Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Nishio

Publications and source records attributed to T Nishio.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Experimental and clinical evaluation of latamoxef during the peripaturient period].

The concentrations of latamoxef (LMOX) in maternal serum, fetal cord serum and amniotic fluid were measured simultaneously at various times after administration to parturient women. The drug concentrations in fetal cord serum taken from 11 minutes to 12 hours and 37 minutes after administration ranged from 1.1 to 16 micrograms/ml. At the points from 3 to 5 hours after administration the maximum level of LMOX seems to be attained there. LMOX in amniotic fluid was increasing gradually to be attained 21.0 micrograms/ml as the peak concentration at 5 hours after administration. Thereafter, it began to decrease very slowly, 6.9 micrograms/ml was still kept in amniotic fluid at 19 hours after. These findings lead expectation that the effective concentration to mainly recognized pathogens from obstetrical and gynecological infections was kept in amniotic fluid through 19 hours or more. LMOX was given to each 4 peripartal and puerperal infections and 11 patients with premature rupture of the membranes for the purpose of prophylaxis. All cases showed effective responses clinically and bacteriologically. Neither noteworthy adverse reactions nor laboratory data abnormalities were caused throughout the studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Erythrocyte changes in aqueous polyethylene glycol solutions containing sodium chloride.

The behavior of rabbit erythrocytes in aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol 300 (I) and polyethylene glycol 400 (II) containing sodium chloride was investigated during 2-120 min incubation at 37 degrees. No hemolysis was found in I (0-10.1%) and II (0-12.9%) solutions in the presence of sodium chloride (0.45-1.35%), but prelytic potassium ion loss and changes in the appearance of the erythrocytes proceeded with the passage of time. The potassium ion loss increased with increasing concentration of polyethylene glycol and/or sodium chloride. The mean cellular volume of erythrocytes decreased temporarily (during the first 2 min) in both I (6.7%) and II (8.6%) solutions containing sodium chloride (0.68-1.35%), and then increased progressively to the same value as that determined by solution of sodium chloride at the same concentration but without polyethylene glycol (approximately 30 and 120 min in I and II solutions, respectively). Both I (10.1%) and II (12.9%) induced a stomatocytic transformation of erythrocytes, but at the higher concentrations (0.9-1.35%) of sodium chloride, II accelerated the progress of spontaneous transformation of erythrocytes, but at the higher concentrations (0.9-1.35%) of sodium chloride, II accelerated the progress of spontaneous transformation to echinocytes. The results indicate that these solutions were not isotonic with rabbit erythrocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effects of pentoxifylline on cell shape, ATP content and deformability in rabbit erythrocytes under hyperosmolar conditions.

1. Pentoxifylline (I) [3,7-dimethyl-1-(5-oxo-hexyl)-xanthine] (0-10(-3) M) inhibited the discocyte echinocyte transformation caused by hyperosmolarity and improved the impaired filtrability of erythrocytes due to hyperosmolarity. 2. The ATP content of erythrocytes was increased at low concentrations (0-3 x 10(-5) M) of I, but decreased at high concentrations (3 x 10(-5) M or above) of I.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1982

Gluconeogenesis in the kidney in vivo in fed rats. Circadian change and substrate specificity.

The gluconeogenesis in the kidney in vivo in fed rats was studied by measuring the rate of synthesis of 14C-labeled blood glucose derived from 14C-labeled substrates injected into functionally hepatectomized rats. Among the substrates for the gluconeogenesis in the kidney examined, the most effective substrates were lactate, glycerol, pyruvate and glutamine, whose contributions to the renal gluconeogenesis were 54.0%, 26.5%, 4.1%, and 5.5% at 2:00 a.m., when the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [EC 4.1.1.32] was highest, and 50.0%, 31.0%, 5.3%, and 3.2% at 2:00 pm., when it was lowest. These findings showed that there was no significant daily change in the total renal gluconeogenesis. Based on these data, we propose as a working hypothesis that a major function of the renal gluconeogenesis, utilizing lactate, glycerol, pyruvate, and glutamine as preferred substrates, is to meet the constant minimum requirement for blood glucose in the brain.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1982

Denitrification, nitrate reduction, and oxygen consumption in coastal and estuarine sediments.

Denitrification and consumption of oxygen and nitrate in sediments from Tama Estuary, Odawa Bay, and Tokyo Bay were measured in an experimental sediment-water system. Filtered seawater containing [N]nitrate flowed continuously over undisturbed sediments, and the concentrations of O(2), nitrate, and nitrite in the influent and effluent and of N(2) in the effluent were monitored. Under steady-state conditions, the rate of nitrate consumption was the same order of magnitude as the rate of oxygen consumption in Tama Estuary sediments, whereas the former rate was one order of magnitude lower than the latter rate in Odawa Bay and Tokyo Bay sediments. Denitrification accounted for 27 to 57% of the nitrate consumption.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1982

Relationship between left ventricular muscle volume and body surface area corrected by subcutaneous fat weight in normal children.

