Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to T Nishida.
A case of osteogenesis imperfecta complicated with acute type A aortic dissection is presented. Emergency graft replacement of the ascending aorta was performed successfully despite the anticipated difficulties with tissue friability. Therefore, such an operation is suggested to be worthy of consideration and feasible in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta.
BACKGROUND: We recently developed a novel system of direct hemoperfusion under hepatic venous isolation in an attempt to achieve high-dose intraarterial chemotherapy for patients with malignant liver tumors. We report here the results of treatment of these patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS: Adriamycin (100 to 150 mg/m2) was administered into the hepatic artery of 15 patients, under conditions of extracorporeal drug elimination by direct hemoperfusion under hepatic venous isolation. Hepatic venous isolation was accomplished mainly by the double-balloon technique with an occlusion catheter and a balloon catheter. The isolated hepatic venous blood was filtered by direct hemoperfusion and pumped to the left axillary vein. RESULTS: During 5 minutes of adriamycin infusion, the mean drug extraction ratios of the direct hemoperfusion filters were 91% +/- 9% (mean +/- SD). The amount of drug removed by the system was 26.4% +/- 16.0% of the amount of drug administered. Two patients died, one of necrotizing pancreatitis and the other of hepatic arterial thrombosis. Both deaths were related directly to the hepatic arterial catheter. Other side effects included hemolysis related to the system of hemoperfusion (87%), chemical hepatitis (80%), leukopenia less than 3000/mm3 (67%), alopecia (33%), and nausea and vomiting (20%). Nine (64%) of 14 evaluable patients had objective tumor responses, with a median duration of response of 6.2 months. CONCLUSIONS: This approach offers an effective therapeutic option for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
We describe the successful management of a 656-g preterm infant of 29 weeks' postconceptional age undergoing closed transventricular pulmonary valvotomy. The patient had a critical pulmonary stenosis and was treated with an infusion of prostaglandin E1, which resulted in excessive pulmonary blood flow through the ductus arteriosus. The key points in anaesthetic management were maintaining an optimum balance between the systemic and pulmonary circulation and preparing for the abrupt haemodynamic change caused by valvotomy.
Complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) mediated by a chimeric anti-Lewis Y monoclonal antibody (cH18A; human IgG1) was investigated in this study. Human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (PC7, PC9, and PC14) were used as the target cells. PC7 and PC9 cells, expressed Lewis Y antigen and were lysed by cH18A as effectively as by the parent mouse anti-Lewis Y antibodies (mH18A) in a concentration-dependent manner. PC14 cells did not express Lewis Y antigen and were not lysed by either cH18A or mH18A. cH18A mediated CDC activity against PC7 and PC9 cells was enhanced by the combined use of monoclonal antibodies directed against CD46(MCP), CD55(DAF), and CD59. These molecules are complement-regulatory proteins which protect host cells from CDC. PC7 and PC9 cells, showed high levels of surface expression of these proteins, PC7 cells were more susceptible to cH18A-mediated CDC than PC9 cells. Use of multiple blocking antibodies to the complement-regulatory proteins produced more enhancement of cH18A-mediated CDC than a single antibody. Moreover, expression of CD55 and CD59 by PC7 and PC9 cells was decreased after treatment with PI-PLC, resulting in increased susceptibility to cH18A-mediated CDC. Although the reason is unknown, PC7 cells became more susceptible to CDC than PC9 cells after PI-PLC treatment even in the absence of cH18A. These data suggest that chimeric monoclonal antibodies can be used to induce CDC against lung adenocarcinoma, and that such CDC is potentiated by a variety of antibodies blocking compliment-regulatory proteins on the tumour cell surface.
