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Biomedical subjects

T Nagashima

Publications and source records attributed to T Nagashima.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Hypotrichosis with keratosis pilaris: electrophoretical study of hair fibrous proteins from a patient.

S-carboxymethylated (SCM) fibrous proteins from the scalp hair of a patient with hypotrichosis with keratosis pilaris (HTKP) and from that of a normal individual were analyzed using two-dimensional electrophoresis. One SCM fibrous protein component was different electrophoretically in the HTKP patient. It is suggested that the brittleness of the HTKP hair might result from this alteration of the fibrous protein composition of the hair.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of bite plane on electromyographic activity of masticatory muscles. 1. Muscle activity during tapping movement].

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of the insertion of bite plane on masticatory muscle activity during tapping movement, and find out useful parameters for examination and diagnosis of stomatognathic dysfunction. The subjects in this study were twenty normal subjects with intact dentition and no signs of mandibular dysfunction as the control group, and twelve subjects with unilateral temporomandibular joint pain during jaw opening or closing movement as the patient group. Electromyographic activity in the bilateral anterior temporal and masseter muscles and mandibular movement using the Mandibular Kinesiograph were recorded simultaneously during tapping movement. The usefulness of the 61 items used in this study was evaluated. The results were summarized as follows: 1. In the patient group, a significant correlation between the jaw opening degree during tapping movement and the maximal jaw opening one without pain was recognized. 2. The total muscle activity in the patient group decreased significantly by the insertion of the bite plane. 3. Many subjects of the patient group showed a significant difference between the right and left activity of each muscle. 4. A significant difference between the two groups was found in the duration of muscle activity before and after Silent period, those coefficients of variation and the difference between those durations of the right and left muscle activity. This study suggests that the above factors are very useful parameters for examination and diagnosis of temporomandibular joint dysfunction.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Relationship between orofaciocranial morphologic factors and electromyographic activities of the masticatory muscles].

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between orofaciocranial morphologic and functional factors. The lateral cephalograms of 10 normal subjects were taken and traced. The authors divided cephalometric parameters into linear and angular measurements. Electromyographic (EMG) activities were recorded from bilateral anterior temporal and masseter muscles during tapping movement. Then the total muscle activity of both muscles, and the masseter muscle activity ratio in the total muscle activity were measured. The correlation coefficients between cephalometric measurements and EMG parameters were analyzed. The results of this study are as follows: 1) The total muscle activity revealed positive correlation with all the linear measurements. Especially, the total muscle activity significantly correlated with the size of mandible, such as Co-Go and Go-Me. 2) The total muscle activity showed a tendency to increase when the angles among SN plane, FH plane, maxillary base plane and mandibular border plane became small, and when S-N-A and S-N-B became large. 3) There was no correlation between masseter muscle activity ratio and cranial morphologic measurments. But masseter muscle activity ratio correlated with tooth position and anteroposterior inclination of the anterior teeth. These results suggest that the consideration of the relationship between orofaciocranial morphologic factors and EMG parameters is necessary for examining the masticatory muscle activity.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1989

[Regrowth pattern of glioblastoma multiforme after radiotherapy].

We investigated the correlation between the technique of radiation therapy used and the regrowth pattern of recurrent glioblastoma multiformes of 48 patients who received initial radiation therapy in our clinic from April, 1974 to March, 1988. Three different techniques have been applied to patients with brain tumors: whole brain irradiation, generous local irradiation (the parallel opposing technique or three field technique, in which the treatment field fully covers the peritumoral low density area on CT images), and restricted local irradiation (the rotation technique, in which the treatment field is restricted to within about 2 cm of the tumor margin on CT images). Radiation dose of the treatment field was over 45 Gy in every case. The regrowth pattern was defined as being one of the followings: inside of the treatment field, outside of the treatment field (this includes the boundary zone between the treatment and the non-treatment field), and remote from the treatment field-which mostly due to the tumor spreading through ventricular systems. In all 7 cases that received whole brain irradiation, tumor recurred inside of the treatment field. Two of these 7 cases showed remote recurrence at the same time. Mean duration time to recurrence was 36.3 weeks. In 27 (90%) of 30 cases that received the generous local irradiation, tumor recurred within the treatment field. Only one showed outside recurrence, and two other cases showed remote recurrence. The mean duration time to recurrence in this group was 32.2 weeks. Of 11 cases that received restricted local irradiation, 3 cases (27%) showed recurrence outside of the treatment field, one showed recurrence in a remote area. The mean duration time to recurrence in this group was 38.3 weeks, but was not significantly longer than that of other two groups. These results indicate that restricted local irradiation sometimes fails to cover the tumor invaded area, and that the results of treatment using generous local irradiation are almost the same as those using whole brain irradiation. This suggests that generous local irradiation is advantageous to patients with brain tumors since the incidence of subacute side effects such as mental deterioration is much lower in local irradiation as compared with whole brain irradiation.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

