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T Nishimura

Publications and source records attributed to T Nishimura.

At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Septicemia of children in Japan (1980-1984). Part 3. Antibiotic therapy and prognosis].

Seven hundred and thirteen cases of proved bacteremia experienced at 48 pediatric institutions throughout Japan during 1980-1984 were analyzed with respect to their chemotherapeutic treatment and prognosis. Case fatality rate was the lowest in cases of monotherapy and the highest in those treated with 3 different antibiotics. Those treated with 2 different antibiotics showed significantly higher fatality rate than in cases treated with single antibiotic. Cephalosporins showed a trend to be administered singly more often than penicillins. Of all penicillin prescriptions ampicillin (ABPC) was chosen in 61.1% and in 62.3% of any combination therapies of penicillins. Among combination therapies gentamicin (GM) was most frequently combined with ABPC, i.e., in 58.9%. In 135 cases treated with combination of ABPC and GM or similar combination like ABPC and antipseudomonas aminoglycosides, deaths resulted in 42 cases compared with 108 deaths out of 578 cases treated with other chemotherapy revealing a statistically significant difference (P less than 0.005). The utilization of new cephem antibiotics found in this study clearly paralleled to the trend of the consumption of new injectable cephalosporins in Japan since the appearance of new cephem antibiotics in 1980. The clinical effect of new cephem antibiotics in pediatric bacteremia seems fairly good but will need further observations, particularly when combined with aminoglycosides. A very large difference exists in the choice of chemotherapy for bacteremia in children among different hospitals. In general, those institutions that prefer monotherapy with some combination therapies of other antibiotics than penicillins and aminoglycoside demonstrated better therapeutic results than those that prefer therapies with the orthodox ABPC and GM combination. Further analysis is necessary concerning backgrounds of these cases examined in our study.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1986

[Septicemia of children in Japan (1980-1984). Part 4. Antibiotic treatment and prognosis according to causative agents].

Seven hundred and thirteen cases of septicemia whose causative organisms were detected from peripheral blood at 48 pediatric institutions throughout Japan during 1980-1984 were analyzed with respect to their chemotherapeutic outcome relative to causative microorganisms. Against Gram-positive cocci including S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. viridans, S. pneumoniae, E. faecalis, penicillins (PCs) demonstrated excellent results, and cephalosporin antibiotics (CEPs) also showed good results except against E. faecalis. Combinations of PCs and aminoglycosides (AGs) resulted in a significantly high fatality rate in streptococcal infections, and very significantly high fatality rate of 38.7% in infections due to S. aureus. Combinations of CEPs and AGs showed a little lower rate than the above combinations, but monotherapy gave the best result. Infections due to S. epidermidis revealed better prognosis than those due to S. aureus. We recommend that PC II (PCase resistant) and CEP I or II should be combined with fosfomycin (FOM), if necessary, for the treatment of staphylococcal septicemia. For the treatment of septicemia due to H. influenzae, ampicillin (ABPC) is the best drug against sensitive strains and CEP IV or V may also be the drug of choice even against ABPC resistant strains. Against septicemia due to E. coli, although its prognosis is not good in general, monotherapy gave the lowest mortality. Among combined therapies, "CEPs + AGs" resulted in a significantly lower death rate of 13.3% than "PCs + AGs" which showed a death rate of 38.3%. Pseudomonas septicemia is very difficult to treat with by a monotherapy using even PC IV, CEP V or AGs any of which is effective against P. aeruginosa. However, even then, the combination of "beta-lactam + AGs" gave higher mortality than monotherapies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1985

Use of Millipore diffusion chambers to assay in vivo IL-2 activity.

Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells were grown from C57BL/6 mouse spleen cells by culturing the cells with recombinant human IL-2 (r-IL-2). The unlabeled or [3H]uridine-labeled LAK cells were enclosed in a diffusion chamber, which was implanted into the peritoneal cavity of a syngeneic mouse, and the mouse was treated with an i.p. injection of r-IL-2 or saline (control). In order to detect the activity of administered r-IL-2, the diffusion chambers were taken out from the mice 20-40 h after the implantation, and the viability and cytotoxic activity of LAK cells in the chambers were determined by measuring the radioactivity of the cells and their cytotoxicity to EL 4 mouse leukemia cells respectively. When the mice were treated with saline, the radioactivity of LAK cells was greatly decreased. However, when the mice were treated with r-IL-2, the radioactivity of LAK cells was sustained. An i.p. administration of IL-2 also prevented any decrease in the cytotoxic activity of LAK cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Thallium perfusion and cardiac enzyme abnormalities in patients with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Twelve patients of five families with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were examined. Within each family, the older patients showed dilation or diminished contraction of the left ventricle by echocardiography or angiocardiography more frequently than did younger patients. LDH1 fraction (lactic dehydrogenase isoenzyme) and MB-CPK (creatinine phosphokinase isoenzyme) were increased in 7 of 10 patients. Thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy showed perfusion defect or hypoperfusion in 9 of 10 patient. Eleven cases demonstrated remarkable hypertrophy at the macroscopic level. Marked fibrosis was observed in all 5 of the 11 patients whose histologic findings were obtained. In two necropsy cases, disarray was found throughout the right and left ventricles and the pattern of fibrosis was massive. These findings were different from those of ordinary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. It is possible that each patient with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may develop more prominent thallium and enzyme abnormalities as he becomes older, regardless of whether he develops a dilated cardiomyopathy picture.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

High-flow-rate hydroxylapatites.

