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Biomedical subjects

T Nakabayashi

Publications and source records attributed to T Nakabayashi.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Possible conversion of axonemal microtubules to pellicular microtubules in Trypanosoma gambiense treated with vinblastine, colchicine plus concanavalin A.

The effects of vinblastine alone and in combination with vinblastine, colchicine and concanavalin A on microtubules of Trypanosoma gambiense cultured in vitro were studied ultrastructurally. Trypanosomes treated with vinblastine at 20 micrograms/ml, showed fusion of the extracellular flagellum with the plasma membrane of the parasite. As a result, the axoneme with the paraxial rod in the extracellular flagellum was taken into the cytoplasm. Although the axonemal and pellicular microtubules in T. gambiense differ in function and origin, the axonemal microtubules of the extracellular flagellum that was taken into the cytoplasm could be converted to pellicular microtubules by treatment with a combination of vinblastine (20 micrograms/ml), concanavalin A (10 micrograms/ml) and colchicine (100 micrograms/ml).

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Successful treatment of Diphyllobothrium latum and Taenia saginata infection by intraduodenal 'Gastrografin' injection.

Tapeworm infections are very difficult to cure completely. Thirteen patients with tapeworm infection, seven with Diphyllobothrium latum and six with Taenia saginata, were treated by the introduction of a radio-opaque contrast medium, 'Gastrografin', into the duodenum through a duodenal tube. The whole tapeworm with the scolex was expelled unfragmented within 1 h in eleven cases. One patient expelled a tapeworm 3 days after treatment; the peristalsis of his intestine had been severely disturbed after an attack of cerebral apoplexy. The tapeworm could not be expelled by the remaining patient, probably because she had severe intestinal adhesion. The injection of gastrografin allowed clear visualisation of the tapeworm, the diagnosis of the infection could be confirmed, and the descent of the tapeworm could be observed serially. This treatment had no serious adverse effects in any of out patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Alkaline phosphodiesterase I release from eucaryotic plasma membranes by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. II. The release from brush border membranes of porcine intestine.

Ectoenzyme release from porcine intestinal brush border membranes by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C of Bacillus thuringiensis was studied. Alkaline phosphodiesterase I, alkaline phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase were released from both slices and brush border membranes. The pattern of alkaline phosphodiesterase I release was the same as that of alkaline phosphatase. The release of alkaline phosphodiesterase I induced by phospholipase C was dependent on, or proportional to, the reaction time and the concentration of phospholipase C. The Arrhenius plot for phosphodiesterase I release showed a single break at 30 degrees C for brush border membranes. Only 40% of alkaline phosphodiesterase I present in the brush border membranes were solubilized by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C treatment. The data indicate the presence of two forms of phosphodiesterase I, which are different in their sensitivity to phospholipase C. The released alkaline phosphodiesterase I had a molecular weight of 240,000 and was activated by Mg2+ and Ca2+, but strongly inhibited by EDTA.

5'-Nucleotidase↗
PubMed1986

Cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum using animal serum (horse, calf and bovine) as human serum substitute.

Horse, calf and bovine serum were successfully used as human serum substitutes in the in vitro cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum. Positive results were obtained only after gradually adapting the parasites to the substitute serum. Adapted lines were established within 4-5 weeks. 10% horse serum was observed to be the best substitute with growth rates comparable or even surprising that obtained in human serum. Pure calf or bovine serum supported stable growths of 20-30% less which was enhanced to comparable levels after addition of 1% glucose-peptone to the medium. Direct transfers of adapted cultures to human serum showed enhanced growth rates. Lower growth rates of adapted cultures (i.e. horse serum-adapted cultures) in other substitute sera (i.e. calf or bovine sera) were improved in subsequent subcultures. Similarly, there were no adverse effects when they were returned back to the substitute serum they were originally adapted to.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Alkaline phosphodiesterase I release from eucaryotic plasma membranes by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. I. The release from rat organs.

