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Biomedical subjects

T Noguchi

Publications and source records attributed to T Noguchi.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Inflammatory cell population and bacterial contamination of membranes used for guided tissue regenerative procedures.

The purpose of this study was to determine the types of inflammatory cells and bacterial contamination on expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membranes which might affect new tissue formed by guided tissue regeneration (GTR). Forty periodontal bony defects were treated by the flap procedure, which included the use of an ePTFE membrane. Twelve months after the second surgery, the defect sites were re-evaluated for changes in probing depth and clinical attachment level. The ePTFE membranes were retrieved after 4 to 6 weeks of healing and sectioned serially at 3 microm in a coronal-apical plane. The ePTFE membrane was divided into 3 portions: cervical, middle, and apical, each of which was subdivided into outer, central, and inner segments, providing a total of 9 fields. Cells and bacteria were analyzed by light microscopy for their types: mononuclear cell, erythrocyte, fibroblast, neutrophil, plasma cell, T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, macrophage, and oral bacteria. Both cells and bacteria decreased in number towards the apical portion and were present even in the central part. Most cells were mononuclear cells. Erythrocytes, fibroblasts, neutrophils, and plasma cells were rarely encountered. Bacteria, most of which were Gram-positive, were observed in almost the same number in the outer and inner parts. The results indicate that numerous inflammatory cells adhered to and invaded the ePTFE membranes accompanied by bacterial contamination and that there was a tendency for a negative correlation between the increment number of bacteria and the gain of clinical attachment level.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Relationship among risk factors of atherosclerosis, leukocyte count, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1.

We investigated the effects of risk factors of atherosclerosis on soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) concentration and leukocyte count by using multivariate statistical analysis. The subjects were 90 people who were hospitalized for a complete check-up examination. Eight risk factors were selected as candidates for predictor variables: age, body mass index (BMI), uric acid, glycohemoglobin A1c, number of cigarettes smoked daily, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. The predictor variables were selected using a stepwise method, [criterion variable - predictor variable (standardized regression coefficient)]; sICAM1 - age (0.1859), number of cigarettes (0.2558), triglyceride (0.2447); leukocytes - number of cigarettes (0.2827), triglyceride (0.2526), HDL-cholesterol (-0.2800); stab leukocytes - number of cigarettes (0.2460); segmented leukocytes - glycohemoglobin A1c (0.1495), number of cigarettes (0.2716), HDL-cholesterol (-0.3254); lymphocytes - BMI (0.2639), number of cigarettes (0.1495), triglyceride (0.3520); monocytes - glycohemoglobin A1c (0.2617). These findings indicated that the risk factors of atherosclerosis may influence sICAM1 concentration and leukocyte count.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Mutation P291fsinsC in the transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha is dominant negative.

The type 3 form of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY3) results from mutations in the gene encoding the transcription factor, hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha (HNF-1alpha). The mechanism by which mutations in only one allele of the HNF-1alpha gene impair pancreatic beta-cell function is unclear. The functional form of HNF-1alpha is a dimer--either a homodimer or a heterodimer with the structurally related protein HNF-1beta--that binds to and activates transcription of the genes whose expression it regulates. HNF-1alpha is composed of three functional domains: an amino-terminal dimerization domain (amino acids 1-32), a DNA-binding domain with POU-like and homeodomain-like motifs (amino acids 150-280), and a COOH-terminal transactivation domain (amino acids 281-631). Because the dimerization domain is intact in many of the mutant forms of HNF-1alpha found in MODY subjects, these mutant proteins may impair pancreatic beta-cell function by forming nonproductive dimers with wild-type protein, thereby inhibiting its activity; that is, they are dominant-negative mutations. This hypothesis was tested by comparing the functional properties of the frameshift mutation P291fsinsC, the most common mutation identified to date in MODY3 patients, and wild-type HNF-1alpha. P291fsinsC-HNF-1alpha showed no transcriptional transactivation activity in HeLa cells, which lack endogenous HNF-1alpha. Overexpression of P291fsinsC-HNF-1alpha in MIN6 cells, a mouse beta-cell line, resulted in an approximately 40% inhibition of the endogenous HNF-1alpha activity in a dosage-dependent manner. Furthermore, heterodimer formation between wild-type and P291fsinsC mutant proteins were observed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. These data suggest that the P291fsinsC mutation in HNF-1alpha functions as a dominant-negative mutation. However, other mutations, such as those in the promoter region and dimerization domain, may represent loss of function mutations. Thus mutations in the HNF-1alpha gene may lead to beta-cell dysfunction by two different mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Estimation of the amount of telomere molecules in different human age groups and the telomere increasing effect of acupuncture and shiatsu on St.36, using synthesized basic units of the human telomere molecules as reference control substances for the bi-digital O-ring test resonance phenomenon.

