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Biomedical subjects

T Murakami

Publications and source records attributed to T Murakami.

At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Sex differences in the metabolism of (+)-S-145, a novel thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist in rat.

1. After the oral administration of 5 mg/kg S-1452 to rat, the plasma levels of (+)-S-145 were similar between the male and female, but there were sex differences in the profiles of its beta-oxidized and hydroxylated metabolites in plasma. 2. beta-Oxidation of (+)-S-145 determined in vitro was slightly higher in the female than in the male, and agreed with the plasma levels of the beta-oxidized metabolites. 3. 5-Hydroxylation activities of (+)-S-145 and beta-oxidized metabolites by rat liver microsomes were significantly higher in the male than in the female, but marked sex differences were not observed in 6-hydroxylation activities. These results revealed that differences in monooxygenase activities directly account for the sex differences in the plasma level of 5-hydroxylated metabolites, and that the peroxisomal beta-oxidation enzyme system also affected the plasma level of 6-hydroxylated metabolites. 4. Biliary excretion was higher in the male than in the female, and quantitative identification of metabolites in bile indicated that this was based on the prominent excretion of taurine conjugates in the male rat. This conclusion was supported by the fact that taurine conjugation activity was higher in male liver homogenates than in the female.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Transdermal iontophoretic delivery of triamcinolone acetonide: a preliminary study in hairless rats.

Transdermal iontophoretic delivery of triamcinolone acetonide was examined using a commercially available iontophoretic system (Phoresor, Iomed) in hairless rats. A drug electrode containing triamcinolone acetonide 10 mg dissolved in 1 ml of N,N-dimethylacetamide and water (7/3 v/v) was connected to the positive pole of a Phoresor (set at 4 mA) and direct current was applied for 10, 30, or 90 minutes. The amount delivered to the skin tissues increased with time at a constant rate. Even after the drug electrode had been removed, triamcinolone acetonide was retained in the local skin tissues beneath where it had been for about 24 hours after 30 minutes iontophoresis. These results suggest that the iontophoresis with an organic solvent used as a drug vehicle is useful to increase transdermal absorption of compounds that do not dissolve completely in water.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1996

[Surgical correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage: an adult case of successful repair].

Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (TAPVD) is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly. It occurs in only 1.5% of children born with congenital heart defects. But, it is one of the most common lesions necessitating intracardiac operation in the neonatal period. We have experienced a 33-year-old man with supracardiac type TAPVD who was operated upon successfully. Cardiac catheterization showed 0.35 in Pp/Ps, 3.33 in Qp/Qs and 0.11 in Rp/Rs. The left to right shunt ratio was 77%, while the right to left shunt ratio was 23%. The operation was composed of anastomosis between the left atrium and the common pulmonary vein, patch closure of the atrial septal defect, ligation of the vertical vein and tricuspid annuloplasty. The posterior approach was adopted in anastomosis between the left atrium and the common pulmonary vein. The association of a normal pulmonary vascular resistance, a large interatrial communication and absence of a pulmonary venous obstruction was considered as factors of a favorable result.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Bicuspid aortic valve in an adult human cadaver: a case report.

We encountered a "bicuspid" aortic valve in an 83-year-old man. This valve consisted of two semilunar leaflets, anterior and posterior, though they were extensively calcified. The right and left coronary arteries independently arose from the anterior aortic sinus. The infundibular ligament ran from the pulmonary trunk at the commissure of the right and left semilunar cusps to the aorta at the mid-point of the anterior sinus. These findings strongly suggests the present bicuspid aortic valve may be formed by fusion of usual right and left (coronary) cusps. No other congenital anomalies were noted in this heart.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Underlying cardiac disease in infective endocarditis].

Underlying cardiac lesions in 39 adult cases with infective endocarditis were studied. 18 cases (46%) of the patients had no evidence of preexisting cardiac disease and infection frequently involved aortic valve. The patients without preexisting cardiac disease and 4 patients with an intracardiac substitute including pacemaker lead and aortic valve prosthesis required a surgery during an active infective endocarditis. All cases of active infective endocarditis accompanied with rheumatic valvular disease underwent surgery after a suppression of active inflammation by medical treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Long-term results of emergency coronary artery bypass grafting].