Left ventricular muscle volume (LVMV) was measured echocardiographically in 688 normal children ranging in age from 5 to 15. Lean body surface area (BSA) was obtained from height and lean body weight, which was estimated using triceps skinfold thickness, upper arm circumference and body weight. Regression lines of LVMV against BSA or lean-BSA were compared between boys and girls. There was statistically significant sex difference in regression lines when LVMV were plotted against BSA (p less than 0.005), but this difference disappeared when plotted against lean-BSA. We conclude that the sex difference of LVMV with a similar BSA originates from the difference of lean body weight between boys and girls.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1982

[Fundamental and clinical studies of cefotaxime during the perinatal period in pregnant women].

Fundamental and clinical studies of cefotaxime (CTX) were carried out in pregnant women. The following results were obtained. CTX was more rapidly eliminated from the serum of pregnant women than that of adult males. Urinary excretion of CTX in pregnant women was comparable to that in nonpregnant women and adult males. Passage of CTX to the embryo, fetus and fetal appendages was minimal. Peak amniotic fluid concentration (9.8 mcg/ml) was attained at 3.5 hours after administration of CTX and gradually declined thereafter. This amniotic fluid concentration was sufficiently higher than reported MIC90 of CTX against E. coli strains. CTX was used in the treatment of 6 pregnant patients with acute pyelonephritis and 2 with puerperal infections. The bacteriological and clinical responses were both 100%. Since passage of CX into the amniotic fluid is favorable, CTX can be expected to be effective for the prophylaxis of intrauterine amniotic infection associated with early rupture of the membrane. CTX was used in the treatment of a neonate with purulent meningitis. The clinical response was effective. CTX did not cause any noteworthy adverse reactions or laboratory data abnormalities in our patients or neonates.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Basic and clinical studies on cefotiam in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

It was known that antibacterial spectrum and activity of CTM were superior to those of other cephalosporins. Basic and clinical studies in the field of obstetrics and gynecology on CTM were carried out. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Bacteriologically, the MIC of CTM against E. coli was less than 0.39 mcg/ml with an inoculum size of 10(6) CFU/ml. The 50% of Bacteroides sp. were inhibited by CTM at a concentration of 25 mcg/ml or less. 2. CTM was more stable against beta-lactamase extracted from B. fragilis than CEZ or cefpiramide. 3. After administration by the drip infusion of 1 g or 2 g to 5 cases, distribution of CTM to intrapelvic organs was measured. The results were relatively favourable. The concentration in the tissues was sufficient to inhibit clinical isolates such as E. coli and K. pneumoniae in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. 4. CTM was administered to 6 cases of various infections, and clinical response was excellent in 2 cases and good in 4 cases. No side effect nor adverse reaction of CTM was observed. Consequently CTM was considered to be one of useful antibiotics.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Clinical estimation of left ventricular size: precordial electrocardiographic voltage corrected by the measurement of thorax.

The left ventricular muscle volume (LVMV) was determined echocardiographically and the radius of the circle with equal circumference to the thorax (R1) was calculated from thorax-circumference in 688 children as a part of the Shimane Heart Study. correlation of the summed precordial voltage (SV1 + RV5) with LVMV was not close (r = 0.377 in boys and -0.095 in girls). The precordial voltage (SV1 + RV5) was corrected by the square of R1 to compensate for the diminution of electrical potential by distance. Correlation between (R1) 2 x (SV1 + RV5) and LVMV was good in boys (r = 0.681) and relatively good in girls (r= 0.554). This fact indicates that LVMV can be predicted from ECG and anthropometric measurements of thorax without using echocardiography. Therefore, (R1) 2 x (SV1 + RV5) seems to have clinical applicability as the index of LV size, if the differences in (R1) 2 x (SV1 + RV5) and in the correlation coefficient between both sexes are clarified further.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Bacteriological and clinical studies on cefotaxime in obstetrics and gynecology (author's transl)].

Fundamental and clinical studies of cefotaxime (CTX), a new semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic were carried out in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. The following results were obtained. 1. CTX was almost equally active to SCE-1365 and less active than cefotiam (CTM) and cefazolin (CEZ) against S. aureus, much more active than these 3 antibiotics against E. coli, more active than the 3 antibiotics against Enterobacter, equally active to SCE-1365 and a little weaker than CEZ against anaerobic Gram positive cocci, and superior to SCE-1365 and CEZ against Bacteroides. 2. CTX was more stable to B. fragilis-producing beta-lactamase than CET, CEZ and cefoperazone (CPZ). 3. The concentrations of CTX transferred to the female genital organs after CTX 1 g d. i. were sufficiently effective against facultative or strict anaerobic bacteria mainly isolated from obstetrical and gynecological infections. 4. CTX was administered to 10 patients with genital infections. CTX was excellent in 1 case, good in 8 cases and poor in 1 case. The response rate of CTX was 90%. Bacteria, isolated in 5 cases before CTX treatment, were eradicated in 4 cases. The bacteriological effectiveness of CTX was thus 80%. 5. No side effect attributable to CTX was observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[A fundamental and clinical study of ceftizoxime in the field of obstetrics and gynecology (author's transl)].