From various rat organs, alkaline phosphodiesterase I was liberated by the action of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis. Especially, a large amount of alkaline phosphodiesterase I was released from slices of small intestine, testis, lung, and kidney, but not from pancreas and liver. The release of the enzyme induced by phospholipase C was dependent on, or proportional to, the reaction time and the concentrations of the phospholipase C and the weight of the slices of small intestine or testis. Furthermore, little enzyme was released from the homogenate of pancreas. These results suggest an important role of phosphatidylinositol in the binding of alkaline phosphodiesterase I to the plasma membranes of rat small intestine and pancreas. The alkaline phosphodiesterase I released from slices of rat small intestine and testis had a molecular weight of about 240,000, and was activated by Mg2+ and Ca2+ but inhibited by EDTA. The enzyme hydrolyzed the phosphodiester linkage of p-nitrophenyl-thymidine 5'-monophosphate at pH 8.9, having the Km values of 0.36 mM (small intestine) and 0.25 mM (testis). The intestinal enzyme differed from the testis enzyme in pI values, thermostability, and Arrhenius plot having a single breakpoint.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Circulating forms of somatostatinlike immunoreactivity in human plasma.

Circulating forms of somatostatinlike immunoreactivity (SLI) in humans were characterized using several chromatographic techniques. After gelfiltration chromatography on Bio-Gel P-6 columns greater than 90% of circulating SLI was of high molecular weight (MW) and eluted in the void volume. When plasma samples were passed through protein A-Sepharose columns, more than 85% of the high MW SLI was removed, indicating that this form of plasma SLI is mainly due to cross-reacting immunoglobulins. Extraction of 10-ml plasma samples from normal subjects on octadecyl silyl silica cartridges eliminated the high MW material. In addition, this extraction technique concentrated the two lower MW forms of SLI, which coelute on gel filtration chromatography with somatostatin-28 (S-28) and the tetradecapeptide form of somatostatin (S-14), respectively. Extracted plasma SLI was further analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results confirmed the identity of S-28 and demonstrated that S-14 is converted, in part, to Des-Alasomatostatin (S-13) following secretion into the circulation. At least four forms of SLI are thus present in human plasma: cross-reacting immunoglobulins, S-28, S-14, and S-13. Concentrations of SLI forms in the plasma of normal controls and patients with renal failure or cirrhosis were measured to assess the role of circulating somatostatin in health and disease. High MW SLI was elevated above normal in the plasma of patients with cirrhosis, but was not significantly elevated in patients with chronic renal failure. On the other hand, concentrations of plasma S-28 and S-13/14 (total concentrations of S-13 plus S-14) were elevated in patients with either chronic renal failure or cirrhosis.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1986

[A randomized trial with various combinations of cis-platinum (CDDP), mitomycin C (MMC), peplomycin (PEP) and ftorafur (FT) in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer].

From March 1983 to February 1985, we treated 74 patients (pts) with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer. Twenty-seven pts with squamous cell carcinoma were randomized between regimen PMP (CDDP 60 mg/m2, d 1, MMC 6 mg/m2, d 3, d 10 and PEP 5 mg/m2, d 3-7) and regimen PM (CDDP 60 mg/m2, d 1 and MMC 6 mg/m2, d 3, d 10). Forty-seven pts with adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma were randomized between regimen PMF (CDDP 60 mg/m2, d 1, MMC 6 mg/m2, d 3, d 10 and FT 800 mg/body, d 3-21) and regimen PM. The response rates of evaluable cases (EC) were as follows: Squamous cell carcinoma; Regimen PMP 50% (1 CR + 4 PR/10 EC). Regimen PM 40% (4 PR/10 EC). Adenocarcinoma plus large cell carcinoma; Regimen PMF 13.6% (3 PR/22 EC). Regimen PM 11.1% (2 PR/18 EC). The median survival time (MST) was increased from 23 weeks in non-responders to 32 weeks in responders. However, the difference between the survival curves for responders and non-responders was not statistically significant. Of the toxic effects shown in all 74 registered pts, hematological (64.9%), gastrointestinal (60.8%) and renal (31.1%) toxicities were the common complications. We concluded that regimen PMP was more useful than regimen PM for pts with squamous cell carcinoma but that regimen PMF demonstrated no appreciable difference, compared with regimen PM for pts with adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Acid ATPase from chicken liver lysosomes. III. A metal ion-activated ATPase combines with membranous phosphatidylinositol.

