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Biomedical subjects

T Noguchi

Publications and source records attributed to T Noguchi.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Effects of growth hormone on cerebral development: morphological studies.

Growth hormone (GH)-deficient mice exhibit a microcephalic cerebrum with hypomyelination, retarded neuronal growth with poor synaptogenesis, and reduced levels of spontaneous locomotion activity with an indistinct diurnal periodicity. The hypomyelination is found to be due to arrested glial proliferation, suggesting that the action of GH on the proliferation and maturation of both glial and neuronal cells is a necessary precondition of myelin formation, apart from the complementary or synergistic actions of T4. In contrast, the cerebral hypomyelination in hypothyroid mice is not related to arrested glial proliferation, demonstrating that thyroid hormones can act independently on myelinogenesis. On the other hand, the activity of sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is significantly depressed in hypothyroid cerebella, suggesting that T4 is indistinguishable for the maturation of Bergmann glial cells. In addition, the developmental expression of hippocalcin in the GH-deficient brain is retarded, suggesting the poor maturation of the neuronal network, because hippocalcin is considered to associate in postsynaptic neural functions and in synaptic plasticity.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Effects of NCPAP therapy on fibrinogen levels in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

In patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), the blood coagulation system may contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular events, which occur most frequently in the morning. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) treatment can improve the mortality of patients with OSAS. We measured the plasma fibrinogen concentration, which is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events, in the afternoon (3:30 P.M.) and the next morning upon awakening (8:30 A.M.) in 11 patients with OSAS (apnea and hypopnea index > 20) before and after NCPAP therapy. We also measured the hematocrit, the C-reactive protein, and the total plasma protein at the same time. The plasma fibrinogen and hematocrit levels in the morning (298 +/- 16 mg/dl and 48.5 +/- 1.5%, mean +/- SEM) were significantly higher than on the previous afternoon (275 +/- 14 mg/dl and 46.6 +/- 1.3%) (fibrinogen, p < 0.02; hematocrit, p < 0.005). The whole blood viscosity (WBV) at a shear rate of 208 inverse seconds, which can be predicted based on the hematocrit and total plasma protein, was also significantly higher in the morning (4.98 +/- 0.20/s) than in the afternoon (4.73 +/- 0.17/s) (p < 0.005). These increases in the plasma fibrinogen concentration and the WBV in the morning disappeared after NCPAP treatment. The attenuation of morning increases in the plasma fibrinogen concentration and WBV induced by NCPAP treatment may contribute to an overall improvement in the mortality from cardiovascular events in patients with OSAS.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

A new drug delivery system using plasma-irradiated pharmaceutical aids. VI. Controlled release of theophylline from plasma-irradiated double-compressed tablet composed of water-soluble polymers as a wall material.

The rapid drug release from a double-compressed tablet containing theophylline with the water-soluble polymer polymethacrylic acid (PMAA) or polyacrylamide (PAAm) used as a wall material can be suppressed by argon plasma irradiation and changed into the slow release due to a decrease in the solubility of water-soluble polymers used as the outer layer. This report is the first to deal with an attempt to control the release of drugs by controlling polymer solubility, and to fabricate a completely soluble controlled release type of drug delivery system (DDS) making use of plasma processing.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1996

Purification and characterization of purine nucleoside phosphorylase and pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase from Bacillus stearothermophilus TH 6-2.

The purine nucleoside phosphorylase (Pu-NPase) and the pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase (Py-NPase) have been purified from Bacillus stearothermophilus TH 6-2. The Pu-NPase is a trimer of 30-kDa subunits and the Py-NPase is a dimer of 46-kDa subunits. The isoelectric points of Pu-NPase and Py-NPase were pH 4.3 and 4.6, respectively. The Pu-NPase could catalyze the phosphorolysis of inosine and guanosine, but not adenosine. the Py-NPase could phosphorolyze both uridine and thymidine.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Molecular cloning and expression of the pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase gene from Bacillus stearothermophilus TH 6-2.

The pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase (Py-NPase) of Bacillus stearothermophilus TH 6-2 is a dimer of 46-kDa subunits and catalyzes the reversible phosphorolysis of uridine and thymidine. The gene encoding this pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase (pyn gene) has been cloned and sequenced from B. stearothermophilus TH 6-2. The pyn gene corresponded to an open reading frame of 1299 nucleotides that translates into a putative 433 amino acid protein with a molecular weight of 46,271. The deduced amino terminal sequence of Py-NPase coincided with that previously found for the purified enzyme. The deduced amino acid sequence of Py-NPase shared significant similarity with those of human and Escherichia coli thymidine phosphorylases. The cloned pyn gene was overexpressed in E. coli cells to produce an active enzyme in large quantities that accounted for approximately 20% of the total protein.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Nutritional regulation of gene expression of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins and the acid-labile subunit in various tissues of rats.

The plasma concentration and liver mRNA content of IGF-I are regulated by the quantity and quality of dietary proteins. To determine whether the synthesis of IGF-binding proteins (BPs) is also affected by protein nutrition, we assessed plasma concentration, tissue mRNA content and liver transcription rate of each BP after rats were fed either a 12% casein or a protein-free diet for 1 week. Protein deprivation reduced the plasma concentration of IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-4 and increased that of IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2. The mRNA content in tissues and liver transcription rates of IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-4 did not change in response to protein deprivation although their plasma concentrations decreased. The increased plasma IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 concentrations were explained by the increased mRNA content and transcription rate of their genes in the liver. Although IGFBP-1 mRNA was increased by protein deprivation not only in liver but also in kidney, IGFBP-2 mRNA was increased only in liver and did not increase in any other tissue examined. In addition, the liver mRNA content of the acid-labile subunit, which can form a ternary complex with IGFs and IGFBP-3, was not affected by protein deprivation. These results show that tissue-specific synthesis of each BP is regulated in a distinct way in response to protein deprivation.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Mass screening for complete deficiency of thyroxine-binding globulin in adult Japanese by comprehensive health examination.

The incidence of complete thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) deficiency (TBG-CD) was determined for a Japanese population from a comprehensive health examination, in which a T3 resin uptake test of the upper 5% (78 subjects from among 1,589 men) was the screening line for TBG-CD. Further analysis of the known mutation in TBG-CD gene of the Japanese population (reported as TBG-CDJ with codon 352 deletion) was performed on 72 subjects, and three were found to have TBG-CDJ, two of whom were siblings. Only those three subjects had a serum TBG concentration of less than 5 mg/l. The six subjects for whom the DNA analysis was not performed, did not have a serum TBG level of less than 5 mg/l. From these findings, the gene frequency of TBG-CDJ was calculated to be 0.13%. The incidence of TBG-CDJ in the total Japanese population is suggested to be 0.09%.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Effect of protein nutrition on insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptor in various tissues of rats.

The effects of protein nutrition on insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptor in various tissues of rats were investigated. Northern blot and dot blot hybridization analyses were performed using RNA from testis, heart, lung, intestine, stomach, kidney, and brain of rats fed on a 12% casein diet, on a 12% gluten diet which was marginally deficient in lysine and threonine, or on a protein-free diet. The mRNA content of IGF-I receptor in the testis and heart of the rats fed on the 12% gluten and protein-free diets was significantly larger than those of the rats fed on the 12% casein diet. Whereas in other tissues examined, IGF-I receptor mRNA content did not change significantly under the different nutritional conditions. The amount of IGF-I receptor in these tissues and the affinity to IGF-I were determined by measuring the amount of 125I-labelled-IGF-I bound to solubilized IGF-I receptor. The affinity of IGF-I receptor to IGF-I in each tissue under the various nutritional conditions did not show any marked differences. The number of receptors did not change in the testis, lung, intestine, brain or kidney; possibly increased in stomach of the rats fed on the 12% gluten or protein-free diet; and slightly decreased in heart of the rats fed on the 12% gluten diet compared with that of the rats fed on the 12% casein diet. These results indicate that the synthesis of IGF-I receptor is regulated in a distinctive way in each tissue in response to protein nutrition, and suggest that the regulation may have some physiological meaning in signal transmission of IGF-I. The amount of IGF-I receptor, however, was relatively constant in most tissues. Because the plasma IGF-I and IGF-binding protein concentrations change dramatically under different nutritional conditions, we conclude that concentrations of plasma IGF-I and IGF-binding proteins may mainly regulate the IGF-I action in tissues in response to protein nutrition.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1996