During a 20-year period, 364 patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. Among these patients, 28 underwent emergency surgery. The reasons for performing emergency CABG were unstable angina in 15 patients, impending myocardial infarction in 12 patients, and congestive heart failure in 1 patient. Eleven patients died postoperatively. Eight variables were examined by univariate analysis for their influence on the occurrence of a hospital death. IABP and acute coronary occlusion were found to be predictors of hospital death and previous myocardial infarction was a predictor of hospital survival. Seventeen patients were followed up for 12 years. There was no cardiac death and actuarial survival at 12 years was 63%. The 14 survivors are now in NYHA functional class I or II. Although the operative mortality rate is high after emergency CABG, the patient's prognosis is good.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Effects of intracerebroventricular administration of 6-hydroxydopamine on ouabain-like immunoreactivity in plasma and the hypothalamo-pituitary axis in rats.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the role of central mechanisms on the production and release of an ouabain-like factor, the effects of intracerebroventricular injections of 6-hydroxydopamine on the tissue content and on the plasma level of the ouabain-like factor were determined in rats. METHODS: The vehicle (0.1% ascorbic acid in 0.9% saline) and 6- hydroxydopamine (250 micrograms/rat) were injected into the left lateral ventricle in ether-anaesthetized Wistar rats. Hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal and venous blood was sampled 24h and 7 days later. The procedure was repeated using another rat group 7 days later. Characteristics of immunoreactive ouabain-like factor were determined by a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and a highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for ouabain. The level of the ouabain-like factor in these tissues and in plasma extracts measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was compared between the two groups receiving 6-hydroxydopamine and the vehicle. RESULTS: Twenty-four hours after the intracerebroventricular injections of 6-hydroxydopamine, the ouabain-like factor level in the pituitary, hypothalamus and plasma had decreased significantly, whereas the ouabain-like factor level in the adrenal had not changed. The content of noradrenaline in the hypothalamus was also decreased markedly 7 days later and the content of ouabain-like factor in the pituitary remained low. On liquid chromatography the elution pattern of the ouabain-like factor in plasma and in tissue extracts coincided with that of authentic ouabain. CONCLUSIONS: Intracerebroventricular treatments with 6-hydroxydopamine elicited decreases in ouabain-like factor contents in the pituitary, the hypothalamus and the plasma. These results suggest that the production and release of ouabain-like factor are closely associated with the brain, particularly the hypothalamus-pituitary axis, and that noradrenergic or dopaminergic neurons, or both, play a key role in this mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Acetaminophen plasma level after oral administration in liver cirrhotic patients suffering from schistosomal infection.

Hepatosplenic schistosomal infection is a common parasitic liver disease in Egypt, resulting in the formation of granuloma followed by fibrosis which leads to the chronic liver disease. Plasma level of acetaminophen (AAP) and its glucuronide and sulfate metabolites after oral administration at a dose of 1 g was determined in liver-cirrhotic younger (9 - 25 years old) and elderly patients (45 - 65 years old) suffering from schistosomal infection. These levels of AAP and its metabolites in patient groups were compared with those in corresponding healthy subject groups. Examinations for participants in the present study by physicians indicated the more severe cirrhosis in elderly patients compared to younger patients and the formation of collateral circulation and the renal insufficiency in elderly patients. The elimination of AAP from plasma was significantly prolonged in both younger and elderly patient groups. In elderly patients plasma concentration of AAP in early stage (before the time to reach Cmax) was significantly higher, indicating the partial avoidance of first-pass metabolism due to the formation of hepatic shunt pathway. Plasma concentration of AAP-glucuronide was greatly decreased in both patient groups, whereas no significant difference in the plasma concentration of AAP-sulfate compared to those in corresponding healthy subject groups. These results will suggest that with repeated dosing of AAP special care must be taken in schistosomal patients since the elimination of AAP from plasma is remarkably reduced.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1996

Aortic and mitral valve replacement with the Carpentier-Edwards pericardial bioprosthesis: 10-year results.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: This report reviews our experience with single aortic and mitral valve replacement using the Carpentier-Edwards pericardial valve in a population younger than those of other reports. METHODS: Between 1984 and 1993, 106 patients underwent single aortic or mitral valve replacement using a Carpentier-Edwards pericardial valve. There were 49 aortic and 57 mitral implants. The mean age was 56.7 +/- 14.3 years. The follow up was 100% complete; total follow up being 273.3 patient-years in the aortic (AVR) and 348.0 patient-years in the mitral valve replacement (MVR) group, with a mean of 5.6 and 6.1 years, respectively. RESULTS: The rates of thromboembolic complications for AVR and MVR were 0.37% and 0.58% per patient year respectively. There were no cases of non-structural dysfunction or anticoagulant-related hemorrhage. The incidences of prosthetic valve endocarditis for AVR and MVR were 0% and 0.86% per patient year respectively. Structural deterioration (calcification and sclerosis) occurred in one patient after AVR and in six patients after MVR, all younger than 60 years of age. Freedom from structural deterioration at five years and 10 years was 100% and 92.9% +/- 6.9% for AVR, and 100% and 76.9% +/- 8.6% for MVR. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the Carpentier-Edwards aortic valve has a low incidence of valve-related complications at 10 years. Although late results of this valve in the mitral position were excellent in the elderly, leaflet degeneration is still a problem in patients under the age of 60 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy with a transthyretin variant (Val30-->Leu)].

