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Biomedical subjects

T Nilsson

Publications and source records attributed to T Nilsson.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Adenoviruses of subgenera B, C, D, and E modulate cell-surface expression of major histocompatibility complex class I antigens.

The immune defense against viral infections involves cytotoxic T lymphocytes that recognize viral products in the context of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens. To evade such immune surveillance viruses may have evolved various strategies to manipulate the expression of class I antigens. Adenovirus 2 manufactures an early glycoprotein, E19, that binds to nascent class I antigens in the endoplasmic reticulum and impedes their transport to the cell surface. We now show that adenoviruses typical of all viral subgenera except the highly oncogenic subgenus A dramatically reduce the cell-surface expression of class I antigens. It has been shown that subgenus A viruses abolish class I antigen expression in transformed cells by reducing mRNA levels. Thus, all adenoviruses can modulate the cell-surface expression of class I antigens.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1986

Antibiotic prophylaxis in vascular reconstructive surgery: a double-blind placebo-controlled study.

In a prospective randomized double-blind study of 141 patients referred for reconstructive vascular surgery on the abdominal aorta and the lower extremities, placebo was compared to antibiotic prophylaxis. The prophylaxis group received three doses of a combination of methicillin, 2 g and netilmicin, 200 mg. Antibiotic prophylaxis reduced postoperative wound infections as compared to placebo, i.e. 4/69 (5.8%) vs. 12/72, (16.7%) respectively (P = 0.04). No graft infections occurred. Two cases of postoperative septicaemia were seen in the placebo group, none in the antibiotic group. Among different procedures aortic-femoral bypass operations showed the highest wound infection rates. The two treatment groups were comparable with regard to all other postoperative complications registered, including nephro- and ototoxicity. The antibiotic regimen was considered safe, but had only marginal value as prophylaxis in vascular reconstructive surgery on the abdominal aorta and the lower extremities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Thrombocytopenia and pseudothrombocytopenia: a clinical and laboratory problem.

During a 4-month period, the patients with thrombocytopenia (N = 14) at a haematological outpatient clinic were subjected to a special laboratory investigation. Evidence of pseudothrombocytopenia was found in 5 of the patients. 1 patient with a giant platelet syndrome associated with deficient platelet function was also found. It is concluded that pseudothrombocytopenia and various thrombocytopathies provide a significant confounding factor in the management of patients with alleged thrombocytopenia. It is therefore suggested that the initial diagnostic work-up of alleged thrombocytopenia patients should include an assessment of platelet morphology in addition to an overall haemostatic test (bleeding time) and platelet function tests.

Bleeding Time↗
PubMed1986

Double gammopathies: incidence and clinical course of 20 patients.

The presence of 2 M-components in single patients (double gammopathy) was studied retrospectively by means of the electrophoresis files in Umeå (serving a population of approximately 150 000 inhabitants). During the 11-year period 1974-1984, 109 000 electrophoreses were performed, among which 1034 patients with gammopathy were found. Of these, 20 (2%) had double gammopathy; 3 were associated with lymphoma, 7 with myelomatosis, 9 with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and 1 with lupus erythematosus disseminatus. It is suggested that one subgroup of double gammopathy (6 patients) had a neoplastic cell clone combined with a normally regulated cell line, the latter marked by a transient M-component. Another subgroup (14 patients) seems to have 2 coexisting different neoplastic cell lines, with persistent double gammopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Cardiovascular complications of estrogen therapy for nondisseminated prostatic carcinoma. A preliminary report from a randomized multicenter study.

In a prospective multicenter study, 244 men with highly or moderately differentiated prostatic cancer in stage I, II or III (VACURG) were consecutively randomized to three groups of treatment: Group A (77 patients) received polyestradiol phosphate (Estradurin, Leo) 80 mg i.m. every fourth week + ethinyl estradiol (Etivex, Leo) 150 micrograms daily, group B (72 patients) estramustine phosphate (Estracyt, Leo) 280 mg twice daily, and group C (76 patients) no therapy. Only men without current or previous other malignancy and without cardiovascular disease were admitted to the study. After 4 1/2 years 125 of the 244 patients had left the study, 9 because of cancer progression (stage IV, VACURG). The most serious complications were cardiovascular, including ischemic heart disease, cardiac decompensation, cerebral ischemia and venous thromboembolism, which occurred in 24 patients from group A and 9 from group B as compared to only one patient in group C. The subgroup superficial or deep venous thrombosis comprised 11 group A and 2 group B patients. Estrogens (E + e) offered as palliative treatment to patients with non-generalized prostatic carcinoma is burdened with a high incidence of serious cardiovascular complications.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Relationship between factor XII, von Willebrand factor and postoperative deep vein thrombosis.

