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Biomedical subjects

T Nishimura

Publications and source records attributed to T Nishimura.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Perfusion lung scanning before and after percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy--early estimation of lung congestion relief.

Percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) has recently been used to treat mitral stenosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of radionuclide perfusion lung scanning in assessing the effect of PTMC on the relief of lung congestion. We studied 30 patients (7 males and 23 females, mean age 55 years). Perfusion lung scannings were performed within 1 week before and after PTMC. We calculated the ratio of activity in the upper quarter to that in the lower quarter of the right lung (U/L) as an index of lung congestion. After PTMC, the mean mitral valve area increased from 1.1 +/- 0.3 to 1.9 +/- 0.4 cm2, the mean left atrial pressure decreased from 14.8 +/- 6.3 to 9.1 +/- 3.5 mmHg, the mean pulmonary artery pressure decreased from 22.7 +/- 8.6 to 17.4 +/- 6.3 mmHg, and the U/L ratio decreased significantly from 0.89 +/- 0.40 to 0.68 +/- 0.24 (p < 0.0001). The U/L ratio showed greater improvement (4.5%) in patients whose NYHA class improved (n = 19) than in those whose NYHA class did not improve after PTMC. The U/L ratio was closely related to mitral valve area, and left atrial and pulmonary artery pressures. The change in the U/L ration before and after PTMC also reflected symptomatic improvement. In conclusion, U/L ratios obtained from perfusion lung scannings before and after PTMC reflect mitral valve area and pressures, and can be used to assess lung congestion relief after PTMC.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone as inhibitors of killing function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

Costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone were isolated from an extract of mokko (Saussurea lappa Clarke) as inhibitors of killing activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Mokko lactone was also isolated as an inactive compound from the extract. The structure-activity relationship indicated that alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone is required for the inhibitory effect. Costunolide markedly inhibited the granule exocytosis and the production of inositol phosphates in response to anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) stimulation at a concentration that did not affect the binding of anti-CD3 mAb. Tyrosine phosphorylation induced by crosslinking of CD3 molecules was significantly inhibited by costunolide in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that costunolide inhibits the killing activity of CTL through preventing the increase in tyrosine phosphorylation in response to the crosslinking of T-cell receptors.

4-Butyrolactone↗
PubMed1995

Effects of freezing on the proteolysis of beef during storage at 4 degrees C.

The effects of freezing on the proteolysis of beef during storage at 4 degrees C after being thawed was investigated. A sarcoplasmic 32-kDa protein in frozen as well as unfrozen beef decreased rapidly during storage at 4 degrees C, and a more than 100-kDa protein appeared in both beef samples. And the increment of peptides in the frozen beef during the storage at 4 degrees C was larger than that in the unfrozen beef, suggesting that the proteolysis was faster during the storage of the former than the latter. However, its increment in the frozen beef for 10 weeks during the storage at 4 degrees C became smaller than that of the one frozen for less than 5 weeks. To discover an indicator for evaluation of the conditioning of frozen and unfrozen beef, peptides produced during the storage of beef at 4 degrees C were surveyed. A peptide, APPPPAEVPEVHEEV, was detected and seemed to be available as an indicator in the conditioning of beef.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Effects of nitrofurazone on spermatogenesis and reproductive toxicity in male rats--part of a collaborative work to determine optimal administration period and endpoints.

To determine an appropriate administration period and sensitive end-points for the evaluation of effects on male fertility, male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally given nitrofurazone, a model compound, at doses of 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks, or at doses of 12.5 or 25 mg/kg/day for 9 weeks before mating with untreated females. Copulation and fertility indices were decreased, and pregnancy did not result at doses of 25 mg/kg/day and over with both dosing periods. An increase in preimplantation loss, and decreases in implants and live fetuses were observed with 12.5 mg/kg/day after 9-weeks dosing. However, no reproductive endpoints were affected by the same dose level for 4-weeks. Sperm head count was reduced at doses of 25 mg/kg/day and over with both dosing periods. Histopathology revealed tubular degeneration and interstitial cell hyperplasia at doses of 25 mg/kg/day and over after both periods of dosing. Moreover, failure of spermiation in tubular epithelia was also detected in the 12.5 mg/kg groups. These results suggest that 4-weeks premating exposure is sufficient for evaluation of the effects of nitrofurazone on mate fertility, and the most sensitive endpoint in this 4-week premating-dose study is a histopathological change.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Single dose toxicity studies of montirelin hydrate(NS-3) in mice, rats and dogs].