[Significance of LDH isozyme pattern in rubella].

The laboratory data from 136 patients suffering from a mass outbreak of rubella were serially examined. Alteration of thrombocytopenia (38.7%), leukopenia (26.4%), increased LDH (94.3%), and increased GOT (32.4%) were observed during the early days of disease. Slightly later, increased GPT was noted in 48.5%. LDH isozymes may be grouped into two specific patterns: 1) an LDH3 dominant pattern appeared (90.4%) during the beginning days of the disease. 2) an LDH3 dominant pattern with LDH5 greater than LDH4 was detected one week later. It was concluded that the increase of LDH3 may have been induced by thrombocytopenia due to viral infection. The increase of LDH5 appears to result from liver damage. In conclusion, LDH isozyme findings are significant in the early diagnosis of liver damage in rubella.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Role of muscle spindle afferents in the control of jaw-closing muscle activity].

In order to understand how muscle spindle afferents contribute to the control of jaw-closing muscle activity, the following two experiments were performed in the urethane anesthetized rabbits; 1) EMG activities of the masseter muscle during chewing a test strip were compared before and after the trigeminal mesencephalic tract (Mes V) lesion. The Mes V, where the ganglion cells of jaw-closing muscle spindle afferents are located, was lesioned by thermal cauterization. Since the cells lying around the Mes V may also be damaged, it is possible that the effects of lesioning may partly be ascribed to the destruction of these cells. In order to circumvent this problem, kainic acid was injected into the Mes V one week before the lesioning. 2) Unit discharges were recorded from the Mes V during passive jaw-opening and during chewing a test strip. The response of these units to suxamethonium (SCh) administration was also examined. The results were as follows; 1) In the animals with the Mes V lesion, the facilitatory response of the masseter muscle during chewing the test strip was significantly reduced on the side ipsilateral to the Mes V lesion, while the contralateral masseteric activities were not affected. 2) The Mes V units were classified as the primary and secondary spindle afferents depending on the responses to SCh administration. During chewing, the Mes V units showed discharges locked to a certain phase of a single masticatory cycle. They were classified into 4 types, depending on the time relation between unit discharges and the jaw movement; 1) those fired predominantly on the jaw-opening phase, 2) those fired on the jaw-closing phase, 3) those excited at the beginning of both-jaw opening and power phases and 4) those fired within the period of the masseteric burst. The firing frequency of the third type units increased during the jaw-closing muscle burst induced by application of the test strip between the opposing molars. They were sensitive to SCh administration and supposed to be the primary spindle afferents. It is concluded that the muscle spindles of jaw-closing muscles (presumably primary endings) contribute to the enhancement of jaw-closing muscle activities during chewing.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Chemical modifiers in radiotherapy].

