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Biomedical subjects

T Nishimura

Publications and source records attributed to T Nishimura.

At least 1,423 records · Page 79Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Laboratory and clinical studies of T-1982 (cefbuperazone in pediatric field].

The authors have carried out the laboratory and clinical studies of T-1982 (cefbuperazone). The results were as follows: The sensitivity was estimated by the plate dilution method on 28 strains of S. aureus 26 strains of E. coli, 27 strains of K. pneumoniae, 25 strains of S. marcescens and 14 strains of Proteus sp. isolated from patients. The distribution of susceptibility of S. aureus was 1.25-25 micrograms/ml and the peak of distribution was 12.5 micrograms/ml. The strains of 84.6% of E. coli were inhibited at concentration of less than 0.39 micrograms/ml. The strains of 77.8% of K. pneumoniae were inhibited at concentration of less than 0.2 microgram/ml. The strains of 96% of S. marcescens was inhibited at concentration of less than 3.13 micrograms/ml. The distribution of susceptibility of Proteus sp. was 0.39-25 micrograms/ml. T-1982 was given to intravenous administration for 5 minutes and drip infusion for 30 minutes a single dose of 20 mg/kg of T-1982 to 2 and 2 children respectively. After intravenous administration of T-1982, the mean serum level was peak 88.4 +/- 8.7 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 52.5 +/- 2.7 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 4.6 +/- 0.15 micrograms/ml at 6 hours respectively. Half-life was 89 minutes. And after drip infusion of T-1982, the mean serum level was 75.5 +/- 3.5 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes and 3.1 +/- 0.6 micrograms/ml at 6.5 hours respectively. Half-life was 82 minutes. The mean urinary excretion rate was 94.7%, 57.4 +/- 11.0% up to 6 hours after intravenous administration and drip infusion respectively. T-1982 was effective in 13 cases out of 13 cases with bacterial infections. No side effects were observed except for 1 case with elevation of serum GOT, 1 case with elevation of serum GPT and 2 cases with eosinophilia.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

[Pharmacological evaluation of an ampicillin suppository (KS-R1) in acute respiratory tract infection in children: a comparison with an oral form of ampicillin].

A comparative well-controlled study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of ampicillin rectal suppository (KS-R1) compared with those of oral form of ampicillin (ABPC) against acute respiratory tract infections in pediatric field. KS-R1 at the dose of 125 mg X 4/day of ABPC in potency, or the oral form at the same dosage, was given to 166 cases of patients with acute respiratory tract infection due to Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae for 7 days, as a rule. The clinical efficacy rates evaluated in 151 cases (KS-R1 group in 77 cases, oral group in 74 cases) on standard criteria of committee members were 88.3% for the KS-R1 group and 86.5% for the oral group, respectively. There was no significant difference between 2 groups. Evaluation by stratification according to the diagnosis showed that the efficacy rates for the KS-R1 group and for the oral group were 87.5% and 85.0% against pharyngitis, 90.5% and 90.0% against tonsillitis and 84.2% and 78.6% against bronchitis, respectively. None of them showed significant difference between 2 groups. The bacteriological effect was evaluated in 55 cases (KS-R1 group in 33 cases, oral group in 22 cases), and disappearance rate was 93.9% for the KS-R1 group and 95.5% for the oral group, showing no significant difference. Side effect including subjective and objective symptoms were strictly evaluated in 163 cases (KS-R1 group in 83 cases, oral group in 80 cases), but the incidence rate which was 22.9% for the KS-R1 group and 23.8% for the oral group showed no significant difference. The above results indicate that against acute respiratory tract infections in pediatric field, KS-R1 possesses clinical efficacy and safety similar to the oral form of ABPC, and that it is a useful suppository.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

[Stereotactic metrizamide cervical myelography].

A new apparatus is made for metrizamide cervical myelography. One part of the apparatus is a frame for immobilizing the head and the other is an assembly for guiding spinal needle insertion by lateral puncture. The head frame is made of concave plastic and three rubber discs for immobilizing the forehead and bilateral temporal region. The second piece of apparatus for guiding spinal needle insertion is movable in three directions: up and down, right and left and forward and backward. The sterilized guide made of acrylic is attached. The spinal needle is inserted along the groove of this sterilized guide. The apparatus makes it possible to locate the insertion point easily for the metrizamide cervical myelography by lateral C1-C2 puncture method in prone position, since the location of the tip of the inserted needle can be determined by the aid of lateral cervical x-ray and 10 mm scale, even if image intensifier of TV display screen is not available.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Experimental and clinical evaluation of cefotetan in pediatrics].

