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Biomedical subjects

T Nagashima

Publications and source records attributed to T Nagashima.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Rapid detection of S-phase cells by anti-bromodeoxyuridine monoclonal antibody in 9L brain tumor cells in vitro and in situ.

FITC-conjugated anti-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) monoclonal antibody (anti-BU-MAb) was used to detect S-phase cells of 9L rat brain tumor cells in vitro and in situ. Monolayer 9L cells were treated with 0.625-20 microM of BrdUrd for 30 min, harvested, and reacted with a 1:100 dilution of FITC-conjugated anti-BU-MAb and analyzed with a flow cytometer. BrdUrd-treated cells stained satisfactorily with antibody. Values obtained for the labeling index using this method (48.6%) were 10%-20% higher than the fraction of cells in S-phase calculated from DNA histograms or as the labeling index calculated from autoradiographs of cells pulse-labeled with 3H-thymidine. BrdUrd (1-40 mg/kg) was administered by i.p. injection to rats bearing 9L brain tumors. Single cell suspensions obtained by disaggregation of excised tumors were stained with anti-BU-MAb. The percentage of fluorescent cells (15.9%) calculated using this method was similar to that of S-phase cells (17.2%) calculated from DNA histograms and from autoradiographics for tumor bearing rats pulse-labeled with 3H-thymidine in situ. The antibody staining technique is a rapid and accurate method for various cell kinetic studies both in vitro and in vivo in a rat model, and has promise as a technique for the study of cell kinetics in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Creatine kinase (CK)-linked IgA in Isaacs' syndrome. An immune complex disease?

Electrophoresis of serum from a patient with Isaacs' syndrome revealed an atypical creatine kinase (CK) isoenzyme pattern which contained an extra band migrating between CK2(MB) and CK3(MM). Immunofixation demonstrated that the extra band was a complex of CK3(MM) and IgA. The presence of this complex seemed to correlate with increased serum CK levels which were associated with the aggravation of symptoms. Immunofluorescence studies on muscle biopsy samples revealed the presence of the complex in the muscle fiber membrane and motor endplate. The existence of CK-linked IgA in an Isaacs' syndrome suggests that an immunological abnormality may play a role in the pathological process of this rare syndrome.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1985

Magnetic resonance imaging of experimental brain edema in cats.

The authors observed the natural course of experimental brain edema in vivo using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. To detect and qualify the edematous lesion, they obtained images by the spin echo technique (repetition time, 2100 ms; echo time, 80 ms). These showed the maximal brain edema on the 1st to 3rd days after the operation, as evidenced by a pixel density study and a finding of mass effect. On MR images enhanced with manganese, the inversion recovery technique (repetition time, 2100 ms; inversion time, 500 ms) demonstrated the edematous lesion as a high signal intensity area with good spatial resolution. Moreover, the follow-up inversion recovery images with manganese suggested that there was a system for absorption of edema fluid between blood vessels and the edematous lesion. The authors think that MR imaging is an important technique for observation of the dynamics of experimental brain edema.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Metastatic intracerebral malignant fibrous histiocytoma from the lung].

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma usually develops in the extremities, peritoneal or retroperitoneal space and the thigh. The occurrence in the lung and brain is quite rare. We report two cases of metastatic intracerebral malignant fibrous histiocytoma from the lung. The first patient developed cerebral metastasis six years after treatment of the primary site, and the second one died two months after the diagnosis of generalized metastases. Both were quite resistant to radiation therapy.

Brain↗
PubMed1985

Clonazepam monotherapy for epilepsy in childhood.

Sixty patients (age-range one month to 14 years) with other types of epilepsy than infantile spasms were treated with clonazepam. Disappearance of seizures and normalization of abnormal EEG with disappearance of seizures were recognized in 77% and 50%, respectively. Seizures disappeared in 71% of the patients with generalized seizures and 89% of partial seizures. Improvement of abnormal EEG was noticed in 76% of diffuse paroxysms and in 67% of focal paroxysms. In excellent cases, mean effective dosages were 0.086 +/- 0.021 mg/kg/day in infants and 0.057 +/- 0.022 mg/kg/day in schoolchildren, this difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.005). The incidence of side effects such as drowsiness and ataxia was only 5%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Regional blood flow of experimental brain tumors with special reference to effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy].