The effect of a high-protein diet on cystathionine beta-synthase activity and its transcript levels in rat liver.

Hepatic cystathionine beta-synthase activity was increased in rats fed a high-protein diet for three or five days as compared to rats given laboratory chow (day 0). In the low-protein diet group, the enzyme activity decreased after both feeding periods. Similar changes in the cystathionine beta-synthase mRNA levels were observed in the rats fed these diets. The changes in cystathionine beta-synthase activity caused by alteration of the dietary protein content were mainly due to changes in the mRNA levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Disinfection of removable dentures using ozone.

Over time, removable dentures tend to become unsanitary and emit unpleasant odors, and oral mucosa sometimes becomes inflamed or denture stomatitis is caused by denture plaque. Recently, various cleaning products designed to keep removable dentures sanitary have appeared on the market. It is known that denture plaque is mainly composed of Candida albicans (C. albicans), and that ozone seems to inhibit these micro-organisms. Accordingly, a denture cleaner using ozone bubbles (ozone concentration of about 10 ppm) was considered as clinically appropriate because of its strong disinfecting and deodorizing power, and high biological safeness. The effectiveness of this cleaner against C. albicans was investigated using. Results showed that C. albicans decreased to about 1/10 after 30 min and to 1/10(3) after 60 min.

Candida albicans↗
PubMed1996

[Effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its analogue (buserelin) on aromatase in cultured human granulosa cells].

We studied the direct effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its analogue (buserelin) on aromatase activity and the aromatase cytochrome P-450 (P-450arom) concentration in cultured human granulosa cells which were obtained during oocyte retrieval for in vitro fertilization. Aromatase activity was assessed by radioassay with [1beta-3H]androstenedione as the substrate. The P-450arom concentration was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with specific antibodies to P-450arom. Buserelin stimulated aromatase activity and P-450arom at low concentrations (10(-13) - 10(-9)M), but it suppressed these parameters at high concentrations (10(-8) - 10(-7)M). The stimulatory effect increased with time during 12- to 48-h culture and disappeared after 72-h culture. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (100 ng/ml) stimulated aromatase activity and the P-450arom concentration but, FSH stimulation was suppressed by co-administration of low or high concentrations of buserelin. In contrast GnRH suppressed aromatase activity and P-450arom at all concentrations (10(-12) - 10(-6)M). GnRH also suppressed FSH stimulation of aromatase. Aromatase activity was correlated with the P-450arom concentration. These results suggest that in human preovulatory granulosa cells, buserelin and GnRH modulate aromatase activity by changing the P-450arom concentration.

Aromatase↗
PubMed1996

[Surgical management of leak in an esophageal anastomosis].

The best management of anastomotic leaks is "prevention". In reconstruction of the esophagogastric anastomosis, special care should be taken to avoid injuring the vascular arcades between the right and left gastroepiploic arteries. Similarly in the colon interposition procedures, careful selection of the proper vascular pedicle is of basic importance, not only to avoid anastomotic leakage but to prevent gangrene of the conduit. If leakage occurs, initial management of small leaks includes decompression of the gastric tube or interposed colon pulled up, TPN and generally administration of antibiotics. For larger leaks, adequate drainage should be carried out and the necrotized, gastric tube or colonic segment should be removed immediately, and feeding jejiunostomy should be established. Free flap transfers of neovascularized jejunal segments were performed in three cases in our department with satisfactory postoperative course in order to repairer a chronic larger leaks (a partial defect of the gastric wall).