The authors have carried out the laboratory and clinical studies of cefotetan (CTT), and obtained the following results. The antibacterial activities of CTT were measured by the plate dilution method against the clinical isolates of S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. marcescens and Salmonella sp. The susceptibility distribution of S. aureus to CTT was at concentration of 6.25-12.5 micrograms/ml and the peak of that was obtained at 6.25 micrograms/ml with an inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml. And the peaks of susceptibility distribution of E. coli and K. pneumoniae to CTT were obtained at less than 0.1 microgram/ml respectively, and that of S. marcescens was obtained at 6.25-12.5 micrograms/ml with an inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml. The growth of all strains of Salmonella sp. was inhibited at concentration of less than 0.1 microgram/ml. As for pharmacokinetic study, CTT was given by intravenous bolus injection and drip infusion for 30 minutes at a single dose of 20 mg/kg. After intravenous bolus injection of 20 mg/kg of CTT, the mean peak serum level was 175.0 +/- 7.0 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes after injection, and half-life time was 3.53 hours. After 30 minutes drip infusion of 20 mg/kg of CTT, the mean serum concentration was 106.0 +/- 6.0 micrograms/ml at end of infusion, half-life time was 2.41 hours. The mean urinary excretion rates were 49.4% and 64.2% up to 8 hours after drip and bolus injection of 20 mg/kg of CTT, respectively. CTT was given 15 cases with bacterial infection. Daily doses of CTT were from 15.0 to 107.0 mg/kg. Clinical results obtained were excellent and good responses in 12 of 15 cases (80.0%). No side effects were obtained except for 2 cases with elevation of GOT and GPT, and 1 case with eosinophilia.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

[Experimental and clinical evaluation of an ampicillin suppository (KS-R1)].

The basic and clinical studies of ampicillin suppository (KS-R1) in pediatric infections were carried out, and the following results were obtained: For study of absorption and excretion of KS-R1, a single dose of 250 mg of KS-R1 was administered to 3 cases. The mean serum levels were obtained 4.10 +/- 1.55 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, and 1.52 +/- 0.25 micrograms/ml, 0.38 +/- 0.04 micrograms/ml at 1 and 2 hours after rectal administration, respectively. The serum levels were not detectable after 4 hours in all cases. The half lives were 0.39, 0.54 hour and 0.44 hour, respectively. The mean urinary excretion rate to 6 hours was 14.8%. Clinical efficacy was evaluated in 17 cases with tonsillitis (15 cases), bronchitis (1 case) and scarlet fever (1 case). Good responses were obtained in 15 of 17 cases (88.2%). Bacteriological response in the form of eradication was noted in 4 of 5 cases. Side effects were examined with all of the 19 cases, and eosinophilia was observed in 1 case.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

[Experimental and clinical evaluation of cefpiramide in pediatrics].

The authors have carried out the laboratory and clinical studies of cefpiramide (CPM). The results were as follows; The sensitivity was estimated by plate dilution method on 27 strains of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, 26 strains of E. coli, 25 strains of K. pneumoniae and 13 strains of Proteus sp. isolated from patients. The distribution of S. aureus was 0.78 approximately 6.25 micrograms/ml and the peak of distribution was 1.56 micrograms/ml. The distribution of E. coli was 0.78 approximately 50 micrograms/ml and the peak of distribution was 0.78 and 25 micrograms/ml. The growth of 24% of K. pneumoniae was not inhibited at concentration of more than 50 micrograms/ml. The distribution of Proteus sp. was 6.25 approximately 100 micrograms/ml. The growth of 77.8% of P. aeruginosa was inhibited at concentration of less than 3.13 micrograms/ml. CPM was given by intravenous administration for 5 minutes and drip infusion for 30 minutes at a single dose of 20 mg/kg of CPM to each 2 children respectively. After intravenous administration of CPM, the mean peak serum level was 200.5 +/- 37.5 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 44.3 +/- 0.9 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, 19.9 +/- 0.3 micrograms/ml at 12 hours respectively. Half-life time was 4.2 hours. After drip infusion of CPM, the mean peak serum level was 150.5 +/- 14.5 micrograms/ml at end of infusion, 23.6 +/- 3.3 micrograms/ml at 6 hours and 8.2 +/- 2.0 micrograms/ml at 12 hours respectively. Half-life time was 3.8 hours. The mean urinary excretion rate was 23.15%, 28.2% up to 12 hours after intravenous administration and drip infusion respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of latamoxef in newborn and premature infants].

The authors have carried out the pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of latamoxef (LMOX) in mature and premature neonates. The results were as follows. The serum mean peak levels of LMOX after intravenous administration at a single dose of 10 mg/kg (20 mg/kg) were 40.7 +/- 20.8 (76.6 +/- 12.7) micrograms/ml in 1 to 3 day-old-neonates, 39.3 +/- 29.3 (52.5 +/- 6.6) micrograms/ml in 4 to 7 day-old-neonates and 26.0 +/- 2.1 (47.4) micrograms/ml in 8 to 15 day-old neonates at 15 minutes. The serum mean levels at 6 hours after dosage were 12.5 +/- 5.2 (25.6 +/- 9.2) micrograms/ml, 10.3 +/- 5.3 (11.8 +/- 1.6) micrograms/ml and 4.2 +/- 0.9 (7.2) micrograms/ml, respectively. The mean half-life times were 4.25 (6.0) hours in 1 to 3 day-old-neonates, 3.4 (3.3) hours in 4 to 7 day-old-neonates and 2.2 (2.2) hours in 8 to 15 day-old-neonates. The serum levels of LMOX after intravenous drip infusion for 30 minutes at a single dose of 10 mg/kg were 17.6 micrograms/ml at completion of infusion, 6.9 micrograms/ml at 6.5 hours, and the half-life was 3.8 hours in 2 day-old-mature neonates. In 3 day-old-premature neonates, the serum levels were 21.1 micrograms/ml at the completion of infusion, 12.7 micrograms/ml at 6.5 hours, and the half-life was 12.2 hours. After intravenous drip infusion for 30 minutes a single dose of 20 mg/kg of LMOX the serum mean levels were 58.5 +/- 6.4 micrograms/ml at the completion of infusion, 19.3 +/- 1.1 micrograms/ml at 6.5 hours, respectively. The half-life times were 4.0 hours in 2 day-old-neonates and 4.5 hours in 4 day-old-neonates. The urinary excretion rate of LMOX in 3 day-old-neonate was 31.7% up to 6 hours after intravenous administration at a single dose of 10 mg/kg. LMOX were clinically effective in a case of pneumonia, but not effective in a case of septicemia. No side effect was observed except for 1 case with elevation of GOT.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1983

