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Biomedical subjects

T Negishi

Publications and source records attributed to T Negishi.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[The correlation of the severity of stress urinary incontinence with static and stress urethral pressure profiles].

The urethral pressure profile (UPP) at rest and under stress was recorded by means of double lumen microtip transducer catheter in 58 females with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The patients were divided into three groups including mild to moderate SUI patients (n = 29, group 1), severe SUI patients (n = 16, group 2) and very severe SUI patients (n = 13, group 3) according to a one-hour pad test. The functional urethral length (FUL) was divided into four equal lengths and the pressure transmission ratio (PTR) was calculated for each quartile for each female. We examined the correlation of the severity of SUI with urethral pressure parameters: maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) at rest and functional urethral length (FUL) at rest and PTR. SUI patients showed a negative association between the severity of SUI and MUCP, but no significant differences in the FUL were seen between the different groups. PTR was shown to be similar in order for all groups of SUI patients showing a linear decrease in the value of the PTR along the FUL. However, we found a negative association between the severity of SUI and PTR (P < 0.05) at the middle part of the FUL (Q3). These findings indicate that there are more defective distal sphincter mechanisms in severe SUI patients than in mild to moderate SUI patients. There was an overlap between the different groups in both MUCP and PTR at the middle urethra (Q3), suggesting that other parameters are related with the severity of SUI.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Porphyrins as potential inhibitors against exposure to carcinogens and mutagens.

Studies have shown that there are many substances that can interfere with the actions of carcinogens and mutagens. Porphyrins, which often are constituents of diet, are a class of such inhibitors. Hemin can inhibit selectively the activity of mutagens having polycyclic structures by forming complexes with them. These effects were found with the use of bacterial assays and also by in vitro chemical experiments. A survey of porphyrins for similar effects has been done in our laboratory and it was found that chlorophyll and chlorophyllin act like hemin. These green pigments are antimutagenic in Salmonella and in Drosophila. Work from other laboratories also has supported the antimutagenic character of chlorophyllin. The possibility of modifying human exposure to carcinogens by use of these porphyrins is discussed. A porphyrin-like molecule, copper phthalocyanine trisulfonate, has been shown to have strong affinity to polycyclic compounds. Blue cotton, a cotton preparation bearing this blue pigment as a covalently bound ligand, has been demonstrated to be an adsorbent useful for isolating heterocyclic amines from food and other materials.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Lung free cells following short-term inhalation of coal fly ash particles in golden hamsters.

Male golden hamsters were exposed to coal fly ash (FA) at the concentration of 2 or 5 mg/m3 for 10 days (20 hr/day, Experiment 1) or 5 mg/m3 for 4 weeks (10 hr/day, 7 days/week) and maintained in clean air condition for subsequent 4 weeks (Experiment 2) to investigate the effect on the induced changes of lung free cells. Free cells were collected by lung lavage in Exp. 1 and histologically examined in lung sections in Exp.2. In Exp. 1 the number of alveolar macrophages (AMs) increased in a dose-dependent manner. In Exp. 2 AMs increased till at 2 weeks of exposure, while the subsequent increase did not occur. The ratio of particle-laden AMs increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner in each exposed group. Particle number ingested in AMs tended to increase with exposure time. In the recovery period in Exp. 2 the ratio of particle-laden AMs reduced from about 80 to 20% at the 1st week after the cessation of exposure and remained at the similar level to the termination of the experiment. On the other hand decrease in the number of total AMs was slight in the recovery period. These results suggest that the pool size of AMs is mainly dependent on the inhaled dust concentrations and some of particle-laden AMs remain in alveoli for a long time. The number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) also increased after inhalation of FA particles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1993

Dust inhalation system for small laboratory animals.

In order to stabilize the dust concentration for animal inhalation studies, two feedback systems were introduced. Dusts generated were passed through two cyclone separators and stored first in a storage chamber. Then they were aspirated into an ejector by compressed carrier air, mixed with filtered room air in a mixing box, and introduced into an exposure chamber. The first feedback system was for dust generation. Dusts were reaerosolized by on-off control using the output signals from a light-scattering dust detector connected to a storage chamber. The second system was for the control of compressed carrier air flow into an ejector. Compressed air flow was automatically regulated by a PID-controller in combination with a mass flow controller. The PID-controller processed continuous signals from another dust detector connected to an exposure chamber and fed control signals to a mass flow controller for regulation of the compressed air flow. This automatic control system could not only reduce hunchings of dust concentration following on-off control of a dust generator but also reduce overshooting of dust concentration in the exposure chamber following the detachment and dispersion of dusts adhering to the inner walls of the dust-supplying route. The system could also maintain a desired dust concentration in the exposure chamber for up to 180 days (20 hr/day, 7 days/week). In addition, this system could simultaneously introduce different doses of dust to other exposure chambers stably while maintaining similar size distribution of the dusts if additional identical exposure units were used. These results indicate that this dust inhalation system is suitable both for long-term studies and for investigating a dose-response relationship.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Tensile bond strength and curing gap formation of a dentin bonding resin.