OBJECTIVE: Preoperative CT or MRI findings were compared with the results of staging the laparotomy to evaluate the accuracy of CT or MRI for detecting pelvic and para-aortic lymph-node metastases. METHODS: In evaluating CTs in 95 ovarian carcinomas, we examined plain and contrast images made in 1- to 1.5-cm-thick slices from the pubis to the xiphoid process. Lymph nodes 1.5 cm or larger were considered to be positive. MRIs of 60 uterine corpus carcinomas utilized T1-weighted contrast, T2-weighted, and short-inversion time inversion-recovery (STIR) images. RESULTS: CT had a sensitivity of 60.9% and a specificity of 93.1%. The positive and negative predictive values were 73.7% and 88.2%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of CT for detecting para-aortic lymph-node metastases exceeded that for pelvic node metastases. The results of MRI indicated that the T1-weighted image and STIR image were the most accurate in identifying metastatic nodes. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the most practical approach might be to search for enlarged lymph nodes by CT, and to follow-up with MRI when CT scans are questionable.
This study focused on unusual histologic features observed in 2 relapsed Brenner tumors. Case 1: A 67-year-old woman had a malignant Brenner tumor. The tumor relapsed was squamous-cell carcinoma. Case 2: A 51-year-old woman had a proliferating and malignant Brenner tumor with mucinous metaplasia. The relapsed tumor was a well-differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma. These cases suggest that: (1) the relapsed tumor cells survived chemotherapy; and (2) the relapsed tumor cells transformed.
Ovarian serous adenocarcinoma with AFP production is very rare. A case involving a 66-year-old woman with an elevated serum AFP level without detectable hepatic involvement. AFP-positive cells were seen in the tumor at the second surgery. Fifty-seven percent of serum AFP from the patient bound Con A, whereas 43% did not. Similarly, 54% of the tumor fluid also bound Con A. These suggest that the serum AFP was similar to that of gastrointestinal tumors and yolk-sac tumors.
OBJECTIVE: Experimental chemotherapy was conducted to investigate the combined effect of Schizophyllan (SPG) and Cisplatin (CDDP). METHODS: Rats with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced ovarian adenocarcinoma received SPG and/or CDDP, were observed for the anti-tumor effect of the drugs and were subjected to immunohistochemical study. RESULTS: 1) Tumor reduction was enhanced by the combined use of SPG and CDDP; 2) The survival rate of rats given SPG alone was significantly higher than that of the control rats, and treatment with SPG combined with CDDP tended to improve the survival rate; 3) Immunohistochemically, an infiltrative increase in cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) was induced, although the development of helper T-cells and macrophages was immunohistochemically weak at the tumor site. CONCLUSION: The administration of SPG enhanced the anti-tumor effect of CDDP.
In this study, we compared three gas compositions to determine if the duration of apnoea for SpO2 to decrease is proportionate to the oxygen fraction of the gas prior to apnoea. Twenty-five patients ASA physical status 1-2 aged two months to 12 years were included in the study. Anaesthesia was induced via a mask with 5% sevoflurane and 66% N2O in oxygen. After paralysis with vecuronium (0.12 mg.kg-1, i.v.) the trachea was intubated and anaesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane and N2O in oxygen. When cardiovascular stability was obtained, the patient was randomly set to breathe one of three gas compositions: 1. oxygen (FiO2 1.0), 2. N2O/O2 (FiO2 0.4), and 3. air/O2 (FiO2 0.4). All three gas compositions included 2-4% of sevoflurane to maintain anaesthesia. After more than eight min of each gas breathing, apnoea was begun by disconnecting the breathing circuit from the tracheal tube. The time from the start of apnoea (SpO2 100%) to SpO2 of 95% (T95) was measured. T95 measured after breathing N2O/O2 and air/O2 were 34.6 +/- 5.7 and 28.8 +/- 4.7% of that measured after oxygen breathing (P < 0.001 vs oxygen breathing, P < 0.001 vs oxygen and N2O/O2 breathing), respectively. Preoxygenation before intubation was validated to delay the haemoglobin desaturation brought about by apnoea. An induction technique using a low FiO2 will allow rapid haemoglobin desaturation.