The development of postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was studied in 45 patients subjected to major abdominal surgery, 17 of whom showed signs of DVT as defined by 125I-fibrinogen test. The preoperative levels of von Willebrand factor (F VIII RAg) and platelets were higher in these 17 patients than in those remaining free from DVT. A contributing factor in DVT development thus may be more active primary haemostasis. Preoperative F XII levels were similar in the two groups, but the post-operative drop in F XII was more pronounced in the DVT group. An inhibitor of plasminogen activation behaved similarly in both groups. C1-inhibitor, the main inhibitor of the F XII-dependent clotting and fibrinolytic pathways, showed a typical acute-phase response postoperatively, without intergroup difference. The study suggested that F XII-dependent pathways play a role in the genesis of venous thrombi, at least in the postoperative period, though whether the postoperative F XII drop was due to a role in clotting or to fibrinolysis activation remains unclear.

Complement C1↗
PubMed1986

Age dependence of tissue plasminogen activator concentrations in plasma, as studied by an improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

A procedure for improving the specificity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) was devised, based on addition of antigen-specific or non-immune immunoglobulins to the citrated plasma sample and defining the difference in assay response between these two mixtures as the antigen-specific part of the response. When applied to measurement of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA; EC 3.4.21.31) antigen in plasma, this procedure resulted in elimination of the overestimates obtained in a large proportion (10-20%) of patients' samples when assayed according to the conventional ELISA technique. Basal t-PA concentrations in plasma were found to be highly age-dependent, normal values being about 3 micrograms/L for adults near 30 years of age and about 10 micrograms/L for those over 60. Patients with gallbladder stone disease had increased mass concentrations of t-PA in plasma, even when corrected for the age effect; patients with multi-infarct dementia did not.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Elevated plasmin-alpha 2-antiplasmin complex levels in hereditary angioedema: evidence for the in vivo efficiency of the intrinsic fibrinolytic system.

The contact activation and fibrinolytic systems were assessed in 5 patients with hereditary angioedema (HAE). Reductions in F XII levels and increase in kallikrein-like activity in some patients indicated activation of the contact (intrinsic) system of coagulation. A great increase in plasmin-alpha 2-antiplasmin complex in all subjects indicated that in this disease, there is a constantly ongoing fibrinolysis. Since C1-inhibitor, the deficient protein in HAE, is a poor inhibitor of the well-known extrinsic (tissue-type) plasminogen activator, but the major inhibitor of the contact activation system and a related in vitro phenomenon termed intrinsic fibrinolysis, our data show that this fibrinolytic system is also sometimes operating efficiently in vivo. Furthermore, the known clinical data on HAE are compatible with a role of intrinsic fibrinolysis in the pathophysiology of this disease.

Angioedema↗
PubMed1985

Postoperative survival of patients with potentially curable cancer of the colon.

The association between histopathologic findings and postoperative survival in 442 patients with potentially curable carcinomas of the colon has been analyzed using Cox's regression model. The prognostic variables included in the study were age, sex, stage of disease according to Dukes' classification and Broders' grading, as well as presence/absence at the time of operation of venous and nerve invasion. The overall five-year postoperative survival rate was 46.6 percent. Using a model including all prognostic factors, sex and Dukes' classification were not found to be associated with survival. Broders' grading and/or nerve invasion yielded only a borderline statistical significance in the model that included all factors. The invasion of veins was almost always associated with invasion of nerves.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Impaired intracellular transport of class I MHC antigens as a possible means for adenoviruses to evade immune surveillance.

Early region E3 of adenovirus-2 encodes a glycoprotein, E19, that associates with class I MHC antigens. The interaction occurs concomitantly with abrogated terminal glycosylation of class I antigen heavy chains, as shown by pulse-chase and Endo H digestion experiments. Also the viral protein remains in the high mannose form throughout the chase period. These results do not reflect a general impairment of terminal glycosylation of membrane proteins. Immunofluorescence analyses demonstrated that in virally infected cells E19 and class I antigens accumulate in the perinuclear region. Class I antigens gradually disappear from the cell surface. A diminished cell surface expression of class I antigens may be a means by which adenoviruses evade immune surveillance.

