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Biomedical subjects

T Nishina

Publications and source records attributed to T Nishina.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Hereditary complete deficiency of lactate dehydrogenase H-subunit.

We report the second known case of a patient, a 45-year-old Japanese woman, with hereditary complete deficiency of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; EC 1.1.1.27) H-subunit. Total LDH activity in her serum was abnormally low (35 U/L, normal reference interval 195-360). LDH activity in her erythrocytes was also low, but all the other glycolytic enzyme activities in her erythrocytes were within normal limits. Electrophoresis of her serum, erythrocytes, lymphocytes, thrombocytes, and saliva showed only one band, the LDH M4 isoenzyme. LDH activities in her saliva and lymphocytes exceeded the reference interval. Her erythrocytes contained fructose 1,6-diphosphate 26 mumol/L (normal range 4-13), dihydroxyacetone phosphate 75 mumol/L (normal range 8-22), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate 57 mumol/L (normal range 4-14), and pyruvate 45 mumol/L (normal range 31-63). The family study of three generations showed that this deficiency was inherited in an autosomal recessive mode.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1989

Long-term results of total hip arthroplasty for osteonecrosis of the femoral head. A comparison with osteoarthritis.

For reappraisal of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the treatment of nontraumatic osteonecrosis (ON) of the femoral head, 29 hips in 23 patients with ON were surveyed in a comparison with 63 osteoarthritic (OA) hips treated in the same manner during the same period; the hips were selected according to the same criteria. The 29 ON hips were followed for an average of seven years. Comparing the ON and OA groups, the patient profiles were similar, except for weight and sex. For the ON group, hip scores according to the Merle D'Aubigne system (18 points for a normal hip) were improved from 9.8 preoperatively to 14.3 at the latest survey. However, 14 hips (48%) presented unsatisfactory clinical results, and roentgenologically all showed aseptic component loosening. Such a failure rate was higher than that for the OA group (33%); similarly, femoral component loosening occurred more frequently in the ON (28%) than in the OA group (5%). Based on the analysis of the patient profiles, Stage 3 ON at surgery, bilateral occurrence of the disease and bilateral THA could have caused such a failure in the ON group. In addition, most of the hips with component loosening showed histologic evidence of extensive bone necrosis within the resected femoral head. ON is a high-risk disease in terms of the long-term durability of THA, the failure of which seems to be mainly caused by extensive necrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Virulence of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis isolated from pork and from the throats of swine.

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was isolated from retail pork and from healthy swine throats. These wild-type strains and their representative cured isogenic strains were tested for the presence of plasmids and several virulence factors, and these characteristics were compared with those of virulent strains from humans. Two pork isolates (serotype IVB) and four swine isolates (serotypes IIB, IIC, III, and IVB) harbored a 42- to 48-megadalton plasmid which had similar fragmentation patterns resulting from digestion with restriction endonuclease. These six strains were lethal for mice via oral challenge and were positive in autoagglutination and calcium dependency tests. They also invaded HeLa cells and induced cytotoxicity. Histopathological examination and indirect fluorescent-antibody staining provided definite evidence of the pathogenicity of these strains when tissue sections from orally infected mice were used. The virulence factors of wild-type pork and swine isolates with the 42- to 48-megadalton plasmid were identical to those of two human isolates (serotypes IVB and VB). Hence, these pork and swine isolates should be considered potentially pathogenic for humans. The finding suggests that retail pork and swine may play an important role in the epidemiology of human infections caused by Y. pseudotuberculosis.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1987

Screening for adenine and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiencies in human erythrocytes by high-performance liquid chromatography.

A screening method using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the simultaneous detection of deficiencies of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) activities in human erythrocytes is described. Both enzyme reactions of APRT and HPRT in lysates treated with a charcoal-dextran were simultaneously carried out in the same reaction tube and the enzyme activities were determined by measuring the increases in absorbance at 260 nm of adenosine and inosine converted from adenosine-5'-monophosphate and inosine-5'-monophosphate with alkaline phosphatase. Adenosine and inosine were separated from adenine and hypoxanthine by a reversed-phase column. The method could detect 1% of normal APRT activity and 0.3% of normal HPRT activity. The within-run coefficients of variation for APRT and HPRT activities were 3.2 and 3.4%, respectively.

Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase↗
PubMed1987

Deproteinizing methods evaluated for determination of uric acid in serum by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection.

We evaluated six deproteinizing methods for determination of uric acid in serum by "high-performance" liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection: those involving zinc hydroxide, sodium tungstate, trichloroacetic acid, perchloric acid, acetonitrile, and centrifugal ultrafiltration (with Amicon MPS-1 devices). We used a Toyosoda ODS-120A reversed-phase column. The mobile phase was sodium phosphate buffer (40 mmol/L, pH 2.2) containing 20 mL of methanol per liter. Absorbance of the eluate was monitored at 284 nm. The precipitation method with perchloric acid gave high recoveries of uric acid and good precision, and results agreed with those by the uricase-catalase method of Kageyama (Clin Chim Acta 1971;31:421-6).

Chemical Precipitation↗
PubMed1987

Liquid chromatography with multichannel ultraviolet detection used for studying disorders of purine metabolism.

We used a reversed-phase "high-performance" liquid-chromatographic system equipped with a multichannel ultraviolet spectrometric detector and a micro-computer for analyzing urine samples from patients with disorders of purine metabolism. This system recorded a series of absorption-spectrum data from a single chromatographic run and stored them for subsequent analysis. Because the retention times and ultraviolet absorption spectra of the eluates were recorded simultaneously, identification of peaks was easy and quite accurate for simultaneous quantification of orotidine, adenine, hypoxanthine, uric acid, xanthine, allopurinol (4-hydroxypyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine), oxypurinol (4,6-dihydroxypyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine), inosine, and 2,8-dihydroxyadenine--compounds extremely difficult or even impossible to quantify simultaneously with a conventional single-wavelength spectrometer. We used this method to investigate purine metabolites in urines from a patient with hereditary xanthinuria, three patients with 2,8-dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis, and a gouty subject taking allopurinol.

Adenine↗
PubMed1986

Reversed-phase liquid-chromatographic determination of purine compounds in serum applied to studies of hypouricemia.

With this rapid (20 min), sensitive (0.1 mumol/L), and reproducible reversed-phase "high-performance" liquid-chromatographic (HPLC) method hypoxanthine, xanthine, uric acid, allopurinol (4-hydroxypyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine), and oxypurinol(4,6-dihydroxypyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine) concentrations can be determined simultaneously in de-proteinized serum. We use an Amicon MPS-1 centrifugal ultrafiltration device, then inject the de-proteinized ultrafiltrate into a Toyosoda ODS-120A HPLC column and elute with a mobile phase consisting of potassium phosphate buffer (40 mmol/L, pH 2.2) containing 20 mL of methanol per liter. We used this method to investigate purine metabolism in 10 cases of hypouricemia (uric acid concentration in serum less than 60 mumol/L).

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Biochemical studies on the purine metabolism of four cases with hereditary xanthinuria.

The purine metabolism of four cases with marked hypouricemia (serum uric acid concentration of less than 0.018 mmol/l) from three Japanese families was investigated. Erythrocyte adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4) and purine-nucleoside phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.1) activities of the patients were within the normal ranges. Urinary hypoxanthine and xanthine concentrations were 0.096-0.397 mmol/l and 0.743-1.717 mmol/l, respectively. Xanthine oxidase (EC 1.2.3.2) activities in the jejunal mucosa of the two normal controls were 0.257 and 0.283 units/g protein, while those of three of the patients were extremely low and could not be determined. The findings of these biochemical features may indicate that the four patients have hereditary xanthinuria. In order to study the purine metabolism in the hypouricemic condition of this disorder, a single oral dose of allopurinol (4-hydroxypyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine) was administered in one case. The excretion pattern of allopurinol and oxypurinol (4,6-dihydroxypyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine) in the urine of the patient was similar to that of a normal control male. These data suggest that some residual enzyme activity may be functioning in vivo, although the presence of xanthine oxidase could not be detected.

Adenosine Deaminase↗