It is well established that the telomeres at the ends of chromosomes are composed of long arrays of (TTAGGG)n x (CCCTAA)n that form a nucleoprotein complex required for the replication and protection of chromosome ends. Throughout the cell cycle, telomeres also contain a protein component related to the proto-oncogene Myb that is known as TRF1 (telomere TTAGGG repeat binding factor 1) that binds to the duplex array of TTAGGG repeats in the telomere. Previous studies have shown that TRF1 appears to play a role in controlling the length of telomeres by acting as an inhibitor of telomerase. The amount of each of the TRF1(C-19) & TRF1(N-19) was identical to the amount of telomere of the same organ of the same apparently normal individual. Using synthesized basic unit of TTAGGG, as well as CCCTAA, as separate reference control substances for the Bi-Digital O-Ring Test of Resonance Phenomenon between 2 identical substances, we were able to non-invasively measure the approximate amount of TTAGGG and CCCTAA units, in both normal and cancerous human cells. We examined about 30 apparently normal subjects (both Asian and Caucasian in both sex). The subjects' ages ranged from infancy to 76 years. Each subject was first examined using TTAGGG as a control substance and then examined using CCCTAA as a control substance. The amount of telomere in various cancer tissues are almost always higher than that of normal tissue of the same organ. The measured amounts of both TTAGGG and CCCTAA were found to be in an average of 1500-1600 ng for human fetus or infancy and decreased with the advance of age in both sex with the exception of the heart, brain, eyes (retina), testes, and ovaries, which usually remain at the level of the infant, or reduced very little. Individuals in the same age group had a similar range of amounts of both TTAGGG and CCCTAA in the same organ of the same individual, (except for those with unusually low telomeres often had chronic degenerative diseases, and those who had exceptionally high telomere levels often had excellent physical conditions or mental acumen). The amounts of measured TTAGGG and CCCTAA molecules before and after acupuncture on St. 36 in adenocarcinomas and small cell carcinoma coexisting in the lung of a 54-yr.-old Asian male were: telomere in adenocarcinoma decreased from 950 ng to 750 ng and telomere in small cell carcinoma decreased from 770 ng to 600 ng. When the cancer treatment is effective, the amount of telomere is reduced towards the value of the normal internal organ. We found that acupuncture on St.36 on apparently normal subjects increased the telomere levels up to a maximum of more than 2 times their telomere levels prior to the treatment, depending on the method of treatment, but frequently increases were between 60% to 100%. Strong Shiatsu performed on St. 36 produced a somewhat lesser effect than acupuncture. We also determined the amounts of TTAGGG and CCCTAA molecules non-invasively in 3 mummified Egyptian sisters from the 8th Century BC on exhibit at the Museo Egizio in Turin, Italy in order to estimate their approximate ages (at the time of death). The amounts of body telomere were 500 ng, 550 ng, and 750 ng. For the prehistoric Iceman (about 3350 B.C. to 3310 B.C) discovered in 1991 in the Italian Otzal Alps at about 3,200 meters altitude, estimated body telomere was about 400 ng and telomere in brain and heart was 1600 ng, similar to that of a contemporary human being. Although these studies are preliminary, the findings may have potential applications not only in anti-aging, cancer treatments, and pathophysiology of brain and heart, but also for the estimation of the difference in the ages of cadavers studied in archeology and forensic medicine.