A metal ion-activated acid ATPase was present in chicken liver lysosomes. We used Zn2+ as an activator. Lysosomal extract containing octylglucoside from chicken liver was centrifuged at 100,000 xg for 60 min. The supernatant was analyzed by gel filtration on a Sepharose 6B column. Two peaks of metal ion-activated acid ATPase activities were obtained according to the distribution patterns. Each of the two active fractions was incubated with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C at 37 degrees C for 60 min. The resulting solution was analyzed by gel filtration on a smaller size column of Sepharose 6B again. Molecular weight of the major peak was altered from approx. 1,600,000 to 130,000, whereas that of the minor one, 700,000, remained unchanged.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1986

[A phase II study of intravenous VP-16-213 in small cell and non-small cell carcinoma of the lung].

A phase II clinical trial of VP-16-213 was carried out in 71 patients with small cell and non-small cell carcinoma of the lung. Forty-eight evaluable cases consisted of 36 small cell carcinomas, 7 epidermoid carcinomas, 4 adenocarcinomas and one unclassified carcinoma. VP-16-213 was administered by drip infusion at dosages of 60-100mg/m2/day for 5-consecutive days at 3-4 week intervals. Twelve of 36 (33.3%) small cell carcinomas had partial responses, while no responses were obtained in non-small cell carcinomas. Median duration of responses was 46 days (range 31-133 days). The dose limiting toxicity was leukopenia. Median number of days to nadir was 14 days and median numbers of days for recovery was 11 days. Nausea (38%), vomiting (12%), anorexia (45%) and alopecia (74%) were major clinical toxicities although these were mild or reversible. We concluded that VP-16-213 was useful in the treatment of small cell lung cancer and the dose schedule used in this study was recommendable with small dose reduction for further trial of combination chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Induction of gametocytogenesis in Plasmodium falciparum by the culture supernatant of hybridoma cells producing anti-P. falciparum antibody.

There have been many unsuccessful attempts to induce gametocytogenesis in vitro. In the present experiment, however, we found that RPMI-CS medium and RPMI-FS medium prepared by dissolving powdered RPMI 1640 medium in the culture supernatants of hybridoma cells, hybrid line D21 and 219.5, respectively, that produce anti-P. falciparum antibody induced gametocytogenesis. Gametocytogenesis was consistently observed from 3 days after addition of these media. The culture supernatant of anti-P. falciparum antibody producing hybridoma cells did not induce gametocytogenesis in the absence of RPMI 1640 medium. RPMI-MS medium, prepared by dissolving powdered RPMI 1640 medium in the culture supernatant of myeloma cells, SP2/O-Ag 14, which was used as a control, induced a few gametocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[A double blind comparative study on the efficacy of S6472, cefaclor and amoxicillin, in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia].

The S6472 is a 4:6 mixture of 2 types of granules of cefaclor (CCL) coated with different films; one type of granules is soluble at low pH's and absorbed in the stomach while the other type is soluble at high pH's and absorbed in the intestine. The difference in absorption sites makes it possible to maintain blood concentrations of the drug at clinically efficient levels for a longer period of time compared with ordinary CCL. The efficacy, safety and usefulness of S6472 in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia was compared with those of ordinary CCL and of amoxicillin (AMPC) by the blind method. The patients entered in this trial were those who had bacterial pneumonia or lung abscess and were 16 years or above of age. The S6472 was given orally for 14 days at a daily dose of 1,500 mg (750 mg each after breakfast and supper), CCL was given at a daily dose of 1,500 mg (500 mg each after every meal), and AMPC at 2,000 mg (500 mg each after every meal and at the bedtime). To make the study blind, placeboes were matched with the test drug so that patients in every treatment group took 4 doses per day. Out of a total of 195 patients thus treated, 179 patients (55 in S6472 group, 62 in CCL group and 62 in AMPC group) were adopted for the evaluation by committee members while 185 patients (58 in S6472 group, 63 in CCL group and 64 in AMPC group) by controllers. When clinical results of the 3 treatment groups were compared, no statistically significant differences were observed in efficacy rates (cure rates), incidences of side effects nor abnormal findings of laboratory tests. From these results of this trial, it is concluded that oral administration of 750 mg of S6472 twice a day (1,500 mg per day) is as effective and useful as that of 500 mg of ordinary CCL 3 times a day (1,500 mg per day) or 500 mg of AMPC 4 times a day (2,000 mg per day) in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia or lung abscess.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Farmer's lung in the east of Hokkaido. A follow-up study in 1985].