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1996

[Outcome of long-term nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation in 41 patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure].

Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) is widely used in domiciliary treatment of chronic ventilatory disorders. The outcomes of long-term NIPPV were analyzed in 41 patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure due to pulmonary tuberculosis sequelae (PTS; n = 17), neuromuscular disease (NMD; n = 8), kyphoscoliosis (KS; n = 7), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; n = 6), and miscellaneous diseases (n = 3). Twenty-seven patients with chronic conditions but without acute exacerbations began receiving NIPPV, and fourteen patients began receiving NIPPV after an acute exacerbation. Outcome measures included the probability of continuing NIPPV, survival after starting NIPPV, survival after starting home oxygen therapy (HOT), arterial blood gases, nocturnal oxygen saturation, pulmonary function, and the number of hospital days. Two patients with PTS died, 7 and 40 months after starting NIPPV. Two patients (one with PTS and one with COPD) switched from NIPPV to intermittent positive pressure ventilation via a tracheostomy. The condition of one patient with NMD improved and NIPPV was discontinued. The three-year and five-year probabilities of continuing NIPPV in all patients were 82%, and 71%, respectively. The survival rates three and five years after starting NIPPV were 97% and 85%, respectively. The survival rates one to nine years, and ten to eleven years after starting HOT were 98% and 65%, respectively. The arterial PO2 and PCO2, nocturnal oxygen saturation, vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume, in one second all improved after NIPPV was begun. NIPPV also reduced the number of hospital days, particularly in patients with KS. In conclusion, the long-term outcome of NIPPV in patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure is encouraging.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[IGF-1 levels in elderly patients during perioperative period].

In the present study, concentrations of serum cortisol, ACTH, IRI, growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were measured in 24 surgical patients. Patients were divided into two groups, elderly group (n = 12, age > or = 60, mean age: 68.4 +/- 1.3) and younger group (n = 12, age < 60, mean age: 44.5 +/- 3.5). The samples were taken before and immediately after surgery and on days 1 and 2 postoperatively. Serum levels of cortisol, ACTH, IRI and growth hormone increased significantly after surgery compared to baseline values but they showed no significant differences between elderly group and younger group. Only serum IGF-1 levels were significantly different between them. They were at consistently lower levels in elderly group throughout this study. In contrast, they decreased significantly after surgery, but high IGF-1 levels were maintained in younger group. Catabolic condition shown by negative nitrogen balance is induced after surgery. IGF-1 has potential anabolic effect in human. The pharmacological approach using IGF-1 in the elderly surgical patients will be necessary in order to improve their overall conditions before and after surgery in the future.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1996

[Temporary use of chest negative pressure ventilation to facilitate closure of a tracheal stoma before domiciliary nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation].

A 67-year-old patient with pulmonary tuberculosis sequela had undergone a tracheostomy. The patient was receiving nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation and the stoma failed to close. Temporary use of chest negative pressure ventilation facilitated closure of the stoma and probably shortened the patient's hospital stay. Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation at home was begun safely and effectively.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[A hematologic coagulation monitoring system for bedside use].

Perioperative hemorrhage in patients undergoing surgery is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. DRIHEMATO SYSTEM COAG-1 can detect prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and fibrinogen (FIB) easily. We combined this monitor with platelet count (PLT), activated clotting time (ACT) and thromboelastography (TEG) and devised a hematologic monitoring system for bedside use. This study of 10 adults undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass was conducted to determine the utility of this monitoring system. The specificity for lotting abnormality of this monitoring system included the following values; PT = 88%, FIB = 100% and TEG = 67%. This study suggests that this monitoring system may be useful in early diagnosis and treatment of postoperative coagulopathy.

Adult↗