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Biomedical subjects

T Nogawa

Publications and source records attributed to T Nogawa.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Isolation and structure of five new cancer cell growth inhibitory bufadienolides from the Chinese traditional drug Ch'an Su.

Five new bufadienolides, 3beta-formyloxyresibufogenin (1), 19-oxobufalin (2), 19-oxodesacetylcinobufagin (3), 6alpha-hydroxycinobufagin (4), and 1beta-hydroxybufalin (5), have been isolated together with the previously known bufadienolides 6-20 from the Chinese traditional drug "Ch'an Su". The structures were elucidated employing spectroscopic methods. Bufadienolides 1-5 provided significant inhibitory activity against the KB and HL-60 cancer cell lines. In addition, bufadienolide 1 was found active against the MH-60 cancer cell line.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Weekly paclitaxel and cisplatin in recurrent ovarian cancer].

This study was performed to assess the feasibility of weekly paclitaxel (TXL) and cisplatin (CDDP) in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. Ten of eleven patients experienced recurrence after more than 6 months after first line CDDP-based chemotherapy. TXL and CDDP were given at initial doses of 60 mg/m2 and 30 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15 in 2 patients and an increase in the respective dose level was planned to 60/35 in 5 patients, 70/35 in 2 patients, and 70/40 in 2 patients. Toxicities were well tolerated. None of the patients suffered from neurotoxicity or myalgia of more than grade 2. Gastrointestinal disorder was recognized as grade 1-2, and grade 3-4 hematological toxicity included leucocytopenia (64%), anemia (36%), and thrombocytopenia (9%). We set the recommended dose of TXL at 70 mg/m2 and that of CDDP at 35 mg/m2, considering toxicity and performed planned schedule. Of eleven patients, nine were assessable by computed tomographic scan. The overall response rate was 67% (CR: 1, PR: 5, NC: 1, PD: 2). One of two patients with standard TXL/CDDP therapy showed PR by switching to a weekly schedule. The median follow-up duration was 490 days and the median response duration was 371 days. From the results presented here, it is suggested that this regimen with increased DI might be quite effective and well tolerated in patients who experience relapse after CDDP-based chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Efficient cleavage of RNA at high temperatures by a thermostable DNA-linked ribonuclease H.

To construct a DNA-linked RNase H, which cleaves RNA site-specifically at high temperatures, the 15-mer DNA, which is complementary to the polypurine-tract sequence of human immunodeficiency virus-1 RNA (PPT-RNA), was cross-linked to the unique thiol group of Cys135 in the Thermus thermophilus RNase HI variant. The resultant DNA-linked enzyme (d15-C135/TRNH), as well as the d15-C135/ERNH, in which the RNase H portion of the d15-C135/TRNH is replaced by the Escherichia coli RNase HI variant, cleaved the 15-mer PPT-RNA site-specifically. The mixture of the unmodified enzyme and the unlinked 15-mer DNA also cleaved the PPT-RNA but in a less strict manner. In addition, this mixture cleaved the PPT-RNA much less effectively than the DNA-linked enzyme. These results indicate that the cross-linking limits but accelerates the interaction between the enzyme and the DNA/RNA substrate. The d15-C135/TRNH cleaved the PPT-RNA more effectively than the d15-C135/ERNH at temperatures higher than 50 degrees C. The d15-C135/TRNH showed the highest activity at 65 degrees C, at which the d15-C135/ERNH showed little activity. Such a thermostable DNA-linked RNase H may be useful to cleave RNA molecules with highly ordered structures in a sequence-specific manner.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed2000

Preoperative UFT administration for patients with advanced colorectal cancer--increased uptake of 5-fluorouracil by tumor tissue is a prognostic factor.

The aim of this study was to clarify whether increased 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) uptake by tumor tissue following preoperative UFT administration is a prognostic factor after surgery in colorectal cancer patients. We examined the concentrations of 5-FU in tumor or normal tissue of 96 colorectal cancer patients who received UFT (400 mg/day) orally for 7 days prior to surgery. Patients were divided into two groups with high or low 5-FU concentrations in tumor tissue (defined as higher or lower than the cut-off value, respectively). The cut-off value of 5-FU was established based on the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval of the median of the concentration found in normal tissue (0.106 microg/g). Of the 96 patients, 62 (64.6%) were in the low-5-FU group and 34 (35.4%) in the high-5-FU group. The latter had a more favorable clinical outcome (p=0.0465). Cox regression analysis revealed that two independent variables, stage and 5-FU status in tumor tissue, were significant for prediction of survival. These findings suggest that increased uptake of 5-FU by tumor tissue following preoperative oral administration of UFT is an independent prognostic factor in colorectal cancer patients. This variable needs to be considered in the design of future therapeutic trials.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1998

[CDDP-resistant early recurrent uterine cervical cancer successfully treated with low-dose oral etoposide: a case report].

