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Biomedical subjects

T Murakami

Publications and source records attributed to T Murakami.

At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Diabetogenes; which cause type II diabetes mellitus].

Glucose homeostasis depends upon a balance between glucose production by the liver and glucose utilization by insulin-dependent tissues, such as muscle and fat. Insulin, secreted by the pancreatic B cell, inhibits hepatic glucose output and facilitates glucose utilization in the muscle and fat tissues. In the diabetic patients, there are three types of pathological defects; (1) inability of the B cell to secrete normal insulin in an accurate fashion, (2) increase in the hepatic glucose output, and (3) decrease in glucose metabolism at the muscle and fat tissues. Candidate genes which cause the first defect are the insulin gene, the glucokinase gene and the mitochondrial tRNA gene. The glucokinase gene causes the second defect, too. Those which cause the third defect are the insulin receptor gene and glycogen synthase gene. However, these genes in total account for 3% or less of type II diabetes. Further analyses of systems of both insulin secretion and insulin receptor-signaling at a molecular level will help elucidate the other diabetes candidate genes.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Effect of isocarbacyclin methyl ester incorporated in lipid microspheres on experimental models of peripheral obstructive disease.

The effect of TTC-909 (isocarbacyclin methyl ester (CAS 88931-51-5, TEI-9090) incorporated into lipid microspheres) on obstruction of the peripheral artery was studied in two different animal models. The first was a peripheral occlusion model induced by intra-arterial injection of sodium laurate in rats. The second was a tail gangrene model induced by subcutaneous injection of both ergotamine and epinephrine in rats. Intravenous bolus-administered TTC-909 at 1.0 microgram/kg resulted in the inhibition of both progression of lesions induced by sodium laurate and the extension of tail gangrene by ergotamine and epinephrine. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of TTC-909 was more potent than that of PGE1 (LM) (prostaglandin E1 incorporated into lipid microspheres). These findings suggested that TTC-909 may be clinically useful for the therapy of peripheral vascular disorders such as thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) and atherosclerosis obliterans (ASO).

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1995

Diversity of quasispecies in various disease stages of chronic hepatitis C virus infection and its significance in interferon treatment.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) populations in vivo exist as a mixture of heterogeneous viruses called quasispecies, which have variations in the hypervariable region (HRV). However, the relationship between the diversity of HVR quasispecies, the disease stage, or the interferon (IFN) responsiveness remains to be elucidated. To study these, serum samples were obtained from 42 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection; 24 with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) treated with IFN, 9 with cirrhosis, 9 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCV quasispecies populations were separated by the single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) method targeted to the HVR. The patients were classified into two groups; a single-band group (n = 12) in which HVR quasispecies was homogeneous and a multiple-band group (n = 30) in which HVR quasispecies was heterogeneous. Patients with multiple bands had significantly more advanced liver disease than those with a single-band group (P = .0082). The percentage of patients with single band were 41% in CAH, 22% in cirrhosis, and 0% in HCC. Multivariate analyses showed that viral diversity was independently related to the progression of liver disease and was not correlated with the duration of infection. We also found that in CAH, the patients who had multiple bands (n = 14) were more resistant to IFN therapy than those who had a single band (n = 10) (P = .002). These results indicate that the diversity of HCV quasispecies becomes more complex as the disease stage progresses and that CAH with more complex diversity shows less IFN effectiveness.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Long-term results of Bentall and modified Bentall procedure in aortic root replacement].

Between 1976 and 1994, sixteen patients who had annulo-aortic ectasia required aortic root replacements. Ten patients had annulo-aortic ectasia and 6 patients had aortic dissections. The operative techniques included Bentall procedure in 6, Cabrol procedure in 3 and Carrel patch procedure in 7. No hospital death was noted, although there were three major late complications and two of them died. First patient having Bentall procedure died from acute myocardial infarction because of the compressed left coronary artery by the wrapping aneurysmal wall. Second patient having Bentall procedure had enlargement of residual false lumen. Third patient having Cabrol procedure developed false aneurysm at the ostial anastomosis and died of cerebral haemorrhage. In contrast, no late complication has been noted in patients having Carrel patch procedure. Although further long-term follow-up is required, our experience suggests that Carrel patch procedure has less late complication.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Detectability of hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma by arterial phase images of MR and spiral CT.