A fundamental and clinical study of ceftizoxime (CZX), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, has brought about the following results. 1. The antibacterial activity of CZX against Bacteriodes fragilis and B. thetaiotaomicron was superior to that of CEZ, but inferior to that of CFX. CZX was the most active of the 3 drugs against B. distasonis, and was as active as CFX against B. vulgatus. The MICs of CZX against Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus and anaerobic Streptococcus were 1.56 microgram/ml or lower. CEZ was more active than CZX against these anaerobic cocci. 2. The concentrations of CZX in female genital organs and retroperitoneal dead space exudate after drip infusion of 1 g were high enough to fulfill the MICs of many bacterial isolates. 3. CZX administered intravenously to 9 patients in daily doses of 1 approximately 8 g for 4 approximately 11 days was 100% effective. Pathogenic bacteria in 6 of the patients were eradicated in 4 and partially eradicated in 1. The other patient had no bacteriological examination after therapy. 4. No adverse reaction was observed. From above results it is concluded that CZX must be one of the most effective antibiotics for the treatment of gynecological infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Survival of Salmonella typhi in oysters.

Shell oysters were reared in experimental conditions to elucidate the survival rate of Salmonella typhi in the body of cultured oysters and the fate of S. typhi in the shucked oysters. Sixty to 80 cultured oysters were reared for 4 h at 15 degrees C in 40 l of sea water than contained 1 x 10(4) -- 2 x 10(4) cells/ml of S. typhi (V-form) added, then these contaminated oysters were transferred to a tank that contained 40 l of clean sea water circulated through a ultraviolet disinfectant apparatus with a filtration system, and oysters were reared therein for 7-9 d at 15 degrees C. During the time the oysters were in the clean sea water, 5 oysters were periodically sampled, shucked, and the number of viable cells of S. typhi in the oysters was determined. At the beginning of the rearing in the clean sea water, the number was 4 x 10(5) -- 8 x 10(5) cells/100 g (MPN) in the shucked oysters. The MPN gradually lowered thereafter during the first 4 h in the clean sea water, but 24 h later, the MPN was reduced as much as 4 log. Thereafter, 20-80 cells/100 g (MPN) or 2-12 cells/oyster of S. typhi were enumerated up to the end of the experiment and a complete elimination was not observed. When the contaminated oysters were preserved at 10 degrees C, 5 degrees C or -20 degrees C, as shucked oysters, he number of viable cells of S. typhi did not change beyond the range of 1 log which may be caused by individuality at all temperatures tested during the first 10 days, i.e. the value did not tend to be reduced during this period. When the oysters were stored by -20 degrees C, the viability of S. typhi was apparently unaffected up to 140 days when the experiment was terminated. All these experiments were highly reproducible.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The circadian change of gluconeogenesis in the liver in vivo in fed rats.

The circadian change of gluconeogenesis in the liver in vivo in fed rats was studied. Gluconeogenesis in the liver in vivo was determined by measuring the rate of synthesis of 14C-labeled blood glucose derived from a 14C-labeled substrate, such as lactate, pyruvate or an amino acid injected into nephrectomized rats. Gluconeogenesis in the liver from all substrates examined except glutamine was higher at 8:00 P.M. than at 8:00 A.M. in correspondence with the circadian rhythm of the activity of hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. These data indicate that hepatic gluconeogenesis shows a circadian change in response to changes in nutritional conditions in vivo.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1980

Basic study for computer analysis of the pediatric electrocardiogram: relation of the distance-corrected precordial electrocardiographic voltage with the echocardiographically determined left ventricular muscle volume.

The left ventricular muscle volume (LVMV) and the distance from the anterior chest wall to the middle of the left ventricle (D) were determined echocardiographically in 476 children as a part of the Shimane Heart Study. Correlation of the summed precordial voltage (SV1 + RV5) with LVMV was not good (r = 0.377 in males and -0.095 in females). The precordial voltage (SV1 + RV5), therefore, was corrected by the square of D to compensate the diminution of electrical potential by distance. Correlation between D2 (SV1 + RV5) and LVMV was good in males (r = 0.712) and relatively good in females (r = 0.469). Moreover, the values of D2 (SV1 + RV5) were different between both sexes at the age of 12--16 years. The thickness of subcutaneous fat may be one of the most important factors for these differences in D2 (SV1 + RV5) and correlation coefficient.

Adolescent↗