The single dose toxicity studies of montirelin hydrate (NS-3), a new drug for the treatment of disturbance of consciousness, were conducted in Slc:ddY mice, Slc:SD rats, and beagle dogs of both sexes. The drug was administered intravenously (i.v.) to mice, rats and dogs, and intramuscularly (i.m.) to mice and rats. The animals were observed for 14 days after administration. LD50 values were more than 500 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg in mice and rats, respectively, by the i.v. route, and more than 20 mg/kg in both animal species by the i.m. route. In dogs, the minimum lethal dose was more than 200 mg/kg by the i.v. route. Mice that received more than 125 mg/kg by the i.v. route showed tremor and a decrease in locomotor activity during administration and for 30 min thereafter. Mice that received more than 5 mg/kg by the i.m. route showed tremor 5 min after administration and for 2 hr thereafter. Rats that received more than 50 mg/kg by the i.v. route showed tremor, and those that received 200 mg/kg by the same route showed a decrease in locomotor activity and ataxic gait, during and immediately after administration. Rats that received more than 5 mg/kg by the i.m. route showed tremor, and those that received 20 mg/kg by the same route showed salivation 5 min after administration and for 30 min thereafter. Dogs that received more than 12.5 mg/kg by the i.v. route revealed excitement, biting, vocalization, mydriasis, salivation, urination, defecation, licking chops, vomiting, increase in heart rate, panting, hyperthermia, tremor and conjunctival injection during administration and for 6 hr thereafter. The body weight, food consumption and water consumption, and pathological findings showed no changes attributable to the dosing of montirelin hydrate in any animal.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Antigenicity study on montirelin hydrate (NS-3)].

An antigenicity study of montirelin hydrate (NS-3), a new drug for the treatment of disturbance of consciousness, was conducted in Hartley guinea pigs. Animals were sensitized twice by subcutaneous injections of montirelin hydrate in combination with Freund's complete adjuvant and twice by intramuscular injections of montirelin hydrate alone. Montirelin hydrate was found to be negative in the homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test carried out with sera from the sensitized guinea pigs. Negative results were also obtained in the active cutaneous anaphylaxis test and the active systemic anaphylaxis test in guinea pigs sensitized with montilerin hydrate. These results show that montirelin hydrate has no antigenicity under the present experimental conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Apneic spells in a patient with myelomeningocele without Chiari type II malformation--case report.

A female neonate with myelomeningocele but without Chiari type II malformation suffered from apneic spells. Magnetic resonance imaging showed no obvious brainstem anomaly. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials were initially abnormal and subsequently deteriorated during the 6 months after birth. The brainstem deficits were not reversed by a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. She died of respiratory distress and cardiac failure at 2 years of age. This case indicates an intrinsic dysfunction in the brainstem of patients with myelomeningocele not complicated by Chiari type II malformation.

Arnold-Chiari Malformation↗
PubMed1995

Dog liver microsomal P450 enzyme-mediated toluene biotransformation.

1. We studied toluene metabolism in dog liver microsomes and the major metabolite was benzyl alcohol with o- and p-cresol as minor metabolites. 2. The enzyme kinetics of toluene biotransformation were examined by means of Lineweaver-Burk analyses. The Michaelis-Menten values differed among the three pathways, the order being; Km, o-cresol > p-cresol > benzyl alcohol; Vmax, benzyl alcohol > o-cresol > p-cresol; and Cl(int), benzyl alcohol > p-cresol > o-cresol. 3. The formation of benzyl alcohol, o- and p-cresol from toluene was substantially inhibited by the P4502E inhibitors such as DDC (diethyldithiocarbamate) and 4-methylpyrazole in all pathways, with IC50's in the range of 0.02-0.59 mM. The P4502B inhibitors, metyrapone and secobarbital also inhibited benzyl alcohol and p-cresol formation, whereas o-cresol was not inhibited by these latter compounds. 4. Anti-rat P4502E1 antibodies inhibited benzyl alcohol, o- and p-cresol formation from 26 to 30% 0.2 ml serum/mg microsomal protein. Furthermore, anti-rat P4502B1/2 antibody inhibited benzyl alcohol and p-cresol formation (47 and 44% respectively), but not that of o-cresol. Anti-rat P4502C11/6 antibody also inhibited benzyl alcohol and p-cresol formation 31 and 24% respectively in a similar manner to that by the anti-rat P4502B1/2 antibody. 5. These results suggested that the P4502B, 2C and 2E isozymes in dog liver contribute to the formation of benzyl alcohol and p-cresol from toluene, and 2E isozyme preferentially contributes to the formation of o-cresol.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Interaction of tetrachloroethylene with rat hepatic microsomal P450-dependent monooxygenases.

