a base material. Using this material prepared in the form of strips containing antimicrobial drugs, the clinical and microbiological effects by this method on the human periodontal disease were studied. Before the clinical trials, the rate of the drug release from the strips was studied. Both drugs used in this study (CH: chlorhexidine and TC: tetracycline) were released almost within 2 hours from the strips in vitro. In the gingival crevicular fluid, however, it was found that the TC was maintained for 24 hours after the local delivery. Five patients who had deep pockets contralaterally were selected. The CH-containing HPC strips (5%) were applied in one pocket of each patient and the placebo strips were applied in other pocket on day 0, 2 and 4. Plaque Index, Gingival Index, probing depth and the presence or absence of bleeding on probing were recorded on day 0, 2, 4 and 6. Marked reduction of bleeding on probing was found in the pockets applied the CH-containing HPC strips. There was a significant reduction in the proportion of Bacteroides asaccharolyticus in these pockets (p less than 0.01).

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1984

Spinal cord monitoring as a clinical utilization of the spinal evoked potential.

For the purpose of monitoring spinal cord function, evoked spinal cord potential was observed by recording electrodes in the subarachnoid space at the level of the conus medullaris and stimuli delivered to the rostral spinal cord from the epidural space. A specially designed, flexible tube-type electrode was used for both recording and stimulating. The spinal cord evoked potential consisted of an initial spike followed by polyphasic waves. The peak amplitude change was considered to be the main indicator of events that would potentially be hazardous to spinal cord function. Two hundred and twenty-nine operations were monitored by the recording electrode. Six of the patients experienced postoperative neurologic complications. During operation, the peak amplitudes of the evoked potentials diminished to less than 50% of the control values. Simultaneous monitoring of evoked potential revealed that this method was more sensitive than the wake-up test. No complications resulted from the application of this method. Thus, monitoring is a sufficiently sensitive, safe, and reliable method to be useful during aggressive surgery in the spine and spinal cord.

Electrodes↗
PubMed1983

Molecular cloning of DNA complementary to rat L-type pyruvate kinase mRNA. Nutritional and hormonal regulation of L-type pyruvate kinase mRNA concentration.

Rat liver L-type pyruvate kinase mRNA was enriched from total polysomes by immunoprecipitation with a specific antibody and Staphylococcus aureus cells. Double-stranded cDNA synthesized from the enriched mRNA was inserted into the PstI site of pBR322, and the resultant recombinant DNA molecules were used to transform Escherichia coli. Three clones containing DNA complementary to L-type pyruvate kinase mRNA were identified by colony hybridization, hybrid-selected translation, and dot blot hybridization. A partial restriction endonuclease map of cDNA inserts was constructed covering about 1.86 kilobase pairs. The cDNA insert of recombinant plasmid pLPK-14 was used as a hybridization probe to quantitate L-type pyruvate kinase mRNA in rat liver after various treatments. The level of hybridizable L-type enzyme mRNA was markedly increased by a high carbohydrate diet. Diabetes greatly reduced the mRNA level in the liver of rats maintained on a high carbohydrate diet, but insulin administration resulted in restoration of the mRNA level to normal within 24 h. These changes were approximately proportional to the changes in the level of translatable L-type pyruvate kinase mRNA. Thus, we conclude that nutritional and hormonal regulation of synthesis of hepatic L-type pyruvate kinase occurs at the pretranslational level.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Response to light of a specific aminotransferase for delta-aminolevulinate formation in higher plants.

It is thought that the C-5 pathway is the major, possibly the sole, route for the formation of delta-aminolevulinic acid for the biosynthesis of tetrapyrroles, including chlorophylls, in higher plants; a route involving 4,5-dioxovalerate as an intermediate followed by transamination to delta-aminolevulinic acid has been supported as one of the C-5 pathways (Granick, S., and Beale, S. I. (1978) Adv. Enzymol. Relat. Areas Mol. Biol. 46, 33-203). A specific aminotransferase for L-alanine and 4,5-dioxovalerate was found in the cucumber seeds. In dark-grown cucumber seedlings, alanine:4,5-dioxovalerate aminotransferase activity in the transitional region between shoot and root was remarkably high compared with that in the cotyledons. The exposure of the dark-grown seedlings to illumination resulted in a rapid and dramatic increase in the activity only in this transitional region. In contrast, the enzyme in the cotyledons, stem, and roots did not respond to illumination. After a 27-h illumination, the enzyme activity in the transitional region was 100-fold higher than that in the cotyledons. Other aminotransferases assayed in the transitional region did not respond to illumination. Alanine:4,5-dioxovalerate aminotransferase in the transitional region was also specific for L-alanine and 4,5-dioxovalerate.

Kinetics↗