Tensile bond strength and contraction gap tests were carried out using a new dentin bonding resin in association with various dentin conditioning and priming materials in vitro. For the tensile bond test, significant differences were found between the nonconditioned and conditioned dentin, and the primed and non-primed dentin surfaces. The strongest bond was obtained using a combination of phosphoric acid conditioning and priming with HEMA in glutaraldehyde at 151.3 kgf/cm2. Gap test results showed the presence of gaps in all of the test groups, but with variation in the extent of gap formation. A not significant, inverse correlation was determined between the tensile bond strength and gap tests (R = -0.65). The new bonding resin obtained good bond strengths in all cases, but high bond strengths can only be obtained with a combination of etching and priming. Similarly, the smallest gaps were associated with the etched and primed groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Use of ultrasonography in the bladder neck suspension].

From 1988 to 1992, 78 patients with genuine stress urinary incontinence underwent bladder neck suspension under ultrasonic monitoring. Tightness of suspension was adjusted by setting posterior urethrovesical angle to approximately 90 degree by transrectal ultrasonography during operation. Urinary continence was achieved in 68 of 78 patients. In the remaining 10 patients, slight incontinence recurred within 6 months after operation. In 60 patients undergoing postoperative chain cystourethrogram, the posterior urethrovesical angles set during operation were about the same as those after operation. In 39 patients undergoing uroflowmetry under the condition that micturition volume was 200 ml or more, urinary flow rate did not decrease after operation. In 20 patients whose posterior urethrovesical angles were measured by transperineal and transabdominal as well as transrectal ultrasonography, angles measured by each ultrasonography were almost identical and neither manipulation could change the configuration of the bladder neck. The posterior urethrovesical angles set during operation were kept postoperatively and provided proper tightness of the suspension suture to achieve urinary continence without any difficulty of urination. Therefore, a posterior urethrovesical angle can be set by transperineal and transabdominal ultrasonography as well as transrectal ultrasonography. While transrectal approach provides the clearest image among the three approaches, transperineal and transabdominal approach carried out with a transabdominal convex or sectorial probe are more convenient than transrectal approach which needed a special probe.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

[Rectal involvement by prostate carcinoma: a report of three cases].

We reported 3 cases of rectal involvement by locally invasive prostate carcinoma which caused an urethrorectal fistula in case 1 and a rectal stenosis in case 2 and 3. Discriminating between primary rectal carcinoma and prostate carcinoma locally invasive to the rectum is very important because of distinct differences in treatment and prognosis. To confirm the tumor origin, tumor markers, proctosigmoidscopy, computerized tomography and biopsy with immunohistochemical staining for prostate specific antigen were useful.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

[Convexity angiomatous meningiomas in a mother and a daughter without evidence of neurofibromatosis].

The convexity angiomatous meningiomas that occurred in a mother and a daughter without any evidence of neurofibromatosis (NF) were reported. The 73-year-old mother was admitted to our clinic because of an episode of generalized convulsion and a five-month history of gait disturbance. She had the signs/symptoms of intracranial hypertension and frontal lobe dysfunctions. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a left frontal enhanced mass with a small intratumoral cyst and a remarkable perifocal edema. Angiography showed tumor stain fed from the external carotid artery. Frontal craniotomy was performed and a dark red tumor was totally resected. The nodular-surfaced tumor had adhered loosely to the dura mater. The coarse vascular meshwork and an intratumoral cyst were observed on the cut surface. When the patient was discharged she was able to leave the hospital on foot, but she died of acute pancreatitis in the local hospital. Histological examination of the tumor showed rich vasculatures with focally whorl-formed cells. Most tumor cells had intracytoplasmic microcysts. The pathological diagnosis, WHO's classification, 1991, was angiomatous meningioma. The patient's 41-year-old daughter was admitted due to an episode of fainting. All laboratory data were within normal limits, including the normal karyotype of the peripheral blood leukocytes. Papilloedemata were the only signs of neurological deficit. A CT scan and magnetic resonance images showed a left frontal convexity mass and angiography displayed the tumor strains from the middle meningeal artery. The convexity meningioma similar to her mother's was totally removed. The histological diagnosis was angiomatous meningioma, again.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[A case of bilateral ectopic ureter in a male].

