Pancreatic elastase-1-producing B-cell lymphoma.
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Humans↗
Biomedical subjects
T Nakashima
Publications and source records attributed to T Nakashima.
Measurements of pO2 in vivo, including human subjects, by electron paramagnetic resonance.
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Animals↗
Immunocytochemical localization of antigens in adult worms of Trichinella spiralis recognized by Fischer rats.
We demonstrate the tissue localization, in adult Trichinella spiralis, of antigens recognized by Fischer rat sera at 32 weeks postinfection. Immunodominant antigens were located in a wide variety of tissues, including type 1 stichocyte granules, stichocyte cytoplasm, the canalicular tree, hemolymph, hypodermis, hypodermal glands, cord cytoplasm, intestinal-gland cell granules, membranous structures in the midgut epithelium, midgut-occupying substance, brush border, hindgut epithelial cytoplasm, hindgut cuticle, vaginal cuticle, epithelial cytoplasm of the female genital tract, microvilli and discrete areas of the ovum, embryo sheath, intersperm space, discrete areas in immature sperm, small granules and cup-shaped membrane structures of sperm, and exocrine granules in the seminal vesicle and ejaculatory duct. A small amount of antigen was located in the inner layers of the genital portion of the body cuticle. The precise localization of antigens in adult worms should form a basis for better analysis of T. spiralis-related immunology.
Animals↗
Use of a remote controlled radiotherapy afterloading system to manage unresectable, metastatic thyroid cancer in the trachea.
We treated a 66-year-old Japanese woman with metastasis from thyroid papillary adenocarcinoma to mediastinal lymph nodes that obstructed the airway by its extensions towards the tracheal carina. Since the patient suffered from severe dyspnea, an endotracheal intubation was inserted and endotracheal radiotherapy was done using a remote controlled afterloading system. The obstruction mass in the trachea almost disappeared and there has been no evidence of regrowth during a follow-up period fo more than 3 years. The patient's management is now detailed.
Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions as a prognostic indicator of laryngeal carcinomas.
Nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) were studied in surgically removed specimens from 76 patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx using an argyrophilic (Ag) staining technique. The mean number of AgNORs per nucleus was 4.3 +/- 1.38 (SD). The mean AgNOR number for T1 or T2 disease was statistically lower than that for T3 or T4 lesions (P < 0.05). The mean AgNOR number was lower in patients with N0 disease than in patients with N1 or N2 or N3 tumors (P < 0.05). There was also a statistically significant difference between the mean AgNOR number for stage II and stage III disease (P < 0.01), for stage III and stage IV disease (P < 0.05), but not for stage I and stage II disease. According to the histological grading, there was a significant difference between the mean AgNOR number for the well-differentiated and moderately differentiated tumors (P < 0.05), and for the moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated types (P < 0.01). These results suggest that the number of AgNORs in the nucleus is a significant indicator of laryngeal carcinomas.
Adult↗
A survey of the pattern of glandular distribution in the larynges of human infants.
We studied the development of glandular structures and the pattern of distribution of serous and mucous-type glands in the larynges of 77 human infants obtained at autopsy. The subglottic larynx was subjected to quantitative and qualitative analysis, using an image binarization procedure. The areas of mucosa and inner space of the subglottic larynx tended to increase with age. The area occupied by the glands differed considerably in younger infants and the areas of total glands and serous-type glands increased with age. There was no correlation between the area of the mucous glands and age. These findings indicate that local immune function of the secretory glandular system in the larynx of human infants increases with advancing age.
Adolescent↗
Preliminary findings of chromosomal alterations and expression of cell cycle genes in head an neck tumors.
The genesis and progression of malignant tumors may be related to certain somatic mutations and the accumulation of multiple chromosomal alterations. Using four freshly resected malignant tumors, we investigated the relationship between chromosomal alteration and expression of cell cycle regulatory genes. Specimens of thyroid hyperplasia and normal thyroid tissue were also investigated. As cell cycle regulating genes, we chose the cdc2 gene that encodes the p34cdc2 protein kinase, a major kinase of the cell cycle, and the RCC1 gene that is essential for coupling between S and M phases. Three of the malignant tumors contained cells with chromosomal alterations, including one polyploid and two aneuploid. The DNA content of cells in thyroid hyperplasia was the same as in the normal gland. The amount of p34cdc2 protein was very low in cells of both normal thyroid and hyperplastic tissue, and grew very slowly as compared with malignant tumors. There was no significant relationship between the amount of RCC1 and ploidy pattern.
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗
Negative chronotropic and inotropic responses to nicotine in rat right and left atria.
