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Biomedical subjects

T Nakada

Publications and source records attributed to T Nakada.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Analysis of regional norepinephrine content in the rabbit bladder after acute electrical pelvic floor stimulation.

Experiments were carried out to evaluate the regional norepinephrine (NE) content of the rabbit bladder after acute electrical pelvic floor stimulation (EPFS). After 30 minutes of EPFS, the content of NE increased significantly in both the bladder base and body (p < 0.05). Furthermore, this increased NE content continued for 1 to 2 hours after cessation of stimulation. The content of NE in the bladder base and body in rabbits treated with alpha-methyl-paratyrosine (AMT) was lower than in the control group. Application of EPFS increased NE content in the bladder even in animals pretreated with AMT. Based on these findings, during EPFS the hypogastric nerve would be presumed to play a significant role in bladder inhibition. Increased synthesis of NE probably did not play an important role in elevation of NE content after EPFS.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Clinicopathological analysis of 19 cases of isolated carcinoma in situ of the bronchus.

Nineteen cases of isolated squamous cell carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the bronchus were described clinicopathologically from among 149 male heavy smokers with roentgenographically occult lung cancer discovered mainly by mass screening performed from 1982 to 1991. All 19 patients had positive sputum cytology tests and negative chest x-ray films and underwent lobectomy (except one who had segmentectomy because of poor lung function). Prior to operation, localization was accomplished by one to eight bronchoscopies using repetitive brush cytology and biopsy. Five cases were bronchoscopically invisible. Polypoid protuberance was noted in three cases, micronodular swelling in three, thickening of spur in five, and mucosal granularity in three. Histology by serial block sectioning showed that there was no nodal involvement in any cases; the maximum length or diameter was 12 mm. Thirteen tumors were < or = 4 mm, four of which were confined to the spur where they occurred. Follow-up data showed a favorable prognosis. Segmentectomy or sleeve resection of bronchus without mediastinal lymph node dissection may be adequate for CIS.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Guanidinoethane sulfate: brain pH alkaline shifter.

A new category of agents, brain pH alkaline shifters, is described. Using the prototype agent, guanidinoethane sulfate (GES), the actual alkaline shift in pH was demonstrated in adult mice brain by 31-phosphorus (31P) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in vivo spectroscopy. This alkaline shift was also shown to effectively reduce the extent of brain intracellular lactic acidosis brought about by anoxic insult. These findings support the notion that a pH alkaline shift may protect the brain against the deleterious effects of lactic acidosis. Since higher pH has been shown to significantly reduce beta-amyloid deposition, alkaline shifters may also have therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease.

Alkalies↗
PubMed1993

Preliminary Tl-201 SPECT for assessment of treatment efficacy in three patients with pancreatic cancer.

To evaluate treatment efficacy, Tl-201 SPECT was performed in three patients with pancreatic cancer. In all of the patients, the degree of Tl-201 uptake by tumor, evaluated from the tumor-liver uptake ratio of Tl-201 activity, correlated well with alterations in serum level of a tumor marker (CA 19-9, DUPAN-2) after treatment. One of the patients showed no tumor shrinkage on CT after treatment; however, Tl-201 SPECT demonstrated reduced uptake in the tumor coupled with a decreased level of CA 19-9. These results suggest that Tl-201 SPECT may become a new tool for assessing the efficacy of treatment in pancreatic cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Histopathologic evidence for cardiomyopathy in a child with mitral valve prolapse.

An intriguing relationship between idiopathic mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and cardiomyopathy has been reported in adult cases of MVP. This paper reports a girl with idiopathic MVP, who presented with progressive cardiomegaly and cardiomyopathic findings or, cardiac biopsy; right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy at the age of 15 years showed myocardial hypertrophy, disarray, myocardial degeneration, interstitial fibrosis and endocardial thickening. To our knowledge, this is the first case of idiopathic MVP in childhood that has been shown to have positive biopsy findings for cardiomyopathy.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1993

Effect of transurethral resection of prostate on plasma hormone levels in benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Circulating levels of pituitary and adrenal hormones were measured in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia before and after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). TURP caused a significant increase in plasma LH levels 2 weeks and 3 weeks after surgery. The plasma prolactin level decreased significantly 3 weeks after prostatectomy but plasma concentrations of FSH and ACTH were unchanged. TURP did not alter circulating levels of aldosterone, cortisol, DHEA-S and testosterone. These data suggest that the human prostate has a role in regulating the pituitary secretion of LH and prolactin.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1993

Early-enhancing pseudolesion in medial segment of left hepatic lobe detected with multisection dynamic MR.

On multisection dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained in the arterial-dominant phase, the authors have occasionally noted the presence of an early-enhancing pseudolesion, which is not a hypervascular tumor, in the medial segment of the left hepatic lobe. Multisection dynamic MR imaging was performed in 185 patients with suspected liver disease. A suspect early-enhancing pseudolesion was present in six of the 185 patients. In all six patients, the pseudolesion was located in the subcapsular portion adjacent to the porta hepatis in the medial segment of the left hepatic lobe. Corroborative and follow-up studies failed to demonstrate any evidence of a pathologic condition, therefore justifying the term "pseudolesion." Radiologists should be aware of the possibility of the presence of this early-enhancing pseudolesion in this typical location on multisection dynamic MR images, because such a finding may be misinterpreted as a true lesion.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Polyps of the prostatic urethra. Report of four cases.