The ability of arterial phase images of breath-hold MR imaging and spiral CT to detect hypervascular hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) was evaluated. Prior to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) with iodized oil, MR images and spiral CT during i.v. bolus injection of contrast medium (IV-MR imaging and IV-spiral CT) and spiral CT during intraarterial injection of contrast media through catheter (IA-spiral CT) of the entire liver were obtained in 24 consecutive patients with 93 HCCs. In the detection of HCCs less than 1 cm in diameter, IA-spiral CT (87.3%) was superior to IV-MR imaging (63.5%) and IV-spiral CT (54.0%) (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in detectability in any tumor size between IV-MR imaging and IV-spiral CT. IA-spiral CT was the best for detecting hypervascular HCCs, and there was no significant difference between IV-MR imaging and IV-spiral CT.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Differential adaptation to endurance training between heart and gastrocnemius muscle mitochondria in rats.

The effects of endurance training on mitochondrial gene expression and replication in heart and gastrocnemius muscles were studied in rats. Rats were trained for 12 weeks by treadmill running. Although the heart weight was significantly increased by the training, activity of cytochrome oxidase and concentrations of cytochrome b mRNA and mitochondrial DNA in the heart were not altered by the training. On the other hand, those in gastrocnemius muscle were increased about 1.5 fold by the training. When these values were compared between heart and gastrocnemius muscles, they were 10, 3.3, and 1.7 fold, respectively, higher in the former than in the latter. These results suggest that the mitochondrial gene expression and enzyme activity for the oxidative capacity in heart are fairly high compared to those in skeletal muscle, therefore adaptation to the training in heart is attained by increasing the muscle mass, but not mitochondrial gene expression.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Cervical invasion of endometrial carcinoma--evaluation by parasagittal MR imaging.

Twenty-seven consecutive patients were examined by T2-(1,800/70 ms) and postcontrast T1-weighted (600/15) spin echo (SE) or dynamic (200/15) SE MR imaging to determine the usefulness of parasagittal MR imaging in assessing cervical invasion of endometrial carcinoma. The images were obtained in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the uterus (parasagittal). The cervical epithelium, being hyperintense on the late phase dynamic and postcontrast T1-weighted SE images, had disappeared partially or totally in all 4 patients with cervical invasion. The enhanced cervical epithelium was completely seen in one patient with the tumor protruding into the cervical canal in a polyp-like form without cervical epithelial invasion. The same was also seen in the 22 patients with the tumor remaining in the corpus cavity. The enhanced parasagittal MR images facilitated the evaluation of the extent of the endometrial carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

[Detectability of hypervascular small hepatocellular carcinoma by dynamic spiral CT].

Thirty-one cases of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) under 3 cm in diameter underwent Spiral CT with bolus injection of contrast medium (Dynamic Spiral CT). Dynamic Spiral CT was compared with CT after intra-arterial injection of iodized oil (Lipiodol-CT). The detectability of 79 nodules of small HCC on early phase images of Dynamic Spiral CT was 49.4% (32.6% for those under 1 cm in diameter, 58.3% for 1-2 cm, 91.7% for 2-3 cm). The detectability of small HCCs above the hilum of the liver was better than that below the hilum. Five lesions were detected only on delayed CT images, but not on early phase CT images. Dynamic Spiral CT is useful for detecting hypervascular small HCCs, and both early phase and delayed CT images must be obtained.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Immunohistochemical localization of glucose transporters in human renal cell carcinoma.

The localization of 2 isoforms of glucose transporters (GLUT1 and GLUT4) in 75 patients with renal cell carcinoma was examined immunohistochemically. Paraffin sections were immunostained with either anti-GLUT1 or GLUT4 antibody by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. In 55 of 75 patients, GLUT1 staining was demonstrated at the plasma membrane of the cancer cells. In the clear cell subtype, 44 of 52 (84.6%) patients were positive for GLUT1. We did not detect positive staining for GLUT1 in the spindle cell type. In the mixed cell subtype, positive staining was recognized in only the areas of clear cell carcinomas (10 of 13; 76.9%). Positive staining for GLUT1 did not show any significant correlation with tumor grade or extent. Heterogeneous expression of GLUT1 was observed in tumor cell mass: some tumor cells were positive for GLUT1, while other cells were not. In adjacent normal tissue, GLUT1 staining was only recognized at the plasma membrane of some renal tubules. GLUT4 staining was not recognized in either tumor or normal tissues.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1995

[Emergency coronary bypass grafting for failed percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty].

From January 1992 through September 1993, 545 patients underwent PTCA in Asahikawa City Hospital. 6 patients (1.1%) required emergency CABG. Perfusion catheter was placed in three patients. This catheter allowed for immediate and temporary reperfusion of blood to the ischemic myocardial tissue. And it provided us with time and a patient in stable condition. This technique reduce PMI, morbidity, and mortality in emergency CABG after failed PTCA.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Resection of hepatoblastoma with right atrial extension using cardiopulmonary bypass.