1. Comparison between the chronotropic and inotropic effects induced by nicotine in the right and left atrial muscles of rat was investigated. 2. Nicotine (300 microM and 1 mM) significantly produced negative chronotropic and inotropic effects in the right atrium. The effects were concentration-dependent, and reached a maximum about 30 sec after nicotine administration (1 mM). The responses were attenuated with time even during exposure to nicotine (desensitization). 3. In the left atrium, nicotine (300 microM and 1 mM) caused a negative inotropic effect. The depression was decreased with an increase in the frequencies of stimulation (1-3 Hz). The negative inotropic effect reached a maximum at approx. 60 sec later. 4. Nicotine (1 mM) caused a greater negative inotropic response in the right atrium than in the left atrium by 23% (stimulated at 3 Hz). The effects were not modified by atropine (1 microM) and hexamethonium (1 mM). 5. There was no difference between single and cumulative administrations of nicotine in both right and left atrial muscles. 6. These results suggest that the negative chronotropic and inotropic effects of nicotine may be due mainly to a direct action on the cell membrane of rat atria, accompanied with down regulation of nicotinic ACh receptors. The difference between the right and left atria could result from a different innervation of the autonomic nervous system.
Action Potentials↗
Structural dynamics of neural plasticity in the supraoptic nucleus of the rat hypothalamus during dehydration and rehydration.
It has been known that magnocellular neuroendocrine cells (MNCs) of mammalian hypothalamus show structural plasticity in response to chronic osmotic stimulation. In this study, we investigated the relationships among plasma osmolarity and several structural changes such as alterations of soma size, juxtaposition, and synapses of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) in the rat hypothalamus during dehydration and rehydration. Male rats were osmotically stimulated by supplying with 2% NaCl solution instead of tap water for 10 days, and then they were rehydrated with tap water. Plasma osmolarity was gradually elevated with progress of salt loading and returned to control level on the seventh day of rehydration. Both the percentage of membrane contact (juxtaposition) and the soma size of MNCs were increased in response to the rise of plasma osmolarity, and decreased to control level on the seventh day of rehydration. The number of synapses including both single synapses and multiple synapses per 100 microns soma membrane was lower than control on the fifth day of dehydration, but it was not different from controls on the tenth day of dehydration, and on the seventh and fourteenth day of rehydration. The total number of synapses per 100 microns soma membrane, the synaptic density, was maintained relatively constant, although soma size was progressively changed during dehydration or rehydration. This synaptic reorganization seems to be mainly regulated by synaptic sprouting during dehydration and by degradation of synapses during rehydration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Not only osmotic stress but also repeated restraint stress causes structural plasticity in the supraoptic nucleus of the rat hypothalamus.
Magnocellular neuroendocrine cells (MNCs) in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus have been known to undergo dramatic structural changes during chronic stimulation such as osmotic stress. In the present study, we examined whether this anatomical neural plasticity is associated with an another stress, such as restraint. Rats were chronically stimulated by either dehydration with 2% saline drinking instead of water or daily restraint with leg immobilization. The structural reorganizations of MNCs in the SON were analyzed morphometrically with use of light and electron microscopy. The results were compared to control animals that had free access to water and food. In restraint rats, the soma size of both oxytocin (OXT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) neurons was enlarged, and the percent of soma-somatic/dendritic membrane contact (juxtaposition) was elevated significantly. The number of total synapses per 100 microns soma membrane was not changed, although soma profiles were enlarged. However, the number of multiple synapses (which contacted with more than one postsynaptic element) per 100 microns soma membrane was significantly increased. Similar structural changes were observed in dehydrated animals, and the degree of morphological changes was stronger than the restraint one. These findings indicate that NMCs undergo structural plasticity during not only osmotic stress but also restraint stress.
Animals↗
Effects of vasodilating agents on cochlear blood flow in mice.
The mouse has several distinct advantages as an experimental model for study of the cochlear blood flow (CBF) in the mammal, particularly for studies involving genetic manipulation, development and aging factors. In this investigation we evaluated the effects of selected vasodilating agents on CBF using laser-Doppler flowmetry. Sodium nitroprusside, hydralazine and pentoxifylline were applied topically on the round window (RW) or systemically by a subcutaneous injection. Topical application of sodium nitroprusside and hydralazine elevated CBF significantly, while systemic administrations of these two drugs failed to elevate CBF consistently. Pentoxifylline did not change CBF following topical application but increased CBF slightly following systemic administration. Age and gender did not influence the CBF response to topical application of sodium nitroprusside.
Administration, Topical↗
Crystal adherence to urinary catheter materials in rats.
Crystal adherence to the surfaces of indwelling urinary catheter materials was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence method. Small sterile disks were inserted into the rat bladder transvesically. Crystals were frequently associated with fibrillar material, some of which was believed to be fibrin. Increases in fibrillar materials were paralleled by increases in crystal adherence. On the other hand, a decrease in the amount of fibrin adhering to the surfaces of heparinized material, resulting in a decrease in the quantity of encrusting deposits on these materials, was found as compared with other catheter materials, including latex, silicone and nonheparinized material. These findings suggest that early adherence of fibrin to the surfaces of indwelling urinary catheter materials plays an important role in the development of crystal adherence and encrustation on catheter materials. It is also suggested that heparin inhibits the adherence of fibrin, resulting in decreased encrustation on the surfaces of the heparinized material.