We described 4 cases of polyps of the prostatic urethra. Three of them had adenomatous polyp with prostatic epithelium and 1 showed polypoid urethritis. These lesions were worth noting as a cause of hematuria, dysuria or hematospermia. Polyps or papillary lesions of the prostatic urethra appear to be more common than have been suspected. Careful attention should be paid to the prostatic urethra in patients with persistent painless hematuria.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Unilateral diffuse adrenal hyperplasia masquerading as aldosterone-producing adenoma in primary hyperaldosteronism.

We report a case of primary hyperaldosteronism due to unilateral diffuse hyperplasia. Unilateral adrenalectomy resulted in an improvement of hypertension and hyperaldosteronism. Six months after surgery, the plasma aldosterone level and plasma renin activity remained normal, but blood pressure returned to an abnormally high level. We have reviewed the literature and discuss the pathogenesis of this disorder.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1993

Schwannoma of the penis.

A schwannoma located in the penile shaft in a 74-year-old patient is described. A review of the schwannoma of the penis is presented and the importance of the S-100 protein stain is stressed.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Reproductive insufficiency in the male rat with adenine-induced chronic renal failure.

The effect of adenine-induced chronic renal failure on the male reproductive system was studied using male Wistar rats. On the 30th experimental day, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen were elevated in adenine-treated rats. Body weight ratio of the testes and serum levels of gonadotropins (luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone) in adenine-treated rats were similar to those in the controls. Serum testosterone level was reduced in adenine-induced uremic rats, but serum concentrations of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione were increased in the uremic group. These results suggest that adenine-induced chronic renal failure reduces testicular function by suppressing 17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase which converts androstenedione to testosterone.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1993

Anorchia associated with gonadotropin deficiency.

We report an anorchic patient with normal male phenotype and 46,XY karyotype. Plasma levels of gonadotropins and testosterone were abnormally low. Administration of human chorionic gonadotropin caused no increase in plasma testosterone, and injection of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone resulted in a lack of plasma gonadotropin response. Sex-determining region Y was detected by DNA studies of peripheral white blood cells. Laparoscopy revealed absence of testis, Wolffian and Müllerian derivatives. We discuss the embryology and hormone condition in an anorchic patient.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Quantitative analysis of bone metastasis in prostate cancer.

A new method of quantitative analysis of bone metastasis in prostate cancer is described. By using a variance-dependent filter and a smoothing filter, the increased uptake lesions were distinctly demonstrated on the bone scintigraphy. The images were divided into several areas and analyzed. These procedures resulted in a clear identification of the metastatic lesions. Repeated measurements of the metastatic areas from the same scintigrams disclosed a high reproducibility. This method appears to be highly consistent and clinically applicable.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Technique of percutaneous electrode implantation for electrical pelvic floor stimulation.

A modified technique of electrical pelvic floor stimulation is described in detail. Six patients suffering from detrusor urinary incontinence underwent percutaneous electrode implantation for electrical pelvic floor stimulation. By this procedure adequate muscle contraction was obtained with a significant rise in urethral closure pressure. Detrusor reflex thresholds were increased in 5 of 6 patients at the initial stimulation. Percutaneous implantation appears to be an easy and noninvasive technique. This method provides stable and adequate effects on the pelvic floor structure and may be used in chronic electrical stimulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Lesions preceding squamous cell carcinoma of the bronchus and multicentricity of canceration--serial slicing of minute lung cancers smaller than 1 mm.

A total of ten minute squamous cell carcinomas smaller than 1 mm were found in surgical lung specimens from 108 patients who had roentgenographically occult lung cancer. These minute lesions were detected by submitting, in all the 108 specimens, the whole bronchial tree to 2-mm-thick sequential transverse slicing which was then followed by microscopic examination of each slice on an H-E stained section. When a focus of minute carcinoma was found, the slice was further serially sectioned to study whether there were such carcinoma-related lesions as dysplasia or other atypical changes of epithelia, and when there were, the spatial relation of these with the carcinoma. It was demonstrated that all the minute carcinomas were closely associated with either dysplasia or what we call "basal cells with marked atypia", cells with markedly enlarged nuclei arranged in linear fashion on the basement membrane. The contiguity of these changes with minute carcinoma strongly suggested that they are lesions preceding overt carcinoma. Also, there were some minute foci of carcinoma, which, though not involving the entire epithelial thickness, proved to have already begun microinvasion.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

A convenient and inexpensive chemo-radiosensitivity assay for lung cancer cells using Terasaki's microplate.

We devised a simple in vitro sensitivity test for lung cancer cells using Terasaki's microplate. We used the test to screen for sensitivity to various carcinostatic drugs and radiation, and to determine the optimum method of administration. This assay has been used in routine clinical examinations because about 40% of non-small cell carcinoma and 80% of small cell carcinoma of the lung can be subcultured. We describe here our patients who underwent treatment, various sensitivity tests and the preparation of an optimal course of treatment based upon the results of the sensitivity tests. Cells were placed in primary culture as previously described for short-term selective culture, and 2nd-3rd generation subcultured cells were transferred to individual wells of Terasaki's microplates for various sensitivity tests. After culture for 10 days, the effect was evaluated using 0.1% iodonitrotetrazolium (INT). This test permits a variety of sensitivity tests and various studies of clinical models of intensive treatment to be performed conveniently and reproducibly, because subcultured cancer cells are used. Another advantage is that these cells can be applied to basic investigations, including the preparation of monoclonal antibodies and chromosomes, DNA ploidy and oncogene studies.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