Biobleaching of hardwood unbleached kraft pulp (UKP) by Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Trametes versicolor was studied in the solid-state fermentation system with different culture media. In this fermentation system with low-nitrogen and high-carbon culture medium, pulp brightness increased by 15 and 30 points after 5 days of treatment with T. versicolor and P. chrysosporium, respectively, and the pulp kappa number decreased with increasing brightness. A comparison of manganese peroxidase (MnP), lignin peroxidase (LiP), and laccase activities assayed by using fungus-treated pulp and the filtrate after homogenizing the fungus-treated pulp in buffer solution indicated that enzymes secreted from fungi were adsorbed onto the UKP and that assays of these enzyme activities should be carried out with the treated pulp. Time course studies of brightness increase and MnP activity during treatment with P. chrysosporium suggested that it was difficult to correlate them on the basis of data obtained on a certain day of incubation, because the MnP activity fluctuated dramatically during the treatment time. When brightness increase and cumulative MnP, LiP, and laccase activities were determined, a linear relationship between brightness increase and cumulative MnP activity was found in the solid-state fermentation system with both P. chrysosporium and T. versicolor. This result suggests that MnP is involved in brightening of UKP by white rot fungi.
We established a mouse antiserum by immunizing BALB/c mice with sexually undifferentiated 6-day chick embryonic gonads. The antiserum had a higher affinity to the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of primordial germ cells (PGCs) than to the somatic cells in 6-day chick gonads. PGCs at this stage appear to have a higher specificity with more antigenic capacity than gonadal somatic cells; thus, the antiserum should be useful as a cell marker of chick PGCs. Subsequently, an immunohistochemical examination of PGCs settling in the genital ridges of chick embryos was carried out by the use of the antiserum. The reaction was clearly detected in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of 5-day PGCs. After sexual differentiation, the reaction changed in distribution in females. At 8 days, it was limited to the perinuclear region of PGCs. In males, although the reaction persisted for longer period than in females, only a weak reaction was detectable at 9 days. These results suggest that the occurrence of periodic molecular changes may be different between male and female PGCs.
Cardiac myocytes in the left ventricle and atrium of the greater bandicoot rat (Bandicota indica) were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The fine structure showed typical features of mammalian cardiac myocytes. In atrial myocytes, however, the areas occupied by mitochondria were much smaller than that filled with myofibrils. The decrease in mitochondria and the abundance of myofibrils are thought to be an ultrastructural adaptation to the large body size of this species. Many conducting myocytes were observed in both atrium and ventricle. The atrial conducting myocytes were ultrastructurally different from the Purkinje fibers of the ventricle. We suggest that the abundance and the ultrastructural variation of conducting myocytes are related to the physiological aspects, such as body size, of this animal.
The distribution and properties of sugar residues in germ and Sertoli cells of differentiating chick gonads were examined by light microscopy using twelve different lectins. Characteristics binding patterns of ConA, RCA-1, BPA, WGA and STA were observed in germ and Sertoli cells during testicular development. BPA preferentially bound to the cytoplasm and plasma membrane of primordial germ cells (PGCs). BPA reaction appeared prior to stage 29, continued until stage 36, and completely disappeared at stage 37. This finding indicates that dynamic changes in glycoconjugates containing N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues may occur in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane of PGCs. During the formation of testicular cords (stages 36-39), ConA, WGA, STA and RCA-I also showed a positive reaction on the cell surface of differentiating Sertoli cells. Therefore, these glycoconjugates on Sertoli cell surfaces may play an important role in testicular cord formation.
The parotid glands of Tupaia glis were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. The acinar cells were seromucous in nature, and contained many acidophilic granules with strong affinity for periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and weak affinity for alcian blue (AB). These granules consisted of a fine granular matrix of moderate density in which a denser corpuscles or semilunar materials were present. Intercalated duct cells had a few fine vesicles, vacuoles and very few dense granules in the apical region. In occasional epithelial cells, acidophilic, PAS-positive and AB-negative bodies with moderate density were observed in the supranuclear region. The striated ducts consisted of columnar light and dark cells containing round or small ovoid granules of moderate density and did not show the granular duct as seen in the parotid glands of kobe mole and tenrec which are placed in the order insectivora.