A 36-year-old woman with early recurrence of uterine cervical cancer had received radiotherapy and a CDDP-containing chemotherapy regimen. She was treated with oral etoposide by administration of 50 mg/day for 21 consecutive days at 14-day intervals. After two courses, complete remission was demonstrated by disappearance of the cervical tumor mass and pelvic lymph node enlargement on MRI. Leukopenia (grade 3) occurred after five courses, as well as alopecia (grade 2) and gastrointestinal discomfort (grade 1) after two courses. The patient has shown no sign of recurrence for 1.5 years. This method might be quite effective for patients with recurrent cervical cancer as well as allowing outpatient treatment and improving the quality of life.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1998

[A case of left main bronchus obstruction due to recurrent esophageal cancer successfully treated by Nd-YAG laser followed by radiotherapy, low-dose CDDP and continuous infusion of 5-FU].

A 63-year-old female patient with obstruction of left main bronchus due to recurrent esophageal cancer was treated by emergency Nd-YAG laser therapy under bronchoscopy. Severe dyspnea subsided dramatically and she was the given radiotherapy with a total dose of 50 Gy (2 Gy/f and 25 f/5 wks). Concurrent chemotherapy was performed at the 3rd week of radiation therapy. In this chemotherapy of CDDP plus 5-FU, CDDP (10 mg/day) was given for 5 days by intravenous and 5-FU (500 mg/day) for 5 days by continuous infusion the same week. By this treatment, a partial response (PR) was obtained, and the patient returned to normal life. But after 4 months, she had a recurrent lesion at the same place, and underwent only palliative laser therapy. Nd-YAG laser therapy for obstructive lesion of trachea due to recurrent cancer is the most useful one, but some subsequent treatment is required.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1995

[Study on peripheral blood stem cells mobilized by different chemotherapies with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in ovarian cancer].

A new therapeutic strategy for advanced ovarian cancer is to administer ultra-high doses of anticancerous drugs, followed by peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) to recover normal marrow functions. There are, however, no clear regimens to induce mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs). We therefore used three different chemotherapies and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to produce a rebound increase in PBSCs during myelosuppression by apheresis. Eleven patients with advanced ovarian cancer (FIGO Stage; IIc-1, IIIc-5, IV-4, Recurrence-1) received chemotherapy with CEP (cyclophosphamide: 500-750mg/m2, epirubicin: 50-70mg/m2, cisplatin: 70mg/m2), CEE (cyclophosphamide: 2,000mg/m2, epirubicin: 50mg/m2, etoposide: 300mg/m2, and PEC salvage (cisplatin: 75mg/m2, etoposide: 300mg/m2, cyclophosphamide: 1,000mg/m2) followed by lenograstim (G-CSF; 2 micrograms/kg subcutaneous injection daily for 14-18 days) to mobilize PBSCs. A range of 0-38.2 x 10(4) (mean +/- S.D.; 11.1 +/- 5.0 x 10(4) colony forming unit granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM)/kg in the CEP regimen (n = 15), 1.6-40.8 x 10(4) (mean +/- S.D.; 12.3 +/- 3.6 x 10(4) CFU-GM/kg in the CEE regimen (n = 11), and 8.6-11.4 x 10(4) (mean +/- S.D.; 10.0 +/- 2.0 x 10(4) CFU-GM/kg in the PEC salvage regimen (n = 2) were recruited by a single apheresis. Although the CEE regimen to mobilize PBSCs was much more efficient than the CEP regimen, a large number of PBSCs showing 38.2 x 10(4) CFU-GM/kg were mobilized by the CEP regimen with a dose-escalation of cyclophosphamide 750mg/m2 and epirubicin 70mg/m2. The number of CFU-GM/kg correlated well with that of CD34+ (r = 0.693).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1994

Tuberculous hypertrophic pachymeningitis involving the posterior fossa and high cervical region--case report.

A 44-year-old female presented with a rare tuberculous hypertrophic pachymeningitis involving the posterior fossa and high cervical region manifesting as progressive multiple cranial nerve pareses and myelopathy developing over 6 months. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the thickened dura mater and associated syrinx. Despite decompressive craniectomy and antituberculous treatment, she died of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Hypertrophic pachymeningitis is probably best treated by the most extensive excision of affected dura mater possible, unless medical treatment can be instituted for an identifiable underlying causative disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Multiple cerebral arteriovenous malformations--case report.

Multiple cerebral arteriovenous malformations occurred in a 48-year-old male complaining of headache, after orthopedic treatment for a leg fracture. He was free from neurological deficits and signs of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Postcontrast computed tomography showed two abnormally enhanced lesions in the right occipital and left parietal regions. Magnetic resonance imaging showed these lesions as tiny vascular flow void signs, with neither new nor old hemorrhages. Angiography showed these lesions to be arteriovenous malformations. He declined treatment, and was followed as an outpatient.