1. We have studied the effects of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) on the kinetics of the P450-dependent monooxygenases in rat liver microsomes. 2. 7-Pentoxyresorufin O-depentylase (PROD) and 7-benzyloxyresorufin O-debenzylase (BROD) activities in phenobarbital (PB)-treated rat liver microsomes were substantially inhibited by PCE. The inhibition profiles were non-competitive for both enzyme activities; Ki's from Eadie-Hofsee plots were 0.16 and 0.29 mM for PROD and BROD respectively. In contrast, the enzyme activities in untreated, beta-naphthoflavone (BNF)-, isoniazid (ISN)- and pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile (PCN)-induced microsomes were not affected by PCE. 3. 7-Ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (ECOD) activity in PB-induced microsomes was competitively inhibited by PCE, with a Ki that was lower than those of other microsomes. 4. PCE inhibited 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activities in some microsomes slightly. The Ki for PCE was the lowest in untreated, followed by ISN-treated microsomes. 5. No effect of PCE upon aniline 4-hydroxylase (AN4H) and testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylase (TS6BH) activities was evident in any microsomal preparation. 6. These results indicate that PCE inhibits PB-inducible, P450-dependent monooxygenases in vitro non-competitively or competitively, and that the P450 enzymes of the P4502B subfamily may contribute to PCE toxicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Familial Alzheimer's disease in Japanese population].

We ascertained 56 related cases with early onset familial Alzheimer's disease (EOFAD; mean age of onset < 65 years) and 10 related cases with late onset familial Alzheimer's disease (LOFAD; mean age of onset > or = 65 years) through a questionnaire administered to neuro-psychiatric and medical school hospitals in Japan and through a review of cases in Japanese literature. Mean age of onset and death (+/- S.D.) of EOFAD were 43.4 +/- 8.6 years (n = 94) and 51.1 +/- 10.5 years (n = 85), respectively. Distributions of the age-onset were relatively constant within a family but significantly different between families. Our result may suggest that clinical differences between families represent genetic heterogeneity at the molecular level. Six out of 32 related cases of with EOFAD showed the 717 Val-->Ile mutation of beta/A4 amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene. This result suggests that the frequency of this mutation in Japanese population is higher than in Caucasian and allelic the existenced heterogeneity, in Japanese EOFAD.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[A case of gas-producing brain abscess with subdural empyema: timing of the operation for brain abscess].

A case of gas-producing brain abscess with subdural abscess was reported. An 18-year-old boy was admitted with a five-day history of vomiting and high grade pyrexia. Plain skull roentgenograms demonstrated left frontal multiple gas bubbles. CT scan and MRI showed that both brain and subdural abscesses contained gas in the left frontal area. Antibiotics and glyceol were intravenously administrated. In serial CT scans, subdural abscess was not recognized, while brain abscess was enhanced in a ring. Seven days after admission, milky white pus with a fecal odor was aspirated using CT guided stereotactic apparatus, and the catheter was left in the abscess cavity. Culture of the pus grew peptostreptococcus. On the 22nd hospital day, repeated aspiration and drainage were performed for the residual brain abscess. The patient gradually improved after the aspiration with continuous administration of antibiotics, and he was discharged on the 59th hospital day with no neurological deficits. Based on our experience and a review of the literature, the treatment of choice is aspiration in the late cerebritis stage of brain abscess.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Assessment for intelligence on patients with Pick's disease].