Acupressure↗
PubMed1998

[Impact of recent oncogenetic progress on the management of high risk breast cancer patients: the example of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes].

Evidence is mounting that hereditary breast cancers and sporadic cases harbor distinct clinical and morphological patterns that are thought to be linked to different natural histories. BRCA1-associated breast cancers appear as high grade, poorly differentiated, highly proliferating, and frequently estrogen receptor negative tumors. Surprisingly, despite these features usually associated with a poor outlook, no decrease in the overall survival is observed in hereditary cases. These elements may be of valuable help in the design of strategies in the medical management of cancer prone individuals.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Parallel Protein Information Analysis (PAPIA) System Running on a 64-Node PC Cluster.

Protein information analysis is widely regarded as a key technology in drug design, macromolecular engineering, and understanding genome sequences. Because vast amount of calculations are required, further speed-up for protein information analysis is very much in demand. We have implemented the PAPIA (PArallel Protein Information Analysis) system on the RWC PC cluster IIa (PAPIA cluster) which consists of 64 Pentium Pro 200MHz microprocessors. The PAPIA system performs fast parallel processing for typical calculations in protein analysis, such as structure similarity search, sequence homology search and multiple sequence alignment, nearly 60 times faster than a single processor. We have started a WWW service (http://www.rwcp.or.jp/papia/), allowing any biologist to easily submit jobs to the PAPIA system through a WWW browser. The user can experience the power of current parallel processing technology.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

[The relationship between maintenance dose of vecuronium and the recovery time from the muscle relaxation].

We investigated the relationship between maintenance bolus dose of vecuronium bromide (Vb) and the recovery time measured by TOF Guard in patients anesthetized with isoflurane (1.2-2.0%)-N2O-O2 (GOI group, n = 19) and epidural anesthesia (2% mepivacaine) plus isoflurane (0.5%)-N2O-O2 (EPI group, n = 14). In both groups, anesthesia was induced with propofol 2 mg.kg-1 and Vb 0.1 mg.kg-1 and ventilation was controlled to keep end tidal CO2 between 35-40 mmHg. When the muscle relaxation recovered to 25% of train-of four ratio (TOFR), doses of Vb 0.06, 0.04 or 0.02 mg.kg-1 were administered. Recovery time to TOFR 25% at each Vb dose (T 0.06, T 0.04 and T 0.02 respectively) was observed. T 0.02, T 0.04 and T 0.06 in GOI group were 36.7 +/- 3.2, 50.7 +/- 4.3 and 60.7 +/- 5.02 min (mean +/- SE), respectively and those in EPI group were 42.6 +/- 2.53, 52.2 +/- 2.51 and 59.9 +/- 3.22 min, respectively. There were no significant differences in the recovery time between these two groups. In both groups, although the recovery time to TOFR 25% was prolonged significantly in proportion to the increasing doses of Vb, the increase did not correlate with the dose of Vb. We suggest that frequent administration of Vb 0.02 mg.kg-1 decreases the total amount of Vb to keep TOFR within 25%.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Fluorine-18-FDG PET imaging is negative in bronchioloalveolar lung carcinoma.

UNLABELLED: The goals of our study were to establish PET accuracy with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in finding localized formations of bronchioloalveolar lung carcinoma (BAC) and to investigate the correlation between FDG uptake and the degree of cell differentiation in adenocarcinoma of the lung. MATERIALS: Twenty-nine patients with 30 adenocarcinomas of the lung (7 bronchioloalveolar lung carcinomas, 9 well differentiated, 2 well-moderately differentiated, 11 moderately differentiated and 1 poorly differentiated) were studied. All patients underwent thoracotomies within 4 wk after the FDG PET study. For qualitative analysis, the degree of FDG activity in the tumors was visually scored using a five-point grading system: 0 = same to background activity, 1 = less than mediastinal blood-pool activity, 2 = same to mediastinal blood-pool activity, 3 = slightly greater than mediastinal blood-pool activity and 4 = substantially greater than mediastinal blood-pool activity. Foci of activity with Grades 2-4 were considered tumors. For semiquantitative analysis, standardized uptake values (SUV) were calculated. RESULTS: In 7 BACs, 4 lesions (57%) showed negative results on FDG PET, while in 23 non-BACs, only 1 lesion (4%), which was a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma showed a negative result. BACs' mean visual score (1.43 +/- 1.27) was significantly lower than that of non-BACs (3.17 +/- 1.03) (p = 0.001). The BACs' mean SUV (1.36 +/- 0.821) was significantly lower than that of well-differentiated adenocarcinomas (2.92 +/- 1.28) (p = 0.014); the mean SUV of well-differentiated adenocarcinomas was significantly lower than that of moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas (4.63 +/- 1.86) (p = 0.031). No significant differences were apparent in average size among these three histologic types. CONCLUSION: A correlation was observed between FDG uptake and the degree of cell differentiation in adenocarcinoma of the lung. FDG PET may show negative results for BAC.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