We report a Japanese woman with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) with a transthyretin variant that substituted leucine for valine at position 30. Family history was not informative. She had initially suffered from repeated petechiae in the eyelids at the age of 51. Two years later, dysesthesia in the lower extremities appeared. Distal muscle weakness and sensory disturbance gradually developed. Autonomic dysfunction emerged and vomiting and orthostatic hypotension were marked in the late stage of her illness. Because of renal failure, she died at the age of 54. At autopsy, amyloid deposits were prominent in peripheral nerves including autonomic nerves, heart, blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, and bladder. In the nervous system, we found amyloid deposits in anterior roots, posterior roots, posterior root ganglions, peripheral nerves, and sympathetic ganglions. Cardiac weight was increased (595 g) with conspicuous amyloid deposits in the myocardium. The kidneys showed massive deposition of amyloid in the glomeruli and vascular walls. Amyloid accumulated moderately in tongue, submandibular gland, gallbladder, spleen, and pancreas, and slightly in the thyroid gland, lung, liver, and adrenal gland. No amyloid deposits were seen in the CNS with the exception of perivascular deposits in the choroid plexus.

Amyloid↗
PubMed1996

Correlation of clinical improvement with pontine lesions in opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome.

In a case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis displaying opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome, magnetic resonance images (MRI) disclosed pontine lesions involving part of the pontine paramedian reticular formation and the raphe nucleus. Shrinkage of the lesions correlated with the patient's clinical state. This observation supports the hypothesis that a pontine lesion can cause opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Result of surgery for aneurysms of distal aortic arch and proximal descending aorta].

We examined the surgical result for non-dissecting aneurysm of distal aortic arch and proximal descending aorta, for which aneurysm, proximal aortic clamp cannot be set at descending aorta because of the proximal progression of aneurysm. In 25 cases out of all 46 cases for 18 years, before 1990, aortic arch was clamped for proximal aortic control with the aid of temporary bypass, femoral artery-vein bypass or left heart bypass (clamp group). In 10 cases proximal aortic clamp was set between innominate and left common carotid artery and in 15 cases between left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery. In the former, temporary or permanent bypass was made to left common carotid artery. After 1990, in 21 cases, aortic arch was not clamped with the aid of separate cerebral perfusion (no clamp group). In the comparison of surgical result between two groups, no clamp group showed less postoperative complication rate in brain damage (28% vs 14%) and bleeding (16% vs 5%) and showed better operative mortality (20% vs 14%) and better hospital mortality (32% vs 19%). Now, in the surgery for non-dissecting aneurysm of diatal aortic arch and proximal descending aorta, it is preferable not to clamp aortic arc, employing separate cerebral perfusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Evaluation of the factor XIIa assay kit].

The assay for activated coagulation factors has recently been considered to be a useful tool for detecting hypercoagulable state. Measurement of activated factor XI and alpha 1 antitrypsin complex developed by us is the only one measure for detecting contact phase hypercoagulation. The ACTIVATED FACTOR XII kit (Shield Diagnostics) has recently been commercially available, and the reference range was reported in the instruction manual. However, because the recovery rate of purified factor XIIa (XIIa) in normal pooled plasma by this assay kit was strikingly decreased, the effects of inhibitors in plasma, such as low molecular weight serine proteinase inhibitor (diisopropyl fluoro-phosphate, DFP), the specific inhibitor for XIIa (corn trypsin inhibitor, CTI), the main inhibitor for XIIa (C1 inhibitor, C1I) were examined. These three inhibitors and XIIa were incubated for 18 hours, then the XIIa levels of these complexes and the recovery rate in the normal pooled plasma were assayed by this assay kit. The recovery ratios in the normal pooled plasma were; DFP-XIIa 82%, CTI-XIIa 63%, and C1I-XIIa 0%, XIIa without inhibitor 7%. These results suggest that this XIIa kit does not reflect the levels of complexed form of XIIa and inhibitors in plasma samples.

Adult↗