Adenovirus Early Proteins↗
PubMed1985

Inactivation of key factors of the plasma proteinase cascade systems by Bacteroides gingivalis.

The effect of Bacteroides gingivalis W83 on various key components of the human plasma proteinase cascade systems was studied. When purified C1-inhibitor was incubated with the bacterium, the inhibitor was rapidly inactivated by limited proteolytic cleavage. In citrated whole plasma, C1-inhibitor, antithrombin, plasminogen, prekallikrein, prothrombinase complex, the clotting factor X, and most of the alpha 2-antiplasmin were functionally eliminated after 30 min of incubation with the bacterium. Fibrinogen disappeared from the plasma almost immediately upon mixing with the bacterial suspension. In contrast, there was no appreciable decrease in the bulk of other plasma proteins, such as various transport proteins (albumin, prealbumin, transferrin) and immunoglobulins, during 4 h of incubation with the bacterium. Most of the observed effects can be assigned to the proteolytic activity of the bacterium itself, since there was little evidence for generation of intrinsic plasma proteinase activity, despite the loss of proteinase inhibitory activities. B. gingivalis W83 thus seems to be equipped with proteolytic enzyme systems which selectively recognize and rapidly inactivate the most important proteinase inhibitors and proenzymes present in human plasma. This bacterium therefore seems to be able to efficiently paralyze the host's various defenses against invading microorganisms.

Bacteroides↗
PubMed1985

Motility of the human ureter, with special reference to the effect of indomethacin.

Ureteral motility was studied in isolated preparations obtained from 19 patients at surgery. Contraction was monitored in an organ bath and contraction recorded isometrically. In all but one patient rhythmic activity with a frequency of 2.0 +/- 0.3 contractions/min was recorded. In 6 patients contractions had to be elicited by stimulation with prostaglandin E2 or F2 alpha. In the remaining cases motility started spontaneously within 30 min. In patients with bilharzia nephropathy various pathological types of contraction were recorded. Motility was dose-dependently inhibited with indomethacin.

Dinoprost↗
PubMed1985

Relationships between tissue plasminogen activator, steroid hormones and deep vein thrombosis.

The plasma concentrations of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen, cortisol, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, FSH and LH were studied in 33 men undergoing major abdominal surgery. Significant positive correlation was found between the concentrations of t-PA antigen and cortisol, suggesting that the adrenal cortex has a role in the regulation of extrinsic fibrinolysis. These two variables, however, did not distinguish between patients with postoperative deep vein thrombosis (diagnosed by 125I-fibrinogen uptake test) and those without this complication. Such distinction was possible, however, with another steroid hormone of the adrenal cortex, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate. At present, no explanation in terms of haemostatic mechanisms can be offered for this finding.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1985

Determination of C1s-C1 inhibitor complexes in plasma by means of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.

An enzyme linked differential antibody immunosorbent assay for the quantitation of the C1s-C1 inhibitor complex has been developed. A study of the assays' performance under various conditions has shown that before use in the assay, it is imperative to remove competing forms of C1s from the samples to be tested. This is conveniently achieved in human plasma or serum by polyethylene glycol precipitation of the C1qrs, since the C1s-C1 inhibitor complex remains soluble and can be assayed in the supernatant solution. The detection limit of the assay in the plasma milieu is 0.1 mg/l, and the concentrations of the C1s-C1 inhibitor complex were found to be 1 mg/l in citrated plasma and 2 mg/l in serum. Activation of the fibrinolytic system in vivo does not seem to result in any appreciable C1 activation, since there was no concomitant major change in the plasma concentration of the C1s-C1 inhibitor complex.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Long-term cosmetic results comparing Proximate stapler with Dermalon skin closure.

Sixteen patients having had an aorto-femoral bifurcation bypass performed were allocated at random for having their right inguinal incisions sutured with staplers and the left incisions with monofilament nylon sutures or vice versa. Long-term follow-up (11 months) demonstrated no differences in the appearance of the scars. The only advantage of the stapler is the short duration of skin-closure as compared to the sutured wounds. Since the long-term cosmetic results are equal and the cost price of the staplers are far higher than sutures we cannot recommend staplers for skin closure in routine operations.

Abdomen↗