The halogenated pyrimidine analogue bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), which is incorporated into nuclei during DNA synthesis, has long been known to be a radiation sensitizer. Since 1965, BAR therapy (BrdU-antimetabolite-radiation therapy), in which BrdU was administered intraarterially as a radiosensitizer, has been applied to patients with malignant gliomas and the improvement in survival rate within two years has been reported. Recently, intravenous infusion of BrdU has prove to be sufficiently effective as a radiosensitizer and BrdU is still being utilized as a chemical modifier for patients with malignant gliomas. Misonidazole was developed as a hypoxic cell sensitizer and was expected to enhance the radiation response of malignant tumors. However, the clinical trial of misonidazole in patients with brain tumors showed little clinical benefit of this agent as a radiosensitizer, and therefore it is no longer used in the treatment of malignant gliomas. Synchronized chemoradiotherapy, in which alkaloid and alkyl agents are used to accumulate cells into the radiosensitive G2 and M phases, was developed for the treatment of malignant gliomas in 1976 and significant improvement in survival has been reported. However, phase II studies demonstrated that radiotherapy with alkyl agents such as BCNU and ACNU did not prolong the survival of patients with malignant gliomas as compared with radiotherapy alone, although they did increase the response rate. Since 1985, the Brain Tumor Interferon Study Group has clinically applied one of the biological response modifiers (BRM), interferon-beta (INF-beta) as a chemical modifier in patient with malignant gliomas. They have reported that the response rates in patients treated with ACNU + radiation and INF-beta + ACNU + radiation were 19.6% and 41.2%, respectively. Their results suggested that IFN-beta with ACNU was a promising regimen as a chemical modifier in radiotherapy for patients with malignant gliomas. In order to improve the rate of local control of malignant gliomas and to prolong the survival of patients, it is necessary to continue to seek effective chemical modifiers including BRMs, as well as to develop irradiation techniques.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

[Ocular motor abnormalities in progressive supranuclear palsy].

Eleven patients, 7 males and 4 females, of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) were examined neuro-otologically for the purpose of elucidating the characteristics of ocular motor abnormalities. All cases were admitted to our hospital and age at onset was from 52 to 71 years old, duration of illness was 2 to 11 years. Range of voluntary eye movements and abnormal eye movements including nystagmus were examined on naked eyes and with electronystagmography (ENG). Smooth pursuit movements and saccadic eye movements were tested both horizontally and vertically by using visual tracking method with ENG recordings. Optokinetic nystagmus test and caloric test with visual suppression test were also performed. These neurotological examinations were made repetitively in 5 cases and their progressions were observed. Vertical gaze palsy and convergence palsy were observed in all cases as the initial symptom. In this study downward gaze was more severely disturbed than upward gaze. Using ENG, saccadic eye movements (saccades) were disturbed earlier than smooth pursuit movements. Hypometric saccades and decreased saccadic velocity were common abnormalities. In the later stage of the disease, horizontal eye movements were also disturbed. In four cases bilateral adduction palsy was added to vertical gaze paralysis so that the lesion of the MLF to oculomotor nucleus was suggested to exist. These voluntary eye movements were worsened gradually as the disease progressed. By using ENG we could find so called abnormal eye movements more frequently than the previous reports. Eight patients demonstrated horizontal gaze nystagmus, and rebound nystagmus were observed in four cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[A case of spinocerebellar degeneration with bilateral MLF syndrome and dystonia].

The patient, a 31-year-old married woman, noticed spasticity on walking at the age of 19 accompanied by ataxia, dysarthria and dysphagia. Facial twitching and dystonic movement of extremities have been observed since age 27. A sister of her father showed the similar ataxia and dysarthria, and expired of pneumonia at the age of 45. On admission at the age of 29, neurological examinations revealed nystagmus, marked spasticity with pathological reflexes and clonus, cerebellar ataxia, dysarthria and dysphagia, diffuse muscle wasting, fasciculation in facial musculature, and generalized slow dystonic movement. By neuro-otological studies bilateral MLF syndrome with upward gaze limitation and decreased velocity of saccadic eye movement were detected. Surface EMG at rest showed a dystonic discharges on the extremities. Needle EMG disclosed a systemic neurogenic change with reduced interference and high amplitude potentials. Atrophy of the brainstem was remarkable on the cranial CT and MRI. These abnormal eye movements, especially bilateral MLF syndrome and generalized dystonia seem to be quite unusual in the variety of spinocerebellar degenerations. On reviewing detected clinical descriptions on Joseph disease this case can be probably included.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The treatment of brain metastasis from breast cancer].