Regional blood flow and capillary permeability in the experimental brain tumors and their surrounding brain tissue of rats were measured with quantitative 14C-antipyrine and 14C-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) autoradiographic method. The pharmacokinetic implications with respect to drug delivery to tumor tissue and the effect of ionizing irradiation were discussed in these physiological measurement. A suspension of 1 X 10(4) rat glioma cells (E239 RG 12) was stereotactically implanted into the right basal ganglia of CD-Fisher rats, and spherical brain tumors developed 10-17 days after implantation with a diameter of 1--5 mm. Autoradiographic investigations were performed for rats with small tumors (1--2 mm in diameter) and large tumors (4--5 mm in diameter). The uniform blood flow (91.7 +/- 13.1 ml/100 g/min: mean +/- S.E.) was observed in small tumors with the patchy low flow area (56.7 +/- 12.5 ml/100 g/min) surrounding the tumor. In large tumors, the blood flow was markedly decreased in the central part of the tumor (28.3 +/- 2.4 ml/100 g/min) with a ring shaped high flow area in the peripheral part (59.3 +/- 5.9 ml/100 mg/min). The blood flow in the brain adjacent to the tumor (30.5 +/- 2.5 ml/100 g/min) was lower than that in the peripheral part of the tumor. The uptake of 14C-AIB was quite similar to that of 14C-antipyrine suggesting the smaller permeability in the central part of the tumor. Neuropathological studies did not reveal necrotic foci, but viable cells in these areas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[A cell kinetic study of human central nervous system tumors with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)].

Sixty-six patients with various types of central nervous system (CNS) tumors were given 150-200 mg/m2 of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) intravenously at the start of surgery, in order to label DNA synthesizing cells in the tumor with BrdU. The excised tumor specimens were fixed in chilled 70% ethanol for at least 12 hours, embedded in paraffin, and cut into 6-8 mu thick sections. The tissue sections were deparaffinized, denatured with HC1, and stained by indirect peroxidase method using anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody as the first antibody. The percentage of labeled cells among total cells (LI: labeling index) was calculated in each tumor specimen. The average of LIs was over 10% in glioblastoma multiforme, medulloblastoma, and metastatic tumor. On the other hand, the LIs were very low, i.e. less than 1% in most cases of ependymomas, mixed gliomas, and moderately anaplastic astrocytomas. In highly anaplastic astrocytomas, the average of LIs resulted in 7.4%. The LIs of slow-growing tumors, such as pituitary adenomas, meningiomas, acoustic neurinomas, were less than 1%, except in Nelson's syndrome and a few cases of meningiomas. The LIs obtained thus seem to correlate with the clinical behavior of each type of tumor. However, there was still a magnitude of differences in LIs between the tumors which were histopathologically alike. These results indicate that the LI obtained by the immunohistochemical method using anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody may supplement the current histopathological diagnosis in characterizing as well as estimating the biological malignancy of individual CNS tumors.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

[Preoperative combination therapy involving local administration of a non-specific immunoactivated preparation (OK-432) and chemotherapeutic preparations for patients with stomach cancer].

OMF therapy, which is a combination therapy consisting of OK-432 administered locally, Mitomycin C and 5-Fluorouracil, was administered to 50 cases of stomach cancer (52 episodes) preoperatively. Judging the criterion for a positive (+) effect as being the existence of degeneration or necrosis in 1/3-1/2 of carcinomas visible within whole fields, the ratio of histological effectiveness shown by this therapy was 75%. As for its effect on metastatic foci of lymph nodes, when 70 case from an n1 group and 8 from an n2 group with metastatic positive lymph nodes, including 17 cases (4 in Stage II and 13 in Stage III) ablated for curing were studied, a greater than positive (+) effect was shown in 51 out of the total of 78. Consequently the effective ratio was 65%. The survival ratio of 16 cases in Stage III on the 48th month calculated by the Kaplan Meier method was 78.6%. The survival time of 50% of 9 cases in Stage IV (absolute non-curing ablation) was 15 months. Tissue samples were examined constantly after local administration of OK-432. Exudation of neutrocytes was shown on the 1st day, and that of histiocytes, lymphocytes and plasmacytes on the 4th day. At this stage, degeneration of the primary focus or necrotizing change was observed. Interstitial reaction peaked on the 14th day, but histiocytes tended to decrease.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Factors modifying cytotoxicity induced by 5-FU and hydroxyurea.