Ureteral stent encrustation.

Palliative ureteral stent placement is effective in relieving obstructive renal impairment, especially that precedent to malignant spreading, and can take the place of surgical intervention. Furthermore, cutaneous antegrade and/or endoscopic retrograde stenting can be indicated for other pyelo-ureteric operations and prevent their complications, but is has its consequences: We experienced three cases in which stenting had to be repeated because of its obstruction. The stent catheter blockage is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Fracture of the penis: report of 10 cases and a review of 231 cases in Japan].

Ten cases of fracture of the penis were experienced between 1961 and 1981 at our Department. In all cases, the penis was swollen and distorted by a subcutaneous hematoma. No hemorrhagic discharge from urethra was seen. The patient's age was between 19 and 57 years. The causes of these fracture were coitus in 3 cases, manipulation in 4 cases (including one masturbation case), inverting in 2 cases, and the last case resulted from the patient's rolling over in bed. Surgical repair was performed on all patients. The causes, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of 231 cases of fracture of the penis reported in the Japanese literature between 1934 and 1982 are reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Effects of codeine and morphine on the primary humoral immunity of the respiratory tract].

To investigate the effects of centrally acting antitussive drugs, codeine and morphine, on the humoral immunity in the respiratory tract, male guinea pigs were immunized either systemically (i.p.) or locally (intratracheally, i.t.) with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The development of plaque-forming cells (PFC) was determined using the spleen (S-PFC) and tracheobronchial lymph node cells (T-PFC). (I) Number of S-PFC after i.p. immunization increased to the maximum on day 5. Peak number of S-PFC and T-PFC after i.t. immunization occurred on day 6. (II) i.p. immunization: The drugs were given i.p. for 5 days before or for 4 days after immunization. Morphine (5 mg/kg) given prior to the immunization decreased spleen cellularity. Pretreatments with codeine (15 mg/kg) and morphine (5 mg/kg) also markedly inhibited the number of S-PFC. These drugs given after the immunization hardly affected the number of S-PFC. (III) i.t. immunization: The drugs were given for 5 days before or after the immunization. Codeine (15 mg/kg) given prior to the immunization inhibited the number of S-PFC. Codeine (3, 15 mg/kg) and morphine (1, 5 mg/kg) given before and after the immunization markedly inhibited the number of T-PFC, dose-dependently. These results indicate that codeine and morphine affect the humoral immunity both locally in the respiratory tract and systemically, which cautions against an easygoing use in respiratory diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effects of 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-isopropylaminoethanol (INPEA) and propranolol and their dextro-isomers on hemodynamic and metabolic responses to isoproterenol in dogs.

The effects of dl-propranolol, D-(-)-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-isopropylaminoethanol (INPEA) and L-(+)-INPEA on the hemodynamic and metabolic responses to isoproterenol were investigated in dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital. Isoproterenol (200 micrograms/kg i.p.) was injected 15 min after an i.v. injection of propranolol or INPEA, or their dextro-isomers. Isoproterenol increased heart rate, myocardial contractile force (determined by a strain gauge arch), blood glucose, blood lactate and plasma free fatty acids, and decreased diastolic blood pressure. dl-Propranolol (1 or 3 mg/kg) or D-(-)-INPEA (5 or 15 mg/kg) inhibited all the responses to isoproterenol. d-Propranolol (1 or 3 mg/kg) did not inhibit the isoproterenol-induced responses of heart rate, myocardial contractile force and plasma free fatty acids, but it inhibited the isoproterenol-induced responses of diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lactate, although the inhibition was small. Similar results were obtained by L-(+)-INPEA; L-(+)-INPEA (5 or 15 mg/kg) did not inhibit the isoproterenol-induced responses of heart rate, myocardial contractile force and plasma free fatty acids, but it inhibited the isoproterenol-induced responses of diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lactate, although the degree of inhibition was small. These results indicate that dextro-isomers of propranolol and INPEA may have a weak beta-2 adrenoceptor antagonistic action.

Animals↗