A 7-year-old boy was admitted for recurrent pyelonephritis. Intravenous pyelography IVP showed right hydronephrosis and normal left kidney and ureter. Cystourethroscopy revealed no ureteral orifices in the bladder but bilateral ureteral openings adjacent to the seminal colliculus. Right retrograde pyelography showed severe hydroureter and hydronephrosis. The diagnosis was bilateral ectopic ureteral opening into proximal urethra. His abnormality of ureteral opening was classified as type II in Thom's classification. Bilateral ureterocystoneostomy was performed. Only 3 cases of bilateral ectopic ureter in males have been reported in the Japanese literature.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1993

[Three cases of cystic testicular disease: simple cyst of the testis, cyst of the tunica alubuginea and mature cystic teratoma].

We experienced three cases of cystic testicular disease including simple cyst of the testis, cyst of the tunica alubuginea and mature cystic teratoma. Cystic testicular diseases have been considered rare, but increasing usage of ultrasound in the diagnosis of scrotal diseases has made them more common. Ultrasonography seemed to be useful to distinguish nonneoplastic testicular cysts (simple cyst of the testis, cyst of the tunica alubuginea) from cystic lesions of solid testicular tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Suppression of genotoxicity of carcinogens by (-)-epigallocatechin gallate.

Epidemiological evidence shows that green tea may be a factor in lowering cancer risk. We have investigated the possibility that (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major polyphenol in green tea, might be an antimutagenic substance. In the Ames Salmonella test, EGCG suppressed the direct-acting mutagenicity of 3-hydroxyamino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido-[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-2(NHOH)) and 2-hydroxyamino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-1(NHOH)), the activated forms of food-derived carcinogens 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole and 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole. EGCG was also effective in reducing the mutagenicity of Trp-P-2(NHOH) in mouse FM3A cells in culture. Furthermore, EGCG demonstrated a suppressive effect in the in vivo Drosophila mutation assays, i.e., the wing spot test, and the DNA repair test, on several carcinogens. EGCG was also effective in inhibiting DNA single-strand breaks in vitro caused by Glu-P-1(NHOH). We conclude that the mechanism of inhibition may not have resulted from direct interaction between EGCG and the mutagens, but rather from indirect interception of mutagen action by EGCG.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The genotoxicity of UVA irradiation in Drosophila melanogaster and the synergistic action of 8-methoxypsoralen and UVA.

To study the genotoxicity of near-ultraviolet light (UVA) on a whole body, Drosophila melanogaster larvae were irradiated with UVA and the emerging flies were examined for the mutant wing spot formation. The genotoxicity of UVA was also assayed with the in vivo DNA-repair test using males with repair-deficiency at the mei-9 and mei-41 locus and the matching repair-proficient females. Third-instar larvae were placed in a plastic Petri dish, which was covered with soft glass, and irradiated with black light at 4-5 W/m2. This irradiation resulted in an increase in mutant wing-hair spots. After a 15 h irradiation (approximately 240 kJ/m2), the mutant clone frequencies found in the adult flies (spots/wing) were: 1.68 for the small single spots, 0.38 for the large single spots and 0.11 for the twin spots, while at zero time they were 0.68, 0.06 and 0.02 respectively. On the other hand, the UVA irradiation was negative in the in vivo DNA-repair test, indicating that the UVA-induced DNA lesion may not be subject to repair by the mei-9 and mei-41 functions. The presence of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) during the irradiation remarkably enhanced somatic mutations, and showed a strong DNA-damaging effect in the repair test. For example, a 15 h UVA irradiation with 26.7 microM 8-MOP resulted in a 14-fold increase in the number of twin spots per wing as compared with the frequency obtained on treatment with UVA alone. Treatment of the larvae with 8-MOP alone gave no mutant clones or DNA damage. A high frequency in twin spot formation was also observed in this UVA + 8-MOP treatment, indicating that extensive chromosomal recombinations took place in the somatic cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical pathology of hypopharyngeal cancer--comparison between TN and pTN].