Pretreatment of exponentially growing 9L cells for 24 hours with a nontoxic (0.77 microM) or moderately toxic (7.7 microM) concentration of 5-FU (5-FUra) enhanced cell kill induced by a subsequent 6-hour treatment with 1.3 mM hydroxyurea (HU) by a magnitude of 1 log. In confluent 9L cultures or 9L cells treated in serum-free medium that decreased the cycling population, however, the 5-FUra-HU combination did not enhance the cell kill. No recovery from potentially lethal damage was observed for up to 24 hours after treatment of 9L cells with 7.7 microM 5-FUra alone or with 0.77 or 7.7 microM 5-FUra followed by 1.3 mM HU. These results show that 5-FUra and HU in combination kill cycling cells effectively and that cytotoxicity is fixed on completion of the treatment. Although the number of sister chromatid exchanges per metaphase increased significantly with increasing length of exposure to a nontoxic (0.77 microM) or moderately toxic (7.7 microM) concentration of 5-FUra, subsequent treatment with HU that resulted in cell kills of 70%-80% and 99%, respectively, did not increase the number of sister chromatid exchanges per metaphase beyond that expected from 5-FUra treatment alone. Thus, the enhanced cell kill does not appear to be a result of direct DNA damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Surgical treatment and radiation therapy for glioblastoma multiforme, with special reference to intraoperative radiotherapy].

We studied the effects of increased-dose radiation therapy in terms of survival time and improvement in the quality of life in 50 glioblastoma patients with minimal residual tumors. 1) Intraoperative radiotherapy ( IOR , 1,000-2,000 rad) was applied in 13 cases; the 2-year survival was 41.6%. However, in 9 patients who had undergone macroscopic total removal the 2-year survival rate was 68.6%. 2) Wide resection with necrotomy after conventional external irradiation was used in 9 cases and conformation irradiation was added; their 2-year survival was 44.4%. 3) In 22 patients who received only conventional irradiation following surgery, the 2-year survival was 7.5%.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Monostotic fibrous dysplasia in the femoral neck. A clinicopathologic study.

In eight patients with monostotic fibrous dysplasia in the femoral neck, the lesion was virtually limited to the neck region without any extension into the shaft. In one patient with symptoms of 40 years' duration and another with a recurrent lesion, there was a deformity in the neck of the femur. A pathologic fracture, including a minor one, was identified in two patients. Roentgenographically, the lesion should be distinguished from various entities producing a localized central region of rarefaction in the proximal femur. The histologic features of fibrous dysplasia are characteristically diagnostic. Six of the eight patients were successfully treated by curettage and bone graft. There was no evidence of malignant transformation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[A review of cell kinetic studies on brain tumors with special reference to anti-bromodeoxyuridine monoclonal antibody method].

Cell kinetic studies on various human brain tumors were reviewed. Most studies have been carried out by means of 3H-thymidine and autoradiography in the past two decades. The average labeling index (LI) obtained from a pulse of 3H-thymidine is very high in medulloblastomas and glioblastoma multiforme (5-15%), low in well-differentiated gliomas (less than 1%), and intermediate in anaplastic astrocytomas. The higher the LI, the faster the tumor grows, probably reflecting a larger growth fraction. Therefore, measurement of the LI appears to be very helpful in predicting the prognosis of the patient as well as potentially helpful in the design of chemotherapy. However, isotopic studies not only take a long time to complete, but also have severe limitations because of potential radiation hazard to patients and environmental pollution. Development of an anti-BUdR (or BrdUrd) monoclonal antibody to detect nuclei which incorporate BUdR is a breakthrough that can expand this line of research, since: 1) BUdR is non-radioactive and doses needed for this purpose are virtually non-toxic; 2) use of flow cytometric analysis of FITC conjugated anti-BUdR antibody facilitates rapid acquisition and data analysis and, 3) it will be technically easier to study the proliferative capacity of patients with brain tumors. A 30 min exposure of 9L monolayer cells to 10 X 2-10 X 2(-4) microM BUdR produced satisfactory results against a 1: 60 dilution of FITC conjugated antibody (Becton-Dickinson, Mt. View, CA). Also 9L cells which were exposed various concentrations of BUdR (10 X 2-10 X 2(-4) microM) for 30 min were harvested in single cell suspension and reacted with the antibody and analysed with flow cytometry. Fluorescent nuclei (48.6%) were similar to the fraction of cells in S phase analysed from DNA histograms as well as the LI obtained from autoradiographic study after a pulse of 3H-thymidine. After 1-40 mg/kg of BUdR were injected into the peritoneal cavity of rats with 9L brain tumors, tumors were removed 1 hr later and digested with enzyme cocktail, fixed with 70% ETOH, denatured with HCl, and stained with FITC conjugated anti-BUdR antibody. The nuclei which reacted with the antibody were discriminated well with flow system at 488 nm light through LP 515 and SP 560 filters. 10.0-15.5% of the cells were fluorescent in each group and the intensity of fluorescence was dose dependent although not strictly proportional to the amount of BUdR administered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