A 3-year-old boy underwent a successful combined resection of a hepatoblastoma and its intracaval right atrial extension using a cardiopulmonary bypass. This type of extension is extremely rare in hepatoblastoma. The cardiopulmonary bypass enabled complete resection of the intracardiac mass of the hepatoblastoma. In addition, dissection and ligation of the right hepatic vein under cardiopulmonary bypass made the following right hepatectomy easy and safe.

Cardiopulmonary Bypass↗
PubMed1995

[A case of aortic bicuspid valvular endocarditis with congenital left ventricular diverticulum].

A 29-year-old man had a prolonged fever and painful Osler's nodes on his right foot. The aortic valve was bicuspid with vegetation mass and the left ventricular diverticulum was additionally present connecting with the left ventricular outflow tract. An operation was performed after intravenous administration of antibiotics for 3 weeks. The aortic bicuspid valve and the vegetation were removed and replaced by an artificial valve (SJM-HP 19 mm). The left ventricular diverticulum was resected. The echocardiographic findings correlated well with the intraoperative observation.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[A case of thymic squamous cell carcinoma successfully treated with curative resection].

A case of rare thymic squamous cell carcinoma was reported. A 46-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of an abnormal shadow on chest X-ray. Chest CT showed anterior mediastinal tumor and histological diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma was made by needle biopsy under CT guide. Esophagus and lung were no abnormal findings, we thought the primary region was thymus. On mid-sternotomy, anterior mediastinal tumor was resected with thymus, right phrenic nerve and pericardium, however it was not direct invasion to heart, great vessels, lung and chest wall. Resection of peripheral fatty tissue and dissection of mediastinal lymph nodes as much as possible, it was not capsular invasion and mediastinal lymph nodes metastasis and complete curative resection was able to perform. Additional radiation therapy was done, post-operative course was uneventful.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1995

[Activated coagulation factors in various thrombotic diseases].

Various hemostatic abnormalities have been reported and excess activation of coagulation factors, such as prothrombin, factor VII, factor IX, and factor XI, have been detected in thrombotic diseases states by various assay systems. We recently developed the enzyme-linked differential immunoassay for activated factor XI-alpha 1 antitrypsin complex (FXIa-alpha 1 AT) and applied it with other assays for activated factors such as thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) to detect the hypercoagulable state in clinical samples. In patients with DIC, the FXIa-alpha 1 AT level in plasma increased before onset of DIC. In patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, FXIa-alpha 1AT and TAT levels were increased in the patient plasma. FXIa-alpha 1AT was related to the severity of urinary albumin excretion, whereas TAT was not. Plasma FXIa-alpha 1AT levels were significantly increased in patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease, and showed a positive correlation with TAT, fibrinogen, and Lp(a). Evaluation of activated coagulation factor provides useful information on the diagnosis of thrombotic disease.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1995

A simplified judgment system for medical informatics.

This report describes a new simplified judgment system which enables users to register appropriate judgment rules with ease and to apply them to a wide variety of medical problems. The rule utilized in this system is 3-AND-3-OR, quite a simple one. By applying this judgment rule to the data of as many as 60 items, judgment results of the individual on each item is given by four different grades or categories, namely: 1) normal, 2) borderline, 3) abnormal, and 4) severe. As many as 20 types can be obtained simultaneously. The simplicity of the algorithm allows medical users who are not the experts in computer technology to use this system on a DOS-based personal computer.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1995

Clinical evaluation of human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in chemotherapy for ovarian cancer.

The clinical evaluation of human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in 38 patients treated with chemotherapy for ovarian cancer stage III was investigated among 3 groups. G-CSF was not given in group A (19 courses), was administered from day 5 of chemotherapy in group B (53 courses), and was given when the WBC count decreased to below 2,000/mm3 in group C (29 courses). The time to nadir was significantly shorter in group B compared with groups A and C and revealed 10 days for the WBC count and 11 days for the neutrophil count (p <0.01), with mean nadir values of 2,896/mm3 and 982/mm3 respectively, and so the count of WBC and neutrophil have been kept during the course. The effect of G-CSF was not modified by age, body weight or the number of chemotherapy courses in groups B and C. These results demonstrate that early treatment with G-CSF may allow increased intensity of chemotherapy by using greater doses or by shortening of the interval between cycles.

Adolescent↗