Adhesiveness↗
Energy dependence of analyzing power Ay and cross section for p+d scattering below 18 MeV.
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Journal Article↗
Effects of aging on acute toxicity of nicotine in rats.
Acute toxicity of nicotine was examined in old (24 months) and young (6 weeks) Wistar rats. There were no significant age differences in the mortality and convulsive responses induced by an intraperitoneal injection of nicotine (24.5 mg/kg). The lethal nicotine levels in blood and cortex and the latent period to death in old rats were larger than those in young rats. Cortical and blood nicotine levels 15 min. after the nicotine injection in old rats were also higher than those in young rats. Nicotine significantly increased dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid levels in striatum and hippocampus in young rats, but not those in old rats. Moreover, nicotine-induced elevations in blood levels of corticosterone in old rats were also less than those in young rats. On the other hand, the cytochrome P-450 content, the nicotine oxidase activity and the flavin-containing monooxygenase activity in liver showed age-related decreases in the young, the middle-aged (12 months) and the old rats. These results indicate that the acute toxicity of nicotine in old rats reflects the decreases in hepatic nicotine metabolism and in brain sensitivity to nicotine.
Aging↗
[Molecular diversity and properties of brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptor].
To date, cDNA studies and purification of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have shown that there are many different subtypes of the receptors in the central and peripheral nervous systems. This review focuses on the animal and avian brain nAChRs, their diversity, pharmacological properties, distribution and regulation. nAChR subtypes are classified as alpha beta types and alpha-bungarotoxin binding proteins. Each subtype contains two or more subunits. Each subunit combination leads to a distinct pattern of sensitivity to nicotinic agonists in reconstituted systems of Xenopus oocytes. Nicotine has been shown to increase the levels of intracellular free Ca through both nAChR types. The mRNAs for each subunit are uniquely expressed in animal and avian brains, although beta 2 is expressed in most regions of the brains. This shows somewhat overlapping patterns of gene expression. Monoclonal antibodies against each subunit make it possible to investigate the distribution of the subunits in brains and neurons. nAChRs have been shown to be regulated by nicotine administration and phosphorylation of the receptors. The regulatory mechanisms have been extensively studied, but still remain obscure. The structural and functional diversity of neuronal nAChRs is probably important in nicotine addiction, tolerance and reverse tolerance.
Animals↗
Calphostin C, a potent and specific inhibitor of protein kinase C, reduces phorbol ester-induced but not primary Ca(2+)-induced catecholamine secretion from digitonin-permeabilized bovine adrenal medullary cells.
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Adrenal Medulla↗
[Effect of training on the strength of cervical muscle].
The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of concentric and eccentric training on the strength of cervical muscle. The subjects were 18 adult males of whom 6 were exposed to concentric training, 6 were exposed to eccentric training, and 6 were exposed to control. Training intensity was the exertion of maximum isotonic strength on the extension, flexion, left bending and right bending of the neck. All training exercises for concentric and eccentric groups were given 10 times a set, 3 sets in a day, 3 times a week for 8 weeks. The changes in the strength of cervical muscle and in the girth of neck due to muscular training were measured regularly once a week. The results were as follows: 1) Maximum isometric strength increased significantly (p < 0.001) by 37.8% in concentric training group, and 39.6% in eccentric training group. No significant difference of strength increase was observed between concentric and eccentric training group. There was a significant decrease in the strength of cervical muscle in the early stage of muscular training, accompanied by severe muscle fatigue, but a remarkable increase in strength due to concentric and eccentric training was observed during the 8 weeks. 2) The girth of neck increased significantly (p < 0.001) by 4.9% in concentric training group, and 5.5% in eccentric training group. Significant difference of girth increase was observed after 3 and 4 weeks of muscular training of cervical muscle, meanwhile the girth of neck increased slightly by 1.3% in control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adolescent↗
Estimated annual number of patients treated for sensorineural hearing loss in Japan. Results of a nationwide epidemiological survey in 1987.
We mailed questionnaires to 98 university hospitals and 939 hospitals with 200 beds or more throughout Japan asking for information on patients treated for sensorineural hearing loss between January 1 and December 31, 1987. The number of patients treated for sensorineural hearing loss in 1987 in Japan was estimated 13,900-19,600, ii) idiopathic bilateral progressive sensorineural hearing loss 13,900-19,600, ii) idiopathic bilateral progressive sensorineural hearing loss in 800-2,000, iii) perilymphatic fistula in 200-310, iv) mumps deafness in 200-400, and v) unilateral profound deafness in 2,000-3,000. Sex ratio (men over women) was 0.9 in sudden deafness and mumps deafness, 1.1 in idiopathic bilateral progressive sensorineural hearing loss and 1.5 in perilymphatic fistula. Patients were distributed with a definite peak from 50 to 59 years old in sudden deafness, from 30 to 39 years old in perilymphatic fistula, and two apparent peaks in teenagers and those aged 60-69 years in idiopathic bilateral progressive sensorineural hearing loss.
Adolescent↗