We have established a novel and simple method for preparing rigidly crystallized or granulated hydroxylapatites, which showed flow rates one order of magnitude higher in column chromatography than those of the Tiselius specimen (1). The essential difference in the procedures from the Tiselius method is that calcium phosphate, the precursor of hydroxylapatite, is generated not at room temperature but at either 45 or 95 degrees C. The capacities of the two hydroxylapatites for binding and fractionating protein, RNA, and DNA upon column chromatography were similar to those of Tiselius's hydroxylapatite. The 95 degrees C specimen can be dried with no change in the properties. Because of the reproducibly observed properties, including the extremely high flow rate with ease in handling as well as low cost and simple procedures with no additives and with no special equipment in preparation, our hydroxylapatites seem to be best so far for routine laboratory use.

Calcium Phosphates↗
PubMed1985

Lymphokine-activated cell-associated antigen involved in broad-reactive killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

Spleen cells from rats which had been hyperimmunized with mouse lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, were fused with the mouse myeloma cell line, P3 X 63 Ag8.653. Antibodies secreted by 1500 cultures were selected by their blocking effect on LAK cell-mediated cytotoxicity in the absence of complement. Two monoclonal antibodies (KBA4 and KBA6) greatly inhibited the cytotoxic activity of LAK cells, which were induced from mouse spleen cells by culture with recombinant human interleukin 2 (r-IL-2). These antibodies also blocked the cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells, but activated macrophages (A-M phi) were only slightly sensitive to them. However, no effect of the antibodies on the cytotoxic activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) was detected. These data suggest that the specific antigen, lymphokine-activated cell-associated (LAA) antigen, defined by these monoclonal antibodies may be associated with the recognition mechanisms of broad-reactive killer (BRK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The observation that low levels of LAA antigen are distributed in all lymphoid cells and that it was significantly enhanced by treatment of the cells with r-IL-2 suggests that the antigen may be involved in lymphocyte-activation mechanisms. We also found that the LAA antigen consists of two distinct polypeptides with Mr of 180,000 and 95,000 Da, which are similar to that of LFA 1 antigen. However, the biological characteristics of LAA antigen did not coincide with those of LFA 1. Therefore, KBA MAb may recognize a carbohydrate epitope distinct from that of LFA 1.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy. With emphasis on large renal stones.

With utilization of safety guide wire, dilator (up to 36F), and Mazzariello-Caprini forceps, percutaneous removal of renal stone was successfully performed in 18 cases, including 5 cases with staghorn calculus, although parts of the staghorn calculus were left in 4 cases. Attempts at stone extraction were performed on the day nephrostomy was made. All of the renal stones excluding staghorn calculi were removed without disruption followed by satisfactory postoperative renal function. Unexpectedly Kocher forceps was found to be a useful and relatively safe instrument for quick fragmentation and removal of staghorn calculi.

Female↗
PubMed1985

Laryngeal lymphangioma--case report.

Laryngeal lymphangioma is extremely rare. We have been able to find only seventeen cases reported in world literature. We recently, treated a patient suffering from laryngeal lymphangioma in our department. The female patient, aged 36, complained of hoarseness for several months. Indirect laryngoscopy revealed a growth on her right false vocal cord. Under general anesthesia, tracheostomy and laryngofissure were performed for removal of this neoplasm. The tumor was microscopically diagnosed as lymphangioma. The symptoms disappeared after surgery and there has been no recurrence. The pertinent literature on this rare disease is reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A case of hypophyseal prolactinoma with treatable delusions of dermatozoiasis.

The case of an autopsied patient with hypophyseal prolactinoma and dermatozoic delusions is reported, and the mechanism of onset of this special form of delusion is discussed from the neuroendocrinological view point, including response to medications, and neuropathological and pituitary hormonal studies. The subject (69-year-old female) with dermatozoic delusions suffered hypophyseal prolactinoma with high serum prolactin level. Major tranquilizers, minor tranquilizers, or drugs enhancing cerebral blood flow and/or cerebral metabolism did not expell the delusion. Bromocriptine (dopamine agonist) was administered for prolactinoma treatment. After bromocriptine treatment, small doses of haloperidol successfully expelled the delusion. The neuropathological study indicates that the genesis of this delusion is not based on any organic change, but is induced by functional changes related to the prolactin and dopamine systems.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Demonstration of cholera toxin-related factor in cultures of Aeromonas species by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

The production of toxins by Aeromonas species was examined by the suckling mouse test, the hemolysin test, and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with anticholera enterotoxin. A factor that was immunologically related to cholera enterotoxin was produced by 5 of 14 strains of Aeromonas hydrophila and 4 of 15 strains of Aeromonas sobria. Analysis by these assays and by a test for heat stability suggested that the factor differed from hemolysin and from toxin that was active in the suckling mouse test.

Aeromonas↗