[Usefulness of ECG-gated 99mTc-MIBI myocardial SPECT in the follow-up study of patients with acute myocardial infarction].

To clarify the background of the scintigraphic improvement in non-gated myocardial perfusion imaging for patients with acute myocardial infarction, we performed serial ECG-gated 99mTc-MIBI myocardial SPECT in 17 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) receiving successful reperfusion therapy. ECG-gated myocardial SPECT and left ventriculography were performed at 1 week (acute phase) and 1 month (subacute phase) after the onset of AMI. Regional %uptake (regional count x 100/maximal count) was determined for each of 8 myocardial segments of the Bull's eye map. We analyzed the data in 53 AMI segments out of total 136 myocardial segments, on the non-gated (NG), end-diastolic (ED), and end-systolic (ES) images. In addition, the delta %uptake (%uptake in subacute phase--%uptake in acute phase) was also determined as an index representing the improvement of myocardial tracer uptake on each image. In 17 segments (group A) with wall motion recovery assessed by serial left ventriculography, the %uptake on the NG image was significantly improved (61.6 +/- 10.0 to 75.7 +/- 10.1, p < 0.0001). However, in 36 segments (group B) without wall motion recovery, the change of %uptake on the NG image was small. There was no significant change in the %uptake on the ED image in groups A and B. On the contrary, the %uptake on the ES image showed a significant increase in group A (58.4 +/- 11.8 to 68.9 +/- 11.8, p < 0.001), but did not in group B. Thus, this change on the ES image reflects the wall motion recovery. Furthermore, in group A, there was a significant correlation between the delta %uptake on the NG image and those on the ES image (p < 0.02), but was not between those on the NG and the ED images. Thus, the change in the %uptake on the NG image was more related to those on the ES image which is more affected by the change in regional wall motion than those on the ED image which reflects improved myocardial perfusion. These results suggest that ECG-gated myocardial 99mTc-MIBI SPECT is more useful to assess the serial change in myocardial perfusion and contraction than the conventional non-gated SPECT in the follow-up study of patients with AMI.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Effect of additional general anesthesia with propofol, midazolam or sevoflurane on stress hormone levels in hysterectomy patients, receiving epidural anesthesia.

Hormonal responses after surgery are characterized by increased pituitary-adrenal axis hormones. We undertook this study to determine whether the choice of anesthesia influences stress hormone levels. Twenty-three adult females scheduled for hysterectomy for benign disease under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to one of three groups: epidural/propofol anesthesia (Group P), epidural/midazolam anesthesia (Group M), and epidural/sevoflurane anesthesia (Group S). The concentrations of ACTH and cortisol in group P and group M were significantly less than that of group S at 60 min after the incision. The concentrations of beta-endorphin and aldosterone in group P and group M were significantly less than that of group S at 60 min after the incision and after extubation. We conclude that combined epidural and general anesthesia with propofol or midazolam has a greater suppressive effect than sevoflurane on the stress response of the pituitary-adrenal axis during hysterectomy.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1998

Prognostic value and clinicopathological profile of microsatellite instability in gastric cancer.