The follow-up study of 16 patients with farmer's lung and 35 farmers having antibody to thermophilic actinomyces was performed. The following results were obtained. Three patients out of 16 patients with farmer's lung were readmitted to the hospital. The patients out of 11 believed that the dust respirator is useful for prevention against the development of farmer's lung. Any new patient was not found out from farmers having antibody to thermophilic actinomyces in 1985.

Farmer's Lung↗
PubMed1986

Attenuation of the virulent RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii by passages in mice immunized with Toxoplasma lysate antigens.

The virulent RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii was attenuated after a few passages or just one long passage in mice immunized twice with a four-week interval between immunizations with an emulsion of Toxoplasma lysate antigens and complete Freund's adjuvant. Three avirulent strains, RH-cyst III, IV and VIII were established from the RH strain. The RH-cyst III strain was effective for vaccination against challenge with the original, virulent RH strain. The attenuation of T. gondii is an expression of the innate attributes of this parasite necessary to maintain its parasitic life cycle in nature.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Physiological actions of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C from Bacillus thuringiensis on KB III cells: alkaline phosphatase release and growth inhibition.

Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C of Bacillus thuringiensis caused the release of alkaline phosphatase from KB III cells and plasma membrane preparations prepared from the cells. Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C added to the culture of KB III cells inhibited cell growth by 30%. The release of alkaline phosphatase induced by phospholipase C was dependent on, or proportional to, the reaction time and the concentrations of the phospholipase C, KB III cells and plasma membrane preparation. The Arrhenius plot for phosphatase-release reaction showed a single break at 18.1 degrees C for KB III cells or at 27.3 degrees C for the plasma membrane preparation. The activation energies of the phosphatase-release reaction were 3.2 and 29.2 kcal/mol for KB III cells, and 4.3 and 26.5 kcal/mol for the plasma membrane preparation. The released alkaline phosphatase had a mol. wt of 105,000 and isoelectric points of 4.05 (major) and 4.4 (minor).

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

A radioimmunoassay for circulating human proinsulin.

A radioimmunoassay for human proinsulin (hPl) has been developed using biosynthetic hPl prepared by recombinant DNA technology as immunogen, standard, and tracer. The antiserum was raised in a guinea pig and then adsorbed against insulin and C-peptide conjugated to Sepharose to improve its specificity. After adsorption of the antiserum, the cross-reactivities to insulin and C-peptide were each less than 0.2%. Competition studies using in vitro enzymatically split forms of proinsulin demonstrated that the major antigenic determinant recognized was the junctional region between the B-chain of insulin and the C-peptide. The range of the assay extended from 10 to 150 fmol/tube, with a 50% displacement of 45-55 fmol/tube. This sensitivity proved suitable for measurements of serum hPl concentrations during infusion of biosynthetic hPl into normal subjects and type I diabetic subjects. Eighty-five of 89 serum samples from the normal subjects and each of 20 samples from diabetic subjects diluted in parallel with the hPl standard. Since the direct assay sensitivity was not sufficient for measurement of endogenous hPl levels, a simple procedure for quantitative extraction of proinsulin-like material (PLM) from up to 40 ml of plasma on insulin antibody-Sepharose columns was developed. Logit-log slopes were calculated for dilutions of extracts of samples collected in the fasting state and 60 min after 75 g or oral glucose from eight healthy subjects. The slopes of 15 of the 16 samples did not differ significantly from the slope of the hPl standard.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