To understand the mechanism of corneal stromal wound contraction, we investigated the effect of corneal epithelial cells on the collagen gel contraction by keratocytes. Subcultured rabbit keratocytes embedded in type I collagen gel were cultured. Rabbit corneal epithelial cells were also cultured and the cultured medium was collected and used as an epithelial cell conditioned medium (ECCM). The collagen gel contraction by keratocytes was estimated by measuring the diameter of the collagen disc once a day for 5 days. The diameter of the collagen gel decreased in proportion to the number of keratocytes in the presence of fetal calf serum (FCS), but it decreased in inverse proportion to the concentration of collagen. The collagen gel contraction by keratocytes was enhanced by the addition of ECCM in a dose dependent manner. This stimulatory activity was found in ECCM obtained from 3 to 7 day cultivation of corneal epithelial cells. These findings demonstrated that keratocytes contracted collagen gel in the presence of FCS. It also appeared that corneal epithelial cells secrete a factor or factors that stimulate the collagen gel contraction by keratocytes.
We investigated the synergistic effect of anti-HLA class II monoclonal antibodies on proliferative responses to ovalbumin (OA) of T cell line (TCL) cells from five hen's-egg-sensitive patients. Among the five patients, the proliferation of the TCL cells from two patients with AD who have a low immune reaction was restored by the anti-HLA-DQ monoclonal antibodies, and the proliferation of the TCL cells from the other three patients was inhibited by the anti-HLA-DP monoclonal antibodies. These results suggest that a component of the T cell repertoire reactive with OA in hen's-egg-sensitive patients may be restricted by HLA-DP molecules. Furthermore, in hen's-egg-sensitive patients with AD who have a low immune reaction, low responsiveness may be regulated by HLA-DQ molecules.
Distribution of lectin binding in the testis of the musk shrew, Suncus murinus, was investigated by light and transmission electron microscopy. Not only spermatogenic cells but also Sertoli cells bound some lectins. Canavalia ensiformis agglutinin (Con A) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA, Triticum vulgaris), indicating the presence of D-mannose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine respectively, showed an intense reaction in the acrosomal region of early to late spermatids. Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA-I), peanut agglutinin (PNA, Arachis hypogaea), Bauhinia purpurea agglutinin (BPA), soybean agglutinin (SBA, Glycine max), revealing the presence of D-galactose and/or N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, bound to the acrosomal region from Golgi to acrosome-phase spermatids and abruptly decreased in intensity in maturation-phase spermatids. GS-II, indicating the presence of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, gave an intense reaction only in the acrosome of acrosome-phase spermatids. These findings demonstrate that the appearance/disappearance of some glycoconjugates in the spermatid acrosome occurs in the musk shrew during acrosomal formation. Additionally, RCA-I, PNA and BPA revealed a strong reaction in the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells. The reaction that was observed in the intramembranous region of Sertoli cell cytoplasm at the electron microscope level appeared from stages VIII to XIII but not from stages I to VII. This finding suggests that glycoconjugates containing D-galactose may change stage-dependently in the musk shrew Sertoli cell.
Cardiac musculature of the cranial vena cava in the common tree shrew (Tupaia glis) was examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. The common tree shrew has well developed cardiac myocyte layers in the tunica media of the cranial vena cava, extending from the right atrium to the root of the subclavian vein. Because the common tree shrew belongs to a primitive group of mammals, the occurrence of cardiac musculature in the cranial vena cava may be a common feature in lower mammals. The development of this musculature indicates that active contraction of the cranial vena cava wall occurs in this species. Electron micrographs showed the typical ultrastructure of myocytes and nerve endings. These observations suggest that this musculature may serve as a regulatory pump for the return of venous blood to the right atrium and as a blood reservoir system under conditions of rapid heart rate. Additionally, the presence of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) was also demonstrated in the myocytes of the vena cava immunohistochemically. These findings show that the cardiac endocrine organ for ANP develops even in the principal veins including the cranial vena cava.