From 1975 through 1988, 25 patients with a brain metastasis from a breast cancer received treatments that varied, according to their systemic condition. Of this number, 13 patients were selected for a surgical removal followed by radiation and inoperable patients (3 of this number had meningeal carcinomatosis) with a serious widespread metastasis were treated by radiation only. The median survival time in the former group was 12 months with a 1-year survival rate of 58.3% and that of the latter group (excluding the meningeal carcinomatous cases) was 7 months with a 1-year survival rate of 20%. The median survival of all 25 patients was 7 months with a 1-year survival rate of 33%. At the diagnosis of the brain metastasis, 88% had metastasis to organs other than intracranial sites and most patients died because of the progression of the metastasis at these other sites. Thus, surgical removal of the brain metastasis, followed by radiation therapy, should be considered for patients without a widespread systemic metastasis. Survival for such cases would be more than 1 year.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Surgical treatment on survival and quality of life in patients with supratentorial glioblastoma:].

One hundred one patients with glioblastoma were studied to evaluate the effect of the extent of surgical resection on the length and quality of life. Extensive removal of tumor was performed for 45 patients, while the remaining 56 patients underwent partial removal or biopsy of tumor. The median time to tumor progression and the median survival in the former patients were 18.0 months and 23.0 months, respectively, and, in the latter patients, 6.0 months and 10.0 months, respectively. More than 80% of Karnofsky rating was observed in 69% of the former patients. Extensive removal of glioblastoma would be associated with longer and better survival when compared to partial removal.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[A case of primary malignant lymphoma of the brain associated with acute hydrocephalus].

A case of primary cerebral malignant lymphoma associated with hydrocephalus is reported. The patient was a 54 year-old male who enjoyed good health until the onset of headache and vomiting 4 weeks before admission. His consciousness was alert and neurological examination revealed severe papilloedema with retinal hemorrhage. No lymph node or abdominal tumor enlargement were noted. CT scan and MR images revealed no abnormal lesion except mild ventriculomegaly. CSF study revealed mild elevation of protein and sugar and cell count was 66/3. CSF cytology revealed atypical lymphoid cell with irregular nuclear contour and large nucleolus. Immunological marker studies of the tumor cell revealed increasing of anti J-5 (CD10), anti B-4 (CD19) and OKT-IA1. The patient was treated by a whole brain irradiation and chemotherapy after V-P shunt. It is 12 months since the operation, and the patient's condition is still good.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

The proliferative potential of human ependymomas measured by in situ bromodeoxyuridine labeling.

Twelve patients with ependymomas received a 30- to 60-minute intravenous infusion of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), 150 to 200 mg/m2 at surgery, to label tumor cells in the DNA synthesis phase. Labeled cells were detected in excised tumor specimens by indirect immunoperoxidase staining using anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody as the first antibody. The BrdU labeling index (LI, defined as the percentage of labeled cells in relation to the total number of cells scored) was calculated for each specimen. All four spinal cord ependymomas had a BrdU LI of less than 1%, which is consistent with our clinical experience that most such tumors grow slowly and have an excellent prognosis. Five of the eight intracranial ependymomas also had a low BrdU LI of approximately 1% or less, and three had a BrdU LI of 3.2%, 3.4%, and 4.8%. The latter three tumors, only one of which was diagnosed as a malignant ependymoma at the time of study, were either recurrent or recurred within 2 years after gross or subtotal removal. Cytologic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was performed in five cases; CSF seeding of tumor cells was found in only one patient, who had a malignant ependymoma. A high BrdU LI did not always correlate with CSF seeding. Measurement of the LI using BrdU and anti-BrdU monoclonal antibodies can provide more accurate information on the proliferative potential of individual tumors and may lead to a more rational grading system of ependymomas. The results of such studies do not always predict the potential for CSF seeding.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Familial bulbo-spinal muscular atrophy associated with testicular atrophy and sensory neuropathy (Kennedy-Alter-Sung syndrome). Autopsy case report of two brothers.