In this study, microsatellite instability (MI) was investigated in 126 gastric carcinomas and correlated with clinicopathological features and prognosis; at least 5-10 microsatellite loci were analyzed. MI was identified in 56 (44.5%) of all investigated carcinomas, one locus being affected in 40 (31.7%) carcinomas, two loci being affected in 6 (4.8%) carcinomas, and more than two loci being affected in 10 (8.0%) carcinomas. MI was correlated with neither age and sex of the patients nor with depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, tumor differentiation, or histological type according to WHO and Laurén classification. The frequency of MI was the same in early gastric carcinomas as it was in advanced gastric carcinomas, suggesting that MI arises early during the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer. No significant differences in survival could be demonstrated between patients with MI-negative and MI-positive gastric carcinomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Anesthetic management of a child with Lenz dysplasia associated with panhypopituitarism].

We present a child with Lenz dysplasia associated with panhypopituitarism. Lenz dysplasia is characterized by small eyeball, small head, hydronephrosis, cleft lip and palate, and mental retardation. A 12 month-old boy with Lenz dysplasia was scheduled for plasty of the lip and basis of the nasal cavity under general anesthesia. We had to pay attention for airway management and hormone supplementation. Anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane and nitrous oxide in oxygen. Tracheal intubation was facilitated with vecuronium bromide. We had no difficulty in airway management. Since this patient could not release enough endogenous cortisol in response to the stress of surgery, we supplemented hydrocortisone after anesthesia induction. Urine output and serum electrolyte concentrations were carefully monitored during surgery because of the impaired ADH response. We encountered no complications in the anesthetic management of this patient.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1998

[A new reconstruction procedure as antireflux surgery after proximal gastrectomy. Interposition of the jejunal pouch with valvuloplasty].

In order to reduce the incidence of reflux esophagitis following proximal gastrectomy, we have developed a new reconstruction procedure with an interposed jejunal pouch with antireflux valvuloplasty between the esophagus and the gastric remnant. After a standard proximal gastrectomy and lymph node dissection, the jejunum is divided at a point 25 cm from the Treitz ligament. The distal jejunum is pulled up through the transverse mesocolon with a mesenterium and anastomosed to the esophagus with a PCEEA stapling device. The pulled through jejunum is doubled up at a point 30 cm from the esophagojejunostomy, and the 5 cm tip of the jejunum is resected. A 5.5 cm autosuture GIA is inserted into the jejunum from both cut ends of the jejunum for side-to-side anastomosis on the antimesenteric side to make a 5 cm long jejunal pouch, and the jejunum is further divided 5 cm distal from the jejunal pouch. As a result, the interposed jejunal segment is omponed of a single-lumen 15 cm jejunum, a parallel lumen 5 cm jejunum, and a double-lumen jejunum. In the double-lumen jejunum, the jejunal pouch plays the role of a pressure absorber in the residual stomach, and the septum of the parallel lumen jejunum that of an anti-reflux valve. Peristalsis of the single lumen 15 cm jejunum prevents reflux to the esophagus. Postoperative examinations showed that this reconstruction method has satisfactory to excellent results.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Neuron-specific enolase-producing epithelioid leiomyosarcoma with gross vascular invasion and intracardiac involvement.

We present an unusual case of epithelioid leiomyosarcoma in the right shoulder. A 10-cm tumor eroding the right scapula occurred in a 59-year-old man and grew into the subclavian vein with extension to the right atrium. An elevated serum level of neuron-specific enolase was also detected. Clinical presentation suggested small cell carcinoma of the lung (Pancoast tumor) with intravenous extension. Eventually, the patient died of respiratory insufficiency. Autopsy revealed a primary tumor in the right shoulder, numerous tumor emboli in the pulmonary arteries, and associated hemorrhagic infarction. Histopathologic features revealed an epithelioid leiomyosarcoma. Furthermore, immunohistochemical and immunoblotting analyses of the tumor demonstrated positive reactions for neuron-specific enolase. We interpreted this peculiar case to be a neuron-specific enolase-producing epithelioid leiomyosarcoma of the soft tissue associated with gross vascular invasion.

Angiography↗