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Biomedical subjects

T Noda

Publications and source records attributed to T Noda.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Distribution and morphology of tegmental neurons receiving nigral inhibitory inputs in the cat: an intracellular HRP study.

Intracellular recordings and morphological identification of neurons by means of intracellular HRP staining were performed in the midbrain-pontine tegmentum of the cat. Electrical stimulation of the substantia nigra, pars reticulata, induced short-latency inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in tegmental neurons, as previously reported. These tegmental neurons were distributed not only in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTN) (26 cells), but also in the cuneiform nucleus (CNF) (13 cells), the central gray substance (CG) (four cells), the parabrachial nucleus (three cells), and the tegmentum between the inferior colliculus and the CG (two cells). The morphological characteristics of the HRP-stained tegmental neurons were analyzed by camera lucida drawings of 16 well-stained cells, i.e., ten PPTN neurons, three CNF neurons, two neurons in the tegmentum between the IC/CG, and one CG neuron. All of these neurons seem to be classified as "isodendritic" neurons. Regardless of the soma size (15-120 micron in diameter), most of the tegmental neurons showed wide dendritic fields of 1-2 mm, mediolaterally, and 0.5-1 mm, dorsoventrally. These results indicate that the nigrotegmental projections exert an inhibitory influence on the neurons located in a wide variety of nuclei of the midbrain-pontine dorsal tegmentum.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Earlobe crease and coronary heart disease in Japanese.

To evaluate whether a significant statistical correlation exists between earlobe crease (EC) and coronary heart disease (CHD), 1000 Japanese adult patients (573 males, 427 females) were examined for the presence or absence of EC, clinical or angiographic evidence of CHD, and the following coronary risk factors: male sex, age over 50 years, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, and hyperlipidemia. Patients were divided into two groups according to clinical evidence of CHD: 237 patients with angina pectoris and/or myocardial infarction (CHD+ group); 720 patients without evidence of CHD (CHD- group). Coronary angiography was performed on 200 patients from this sample population; these patients were also divided into two groups: 119 patients with greater than 50% luminal narrowing of at least one major coronary artery (stenosis+ group); 81 patients with no significant atherosclerotic changes in the coronary arteries (stenosis- group). EC was present in 58 of 237 CHD+ patients (24.5%) but in only 35 of 720 CHD- patients (4.8%; P less than 0.001); it was present in 31 of 199 stenosis+ patients (26.1%) but in only 3 of 81 stenosis- patients (3.7%; P less than 0.01). EC was also found to correlate significantly with some coronary risk factors; the correlations between the presence of EC and the presence of CHD and coronary risk factors were investigated by multivariate analysis. In a multivariate setting, the existence of CHD and an age of over 50 years was significantly related to the presence of EC. To investigate the relationship between EC and advancing age, all patients were separated into age-groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Collective review of small carcinomas of the pancreas.

To determine problems involved in the treatment and diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, a collective study of small carcinoma of the pancreas (2 cm or less in diameter) was performed. One hundred six cases were collected and analyzed. The results were as follows: In small carcinoma of the pancreas, the resectability rate was 99.0% and the operative mortality rate was 4%. Only 44% of the patients belonged to Stage I, and 14% belonged to Stage III or IV. Lymph node involvement, capsular invasion, retroperitoneal invasion, and vascular invasion were found in 30, 20, 12, and 9% of the patients, respectively. The postoperative cumulative 5-year survival rate was 30.3%, and that of Stage I was 37.0%. A small-sized tumor of the pancreas is not always an early carcinoma, but a tumor in Stage I may be regarded as an early carcinoma. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography were the main diagnostic indicators in cases with and without jaundice, respectively. There was no specific single serum test for detecting small pancreatic cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Isolation and characterization of NIH 3T3 cells expressing polyomavirus small T antigen.