Autopsy cases of two brothers with bulbo-spinal muscular atrophy associated with gynecomastia, testicular atrophy and sensory neuropathy are reported. The disease started with finger tremor, proximal muscle weakness and facial muscle twitching at the second and fourth decades, accompanied by bulbar signs and glove-stocking type sensory disturbance. Systemic neurogenic patterns and diminished sensory nerve action potential amplitudes were recorded by electrophysiological studies. A marked loss of myelinated fibers was noticed upon sural nerve biopsy. Gonadal hormone values were normal, except for elevated urinary estrogen. Postmortem examinations revealed a remarkable degeneration of the facial and hypoglossal nuclei, and the spinal cord motoneurons. The skeletal muscles and the tongue showed neurogenic muscular atrophy with fatty replacement. Testicular atrophy was prominent showing hyalinized seminiferous tubuli with nodular and diffuse Leydig cell hyperplasia, containing estrogen immunoreactive substance. These clinical and histological features seemed to be highly compatible with those of Kennedy-Alter-Sung type bulbo-spinal muscular atrophy. The involvement of sensory peripheral nerves, however, was a distinct feature of this family.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of bromodeoxyuridine labeling indices obtained from tissue sections and flow cytometry of brain tumors.

Sixteen patients with brain tumors were given a 30- to 60-minute intravenous infusion of bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR), 200 mg/sq m. Grossly viable fragments were taken from the biopsied tumor specimens and divided into two portions. One portion was dissociated into single cells, stained both with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) using anti-BUdR monoclonal antibody as the first antibody and with propidium iodide (for deoxyribonucleic acid), and analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). The labeling index (LI) was calculated as the number of FITC-labeled cells expressed as a percentage of the total number of cells analyzed. The other portion was fixed in 70% ethanol, embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained with immunoperoxidase using anti-BUdR monoclonal antibody as the first antibody. The LI of these tissue sections was calculated in two ways: from selected areas in which the labeled cells were evenly distributed and from the entire tissue section. The LI's obtained by FCM correlated closely with those from the entire tissue sections (r = 0.99, p less than 0.000001) and were usually lower than LI's from selected areas of tissue sections. The LI's determined by FCM also correlated well with the LI's from selected areas of tissue sections (r = 0.82, p less than 0.00012), despite the difference in values between them. Thus, the FCM-derived LI and the tissue LI can both provide useful information for predicting the biological malignancy of individual tumors and for designing treatment regimens for individual patients with brain tumors; however, different standards should be used to interpret the LI's obtained by these two methods.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1988

Flow cytometric determination of modal DNA population in relation to proliferative potential of human intracranial neoplasms.

Paraffin-embedded specimens of brain tumors from 256 patients who had received an intravenous infusion of bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) at the time of craniotomy were analyzed retrospectively by flow cytometry to determine the modal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) population. A single G1 peak was considered to represent a unimodal DNA population; two or more G1 peaks indicated a multimodal population. Most of the pituitary tumors and moderately anaplastic astrocytomas had unimodal DNA populations, whereas a higher percentage of other slow-growing tumors, such as meningiomas, ependymomas, and neurilemmomas, had multimodal populations (46.2%, 50.0%, and 60.0%, respectively). A relatively high percentage of the rapidly growing or highly malignant brain tumors, including highly anaplastic astrocytomas, glioblastomas multiforme, metastatic tumors, and medulloblastomas, also had multimodal populations (52.9%, 48.7%, 57.1%, and 66.7%, respectively). In most tumor groups, however, the percentage of tumors with a multimodal DNA population did not correlate with the BUdR labeling index or with the percentage of BUdR-labeled S-phase cells. Thus, modal DNA analysis by flow cytometry may provide information about the degree of heterogeneity and the biological behavior of individual brain tumors, but the results do not necessarily correlate with the rate of tumor growth or the prognosis in individual patients.

Brain Neoplasms↗