In contrast to Alzheimer's disease, it is unclear whether the MMS (Mini-Mental State) or the RCPM (Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices) is clinically useful as a mental test battery in patients with Pick's disease, and it has not been fully evaluated whether intelligence of these patients really deteriorate along with the staging of dementia. The present study aimed to make these problems clear. We administered the MMS and the RCPM to 17 cases of Pick's disease, including 7 cases with predominantly frontal lobe atrophy and 10 cases with predominantly temporal lobe atrophy, which were all classified into 3 groups according to the staging of dementia by using the NM scale (New Clinical Scale for Rating of Mental States). We also investigated whether these patients had "Denkfaulheit" (laziness of thinking) and/or "gogi" aphasia (word meaning aphasia), which may affect performances on the mental test batteries. Two cases with predominantly frontal lobe atrophy and 5 cases with predominantly temporal lobe atrophy were assessed by the same examinations several years later. In cases with predominantly frontal lobe atrophy, all the patients presented with "Denkfaulheit". However, the mean RCPM score was normal in the mildly damaged patients, suggesting that their intelligence were relatively preserved. In the moderately and severely damaged groups, their intelligence could not be assessed owing to their severe "Denkfaulheit". In cases with predominantly temporal lobe atrophy, all the patients had "gogi" aphasia and 3 cases of the severely damaged groups presented with "Denkfaulheit".(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Choroidal neovascularization with indocyanine green infrared fluorescence angiography and vascular cast preparation].

Indocyanine green infrared fluorescence angiography (ICG angiography) was compared with the fluorescein angiography (FAG) to evaluate its benefit. Experimentally induced choroidal neovascularization (ChNV), by laser photocoagulation of monkey eyes was studied by means of cast preparation correlating with findings of ICG angiography. FAG could detect ChNV more clearly than ICG angiography. However, some (2/35 sites) ChNVs with subretinal hemorrhage could be detected only with ICG angiography. In the early phase, the densely distributed part or thick vessels of ChNV could be detected with ICG angiography. On the other hand, the loose part could not be detected. Cast preparation did not show morphologic difference between leaky and non-leaky lesions with ICG angiography. These results showed that ICG angiography could not produce clearer results than FAG. However, ChNVs covered with subretinal hemorrhage could be detected only with ICG angiography. ICG angiography has complementary value in conjunction with FAG in order to detect ChNVs.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Dye leakage from choroidal neovascularization with indocyanine green angiography].

The ultrastructure of experimentally induced choroidal neovascularization was studied in correlation with dye leakage in indocyanine green (ICG) infrared fluorescence angiography. Newly formed vessels which demonstrated leakage of ICG extended into the subretinal space without enclosure of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and the endothelial cells were immature. Choroidal neovascularization which did not demonstrate leakage of ICG was enclosed by RPE without retinal detachment, and the endothelial cells were mature. The newly formed vessels with immature endothelium in the subretinal space that were covered with multiple layers of RPE demonstrated no leakage. These results show that ICG leaks form choroidal neovascularization which has immature vessels that are not enclosed by RPE and that extend into the subretinal space.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Coronary artery bypass surgery in patients aged 75 years or older].

16 patients 75 years of age or older underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. The overall hospital mortality rate was 12.5% (2/16), 0% for elective procedures, 33.3% for urgent and emergent cases. 4 of 6 patients underwent emergency CABG after failed percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Major complications were altered mental status, low cardiac output syndrome (LOS), pulmonary dysfunction and renal dysfunction. One patient who died had LOS. Another patient who died occurred multiple organ failure after pulmonary dysfunction from self-extubation. There was no correlation the incidence of postoperative confusion and preoperative cerebral CT findings. CABG can be performed safely in patients 75 years or older, if the preoperative conditions are stable.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

[Neutrophil elastase in postoperative pleural effusion of patients who had undergone pulmonary resections].

We determined whether activity of neutrophil elastase increases in pleural effusion after lobectomy for the neoplasm in the lung. Samples of pleural effusion were obtained 3 and 24 h postoperatively and samples of the peripheral blood were obtained preoperatively, 3 h, 24 h, and 1 w postoperatively, then the neutrophil counts, the levels of neutrophil elastase and alpha 1-antitrypsin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the activity of neutrophil elastase using succinyl-(L-alanine) 3-p-nitroanilide were measured. We found that the levels of neutrophil elastase increased 170 times greater in pleural effusion than in peripheral blood 3 h after lobectomy. However, the levels of alpha 1-antitrypsin did not increase in pleural effusion. The activity of neutrophil elastase increased to 0.54 +/- 0.1 mumol/min/l in pleural effusion 3 h after lobectomy, however the activity of neutrophil elastase was under the sensitivity level of detection in the peripheral blood after lobectomy. In conclusion, there is an imbalance between the levels of neutrophil elastase and alpha 1-antitrypsin in pleural effusion after lobectomy, the imbalance resulting in the increased activity of neutrophil elastase which probably is relating to tissue injury in the pleural spaces.

Aged↗