The polyomavirus small T-antigen gene, together with the polyomavirus promoter, was inserted into a retrovirus vector pGV16 which contains the Moloney sarcoma virus long terminal repeat and neomycin resistance gene driven by the simian virus 40 promoter. This expression vector, pGVST, was packaged into retrovirus particles by transfection of psi 2 cells which harbor packaging-defective murine retrovirus genome. NIH 3T3 cells were infected by this replication-defective retrovirus containing pGVST. Of the 15 G418-resistant cell clones, 8 express small T antigen at various levels as revealed by immunoprecipitation. A cellular protein with an apparent molecular weight of about 32,000 coprecipitates with small T antigen. Immunofluorescent staining shows that small T antigen is mainly present in the nuclei. Morphologically, cells expressing small T antigen are indistinguishable from parental NIH 3T3 cells and have a microfilament pattern similar to that in parental NIH 3T3 cells. Cells expressing small T antigen form a flat monolayer but continue to grow beyond the saturation density observed for parental NIH 3T3 cells and eventually come off the culture plate as a result of overconfluency. There is some correlation between the level of expression of small T antigen and the growth rate of the cells. Small T-antigen-expressing cells form small colonies in soft agar. However, the proportion of cells which form these small colonies is rather small. A clone of these cells tested did not form tumors in nude mice within 3 months after inoculation of 10(6) cells per animal. Thus, present studies establish that the small T antigen of polyomavirus is a second nucleus-localized transforming gene product of the virus (the first one being large T antigen) and by itself has a function which is to stimulate the growth of NIH 3T3 cells beyond their saturation density in monolayer culture.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Efficacy and specificity of human parathyroid hormone analogues as antagonists in intact clonal osteogenic sarcoma cells.

Five synthetic analogues of human parathyroid hormone (hPTH), (Tyr34)hPTH(3-34) amide, (5-34) amide, (7-34) amide, (8-34) amide and (9-34) amide, were tested for their ability to antagonize hPTH action specifically in intact cultured cells. Clonal rat osteogenic sarcoma cells were used (UMR 106-06 line) which respond to PTH with an increase in cyclic AMP (cAMP) formation. The most potent antagonists were (Tyr34)hPTH(3-34) amide and (5-34) amide, which inhibited the effect of hPTH(2.4 nmol/l) with half maximally effective concentrations of 0.1 mumol/l. When conditioned medium was used from a human lung cancer cell line producing osteoblast adenylate cyclase-stimulating activity, these two analogues were capable of inhibiting the increase in cAMP production. The specificity of the antagonism was indicated by the inability of the analogues to influence the effects of prostaglandin E2 or of calcitonin, which are alternative stimulators of cAMP production in the osteogenic sarcoma cells. Only (Tyr34)hPTH(3-34) amide showed some PTH-like agonist activity at high concentrations. These analogues should prove valuable in the investigation of PTH actions on target cells and of tumour products which appear to act through the PTH receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Messenger RNA coding for argininosuccinate synthetase in citrullinemia.

Messenger RNA coding for argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS), extracted from the livers of some patients with citrullinemia, was analyzed using a cell-free translation system and dot and Northern blot hybridization with cDNA probe for ASS. In patients with quantitative-type citrullinemia, called type II here, previous studies have demonstrated that the hepatic content of the enzyme was about 10% of the control value, whereas the translatable mRNA level for the enzyme was similar to that of control livers. Here, we confirmed that the type II liver contained an almost normal amount of mRNA coding for ASS, judged by the dot-blot hybridization technique with cDNA. Northern blot hybridization of RNA indicated that there was hybridizable mRNA of approximately normal size (about 1.7 kilobase [kb]) in each, suggesting that large structural gene deletions had not occurred. These results indicate that in type II citrullinemia, the decrease in the enzyme protein is due either to increased degradation of the enzyme or to decreased or inhibited translation in the liver. Another type of citrullinemia was found and classified as type III. It is characterized by no detectable enzyme activity for ASS or translation activity for ASS mRNA. However, a smaller amount of RNA molecule hybridized for ASS cDNA was detected.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Immunoreactive carcinoembryonic antigens in gastric juice collected during endoscopy--their usefulness in the diagnosis of gastric cancer].

In the 109 subjects adopted for study, 52 involving gastric cancer and 57 noncancerous gastric disease, immunoreactive CEA (GI-SEA) in the gastric juice collected during endoscopy was measured by enzyme immunoassay using polyclonal (P group) and monoclonal (M group) antibodies against CEA. The results are outlined below. The mean value and the positivity of GI-CEA was the highest in advanced gastric cancer, followed by early gastric cancer and noncancerous gastric disease, in that order, and a particularly significant difference (P less than 0.001) was noted (in both the P and M groups) between the former two and the latter. In the GI-CEA of gastric cancer, high positivity was manifested regardless of the histological type, though the average values show that, in the case of the P group, high positivity manifested itself in undifferentiated adenocarcinoma, while in the case of the M group, it applied to differentiated adenocarcinoma. Moreover, no correlation was found between the size of the lesion and the positivity, though even with small lesions of less than 2 cm, there was an indication of probable high positivity. The values recorded for the P and M groups showed a close correlation between the two, except for the GI-CEA value of the histological type. However, for the M group, the positivity and GI-CEA value both tended to be low. The above results suggest that measurement of GI-CEA is of great help in the diagnosis of gastric cancer and that the use of polyclonal antibodies is appropriate for screening and early diagnosis.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