Seventy patients with the hypopharyngeal cancer who underwent pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy with bilateral neck dissection between 1978 and 1990 were examined retrospectively to compare TN and pTN in these patients and clarify the clinical pathology of the hypopharyngeal cancer. Among the 70 cases of hypopharyngeal cancer, there were 46 cases of piriformis sinus cancer (PSC) and 24 cases of postcricoid cancer (PCC). The pathological diagnosis of all these cases was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The following results were obtained: 1. Invasion of the thyroid gland was seen in 8 cases of PCC (33.3%) and 6 cases of PSC (13.0%). The thyroid gland can be preserved in PSC, whereas its removal is indicated in PCC. 2. Twenty-nine cases of N0 necks proved to be pN0-2b in 27 cases (93.1%) which may be controlled by homolateral neck dissection, and pN2c in 2 cases (6.9%), which requires bilateral neck dissection. On the other hand, 29 cases of N1-2b necks which represent one-sided neck metastasis were pN0-2b in 15 cases (51.7%) and pN2c in 14 cases (48.3%). These results demonstrate that N0 necks can, in the majority of cases, be controlled by homolateral neck dissection alone but that N1-2b necks require bilateral neck dissection. 3. Occult neck metastases were observed in PCC more often than in PSC, because paratracheal metastases of PCC were difficult to expose before surgery. 4. Pathological neck metastases of both PSC and PCC were most commonly situated in the superior and middle internal jugular nodes. Paratracheal metastases of PCC was found pathologically in 10 cases (41.7%). Paratracheal nodes must be dissected meticulously during the resection of PCC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Adjuvant chemotherapy for invasive bladder cancer. Multicenter study].

During 2 years and 10 months from November 1985 to September 1988, 50 patients with invasive bladder cancer (pT2-4, pN0-2, M0) were treated with total cystectomy followed by adjuvant combination chemotherapy including cis-platinum. In addition, so-called immunopotentiator (OK-432) and Kanpo (Juzentaihoto: TJ-48) were given to the patients in a random fashion to evaluate whether or not these agents had any significant effect on patients' prognosis. The 3- and 5-year survival rates for 48 evaluable patients were 71% and 67%, respectively. Histologic grade of primary tumors and number of cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy administered had a significant correlation to patients' survival: patients with grade 2 anaplasia had a better 3- and 5-year survival rates than those with grade 3 anaplasia, and patients receiving 3 or more cycles of chemotherapy had a better 3-year survival rate than those with 2 or less cycles. pT and pN categories also affected patients' survival, though not statistically significant. Administration of OK-432 or TJ-48 and pre-operative treatment such as irradiation and intra-arterial chemotherapy had no favourable effects on the survival. Side effects of the adjuvant chemotherapy were minimal to moderate and more than 70% of the patients tolerated at least 3 cycles of chemotherapy. It is likely that adjuvant chemotherapy, when given in a post-operative setting, should be repeated at least 3 cycles or more.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Matlystatins, new inhibitors of typeIV collagenases from Actinomadura atramentaria. I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, and physico-chemical properties of matlystatin-group compounds.

During the course of a screening for inhibitors of typeIV collagenases, new metabolites, designated matlystatins, have been isolated from an actinomycete strain, which was identified as a strain of Actinomadura atramentaria. Matlystatins were composed of five congeners, which were separated and purified by n-butanol extraction and chromatography.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1992

[A case of staphylococcal enterocolitis caused by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus].

Recently, the frequency of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has been increasing. We experienced a case of postoperative enterocolitis due to MRSA. The patient was an 81-year-old male with benign prostatic hypertrophy. Urine leakage from the penrose drain tube appeared 1 day after suprapubic prostatectomy. We had used intravenous infusion of antibiotic agents including cefodizine (CDZM), imipenem (IPM/CS) and cefmetazol (CMZ). He developed severe diarrhea, high fever, oliguria, leg edema and ascites 24 days after the operation. MRSA was detected from his feces. Toxic shock syndrome toxin-I (TSST-I) was produced by this bacteria the coagulase type of which was type II. The patient was treated with oral vancomycin (1 g/day), to which this bacteria showed sensitivity and the patient showed, improvement, including symptoms, leucocytosis and serum CRP level 12 days after administration of vancomycin.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

[Primary carcinoma in situ of the ureter: a case report].

A 47-year-old man presented with gross hematuria and left lower abdominal dull pain of 6-weeks duration. Cystoscopic examination revealed bloody efflux from the left ureteral orifice but no tumor in the bladder. Retrograde pyelogram showed irregular stricture of middle portion of the left ureter. Cytologic studies of the voided urine and left ureteral urine were positive for cancer, and nephro-ureterectomy with excision of a bladder cuff was carried out. The surgical specimen showed no intraluminal mass but histologically, transitional cell carcinoma in situ with G3 anaplasia and squamous metaplasia was found in the narrowed portion of the ureter. Followup examinations, including exfoliative urinary cytology, cystoscopy and IVP revealed no abnormalities until intravesical recurrence was confirmed 34 months later. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor was performed and superficial papillary transitional cell carcinoma with G2 anaplasia was found in the trigone of the bladder. Followup examinations for the last one year have revealed no abnormalities.

Carcinoma in Situ↗