Brain↗
PubMed1991

Changes in the latency of the maximum positive peak of visual evoked potential during anesthesia.

The relationship between the latency of visual evoked potential (VEP) and the anesthetic concentration was investigated in surgical patients in order to examine the applicability of VEP in monitoring of the depth of anesthesia. The VEP was recorded with a standard EEG electrode from the midline parietal region in reference to both earlobes linked to the ground. An array of light-emitting-diodes mounted in opaque goggles was used to stimulate both eyes simultaneously and photic stimuli were delivered at random inter-pulse intervals with uniform distribution ranging from 2 to 5 seconds. Fifty trials of data were averaged to estimate that Pmax latency, i.e., the latent period from the photic stimulus to the maximum positive peak arising after 170 msec. Increases in the Pmax latency following the administration of anesthetics and restorations to preanesthetic values after recovery from anesthesia were found. A significant correlation was demonstrated between the Pmax latency and the inspiratory concentration of enflurane. The latency of the Pmax showed a drastic and a sensitive prolongation from about 200 msec in the awake state up to about 600 msec at the stage where the EEG exhibits large-voltage slow waves. Thus the measurement of the Pmax latency of VEPs was found to be useful for monitoring the depth of anesthesia.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1991

[The usefulness of UFT administration in colorectal cancer with emphasis on postoperative administration (Part 3)].

To investigate the usefulness of the postoperative administration of UFT for colorectal cancer, 109 patients with a history of colorectal cancers from Nagasaki University First Department of Surgery and seven affiliated facilities were selected as subjects. After administering UFT 400 mg/day to both A and B groups one week prior to surgery, MMC 20 mg during surgery and 10 mg on the first day after surgery, the groups were divided into an A group, not administered UFT, and B group, administered UFT 400 mg/day. In addition, both groups were administered MMC 6 mg/m2 six times a month starting the first month after surgery. Although the A group consisted of 54 patients and the B group 55, 52 patients of the A group and 46 patient of the B group, for a total of 98, qualified as subjects for this investigation, and the following results were obtained. 1) Postoperative administration of UFT was useful in prolonging the survival period in non-curable resection cases, in Dukes C group cases, and in cases that exhibited a nuclear DNA aneuploid pattern. It was especially useful in improving the postoperative survival rate from the second year on. 2) When recurrent cases were examined, it was found to be effective in preventing remote metastasis in those cases administered UFT postoperatively. 3) There were no serious adverse effects and the majority of those that did occur were anorexia and diarrhea.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1988

A quantitative analysis of mitochondria during fetal mouse oogenesis.

A quantitative analysis of mitochondrial populations during the meiotic prophase of mouse oogenesis was carried out. The mean absolute area occupied by mitochondria and the mean number of mitochondria per cell increases in a linear fashion from pachytene through dictyate. The mean area occupied by mitochondria increases at pachytene and thereafter. Both small and large aggregations of mitochondria are seen, particularly during the later stages of prophase. Vacuolated mitochondria are present from preleptotene through pachytene. Mitochondria show major dynamic changes throughout fetal mouse oogenesis, which may suggest significant functional activities yet to be elucidated.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Clinical observations in the acute phase of cerebellar hemorrhage and infarction.

Three cases of cerebellar hemorrhage and 5 of cerebellar infarction, diagnosed by brain CT, were examined from the early phase of the onset. All of our cases were mild to moderate in severity and were cured satisfactorily within 3 to 8 weeks of medical treatment. Dizziness and nausea were the commonest symptoms and cerebellar and other CNS signs could be detected only for a short period in some of the cases. Although neuro-otological examinations, especially gaze nystagmus, eye tracking and positional nystagmus tests, were useful for diagnosing the central vestibular lesion, no definite indication could be drawn in order to differentiate between cerebellar hemorrhage and infarction. Therefore, it is considered difficult in such mild cerebellar strokes to establish correct diagnosis by physical examinations alone. It was concluded that if central vestibular disorder is suspected, prompt brain CT examination is necessary in order to diagnose mild cases of cerebellar vascular diseases.

Cerebellar Diseases↗
PubMed1988

[Synchronous double cancers in the ovary and kidney--a case report].

UNLABELLED: A first case of synchronous double cancers in the ovary and kidney is presented. The patient is a 37-year-old woman complaining of an abdominal mass. Histopathological findings showed a mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the right ovary and a renal cell carcinoma, common type, clear cell subtype of the right kidney. A metastatic renal cell carcinoma was found on the pelvic peritoneum and characteristic renal cancer cells were identified in the ascitic fluid. ( EVALUATIONS: ovarian cancer, stage Ia; renal cancer, stage IV) The patient received postoperative chemotherapy and, after recovery, was discharged in a healthy condition. Her 11-month postoperative evaluation revealed no evidence of disease.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